Pollard letter
| The letter which I cannot display by some computers and browsers is included in this item (). |
| Pollard letter | |
|---|---|
 Book (Yunnan race Museum) of the Pollard letter | |
| A type: | アブギダ (the element of the alphabet lasts, too) |
| A language: | Miao |
| An inventor: | Samuel Pollard |
| Time: | From about 1936 to the present |
| Unicode range: | U+16F00..U+16F9F |
| ISO 15924 cord: | Plrd |
| Attention: This page may include International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) written in Unicode. | |
The Pollard letter is the letter system which was made to transcribe a language (by the modern Chinese style name "the 滇 Tohoku next dialect" of seedling word western part dialects) of A-Hmao (large flower seedling) which is a kind of the Miao. It was invented in the early 20th century by propagator Samuel Pollard of the Methodist and was revised for several times. Translation of the New Testament written by Pollard letter in 1936 was published, and orthography was decided at this time [1].
It is written from the left to the right and the vowel sound is attached to the consonant as a diagram chestnut tical mark and is written small.
Table of contents
Structure
Only the letter representing the head consonant is greatly written by the Pollard letter. There is the single Junko phonetic symbol of 24 characters, and, as for the nasalization consonant in front of eight characters, a preliminary remark does a character to express n before a consonant character. The aspirate expresses it by adding a sign to the right shoulder of the character of the airless sound. In addition, the silent nasal expresses it by adding a sign to the character of the vocal sound nasal. Some letters (S, T, V, L) resemble Roman letters closely.
The vowel sound is stood for by 16 kinds of diagram chestnut tical marks, but expresses a style by the position put. For example, I show that a syllable is like shrill voice when I put the diagram chestnut tical mark of the vowel sound on the consonant letter by the western Miao and show a low tone-like thing when I place it under the right. However, I can distinguish only four kinds of styles by the Pollard letter whereas there are eight kinds of styles of the Miao [2].
History
Samuel Pollard from Cornwall worked on the propagation for Miao in 貴州省石門坎 (present Inei イ group time group Miao self-government prefecture), but it became the problem that Miao did not have a letter. Pollard made a syllabic character under the influence of James Evans having made a chestnut syllabic character for Cree for A-Hmao [1]. Pollard died in 1915, but I had an inherent letter toward Miao in the ancient times, but there was the tradition that I lost later, and the Pollard letter was still learned as the second coming of ancient characters eagerly [1].
The People's Republic of China established the orthography (new seedling sentence) by the Roman letters of the pin sound style in the 1950s, but hardly spread. I established the new orthography that improved Pollard letter in the 1980s [3].
The Chinese overseas Miao tends to use the orthography such as RPA (Romanized Popular Alphabet) using Roman letters not Pollard letter.
Unicode
In 1997, collecting to Unicode was suggested to the Pollard letter by John Jenkins of Apple Computer [1]. I was added to less than U+16F00 of additional multilingual aspect (SMP) in Unicode 6.1 of 2012 afterwards [4].
| Miao[5] | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+16F0x | 𖼀 | 𖼁 | 𖼂 | 𖼃 | 𖼄 | 𖼅 | 𖼆 | 𖼇 | 𖼈 | 𖼉 | 𖼊 | 𖼋 | 𖼌 | 𖼍 | 𖼎 | 𖼏 |
| U+16F1x | 𖼐 | 𖼑 | 𖼒 | 𖼓 | 𖼔 | 𖼕 | 𖼖 | 𖼗 | 𖼘 | 𖼙 | 𖼚 | 𖼛 | 𖼜 | 𖼝 | 𖼞 | 𖼟 |
| U+16F2x | 𖼠 | 𖼡 | 𖼢 | 𖼣 | 𖼤 | 𖼥 | 𖼦 | 𖼧 | 𖼨 | 𖼩 | 𖼪 | 𖼫 | 𖼬 | 𖼭 | 𖼮 | 𖼯 |
| U+16F3x | 𖼰 | 𖼱 | 𖼲 | 𖼳 | 𖼴 | 𖼵 | 𖼶 | 𖼷 | 𖼸 | 𖼹 | 𖼺 | 𖼻 | 𖼼 | 𖼽 | 𖼾 | 𖼿 |
| U+16F4x | 𖽀 | 𖽁 | 𖽂 | 𖽃 | 𖽄 | |||||||||||
| U+16F5x | 𖽐 | 𖽑 | 𖽒 | 𖽓 | 𖽔 | 𖽕 | 𖽖 | 𖽗 | 𖽘 | 𖽙 | 𖽚 | 𖽛 | 𖽜 | 𖽝 | 𖽞 | 𖽟 |
| U+16F6x | 𖽠 | 𖽡 | 𖽢 | 𖽣 | 𖽤 | 𖽥 | 𖽦 | 𖽧 | 𖽨 | 𖽩 | 𖽪 | 𖽫 | 𖽬 | 𖽭 | 𖽮 | 𖽯 |
| U+16F7x | 𖽰 | 𖽱 | 𖽲 | 𖽳 | 𖽴 | 𖽵 | 𖽶 | 𖽷 | 𖽸 | 𖽹 | 𖽺 | 𖽻 | 𖽼 | 𖽽 | 𖽾 | |
| U+16F8x | 𖾏 | |||||||||||||||
| U+16F9x | 𖾐 | 𖾑 | 𖾒 | 𖾓 | 𖾔 | 𖾕 | 𖾖 | 𖾗 | 𖾘 | 𖾙 | 𖾚 | 𖾛 | 𖾜 | 𖾝 | 𖾞 | 𖾟 |
Footnote
- ^ a b c d John H. Jenkins (1997-05-21), Proposal to add Pollard to Unicode/ISO-IEC 10646
- ^ Daniels (1996) p.580
- ^ "滇东 north 简 易苗文字符 编码 country 际标 associate person idea" Yunnan minority race 语 言文化网, June 13, 2012。
- ^ Unicode 6.1.0, The Unicode Consortium, (2012-01-31)
- ^ Miao, The Unicode Consortiu
References
- Daniels, Peter T.. "The Invention of Writing." In Peter T. Daniels; William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. pp. 579-586. ISBN 0195079930.
Outside link
- "ミャオ Pollard letter" earth words village。
- Pollard Script, Omniglo (English)
- R. Keith Parsons and P. Kenneth Parsons, Songs and Stories and a Glossary of Phrases of the Hua Miao of South West China, University of Southampto (I offer the font of the Pollard letter)
- Edwin ディングル. "Across China on Foot". Project Gutenberg. July 29, 2005 reading. (English) — ディングル describes the method indicating the style at the relative position for the consonant of the vowel sound sign.
Allied item
- I influenced Canadian indigenous people letter - Pollard letter
- Letter for squirrel word devised like Fraser letter - by a propagator
- Another letter system for パハウ フモン letter - Miao
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Pollard letter
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