Midge
| Midge department |
|---|
 オオユスリカ Chironomus plumosus の male |
| Classification |
| Scientific name |
| Chironomidae Newman, 1834 |
| Japanese name |
| Midge (揺蚊) |
| Fame |
| non-biting midges |
| Subfamily |
| |
The generic name of the insect that the midge (揺蚊) belongs to fly eyes (Diptera), thread corner suborder, midge department (Chironomidae). It is said that the Japanese name comes from that I move it so that a larva shakes a body.
As for most kinds, a larva is aquatic, and a river, a pond live in every fresh water area almost. A few is to a thing and a terrestrial thing, the odd number aquatic-like thing living in the intertidal zone of the sea elsewhere to live in the inside or the whole of Kutsugi of the waterside soil. The special thing which is parasitic on an aquatic insect and shellfish is known among them. The larva of a Tendipes dorsalis used for a bait and the live bait of the high-quality goldfish for the admiration is larvae such as オオユスリカ or the larva of a Tendipes dorsalis midge.
The imago does size and a figure similar to a mosquito (mosquito), but does not stab you. In addition, even if I mistake it for a mosquito and swat it because the scales such as the mosquito does not last, skin is not accompanied by a thing such as the blackish powder. I often make a swarm of mosquitoes near a river and a pond. The swarm of mosquitoes in the Malawian lake in African Malawi is known by becoming the altitude of number 10m.
There are very many kinds, and approximately 2,000 kinds are listed from approximately 15,000 kinds, Japan from the world [1]. It is one of the things that there is the most number of the kinds to have in 1 department in the aquatic insect.
Table of contents
Characteristic
I resemble a mosquito closely and gather for a cage, the light of the light well, but a course stabs it with an animal and a person like a mosquito in different insects with the mosquito and does not breathe the blood. As well as the insect of other Diptera, as for the feather, the hind wing changes to a minute organ called the haltere only with two pieces. In - small size minute as for the imago, the length is around 1cm from 0.5mm. The female feeler is common, but there are a lot of offshoots which grew to all directions, and it which is male presents a brush form and it is more shortish than it of the mosquito and is seen to having an abundance. There is the thing varying in the color of the body with the sex including the female bizarrerie midge.
The larva is called a larva of a Tendipes dorsalis or a larva of a Tendipes dorsalis from the color of the body, but a shape is largely different from the original mosquito larva which is the larva of the mosquito. Is usually slim; is cylindrical, and there is not the original appendage. The head is an oval, and there is appendage of a lot of eyes, feeler, 大腮 opening in right and left and others, and these minute forms are used for a larval classification. There is one projection to call 前擬脚 right behind the mouth and there is the small nail of most on the tip and uses it like an appendage. There is one pair of leg on the abdominal end and is helpful though after all there is a nail on the tip and fixes a body. In addition, I pile several pairs of anal gills at the rear end of the body, and there is usually the thing which has blood gills (けっさい says with the blood vessel gills) in the abdomen in some groups including midge Chironomus.
It occurs at a river or an irrigation canal, but may occur in a dirty "drain" by life drainage in large quantities in particular. I collect the mud of the ditch and make 棲管 and I start it in the upper bodies from there and should sway slowly and am seen. But, as for the thing living in the ditch judging from the number of the kinds, there are many things finishing it in the normal river and ponds and marshes where the eutrophication does not advance to in a small portion or the clear stream. The larva of pus midges lives in an intertidal zone and the coral reef. In addition, the thing having a thing, others, special habitation ground to live in in a thing, the soil to live in on the thing crawling into the dead leaves of the mountain stream, the thing letting 棲管 stick on the rock, the rock which water slightly drifts to is known. There is the thing which spells neighboring mud and sand, and makes a nest, and there are things making 可携巣 similar to a thing making special lacing like the ナガレユスリカ genus at the entrance of the nest and water moth eyes. It is thought that a meal student has many things eating detritus, but there are the things which are parasitic on a carnivorous thing and other aquatic insects like a mon midge subfamily. I swim, and the pupa goes up it to the surface of the water with the figure which made オニボウフラ which is that of mosquito slim, and emergence is performed on the surface of the water.
A lot of pillar shape attracts the imagos which emerged near a river and often fly. It is an insect preparing so-called "swarm of mosquitoes" into. The swarm of mosquitoes is comprised of one female and large number of males. This called 群飛 (swarming) [1]. The reason why a swarm of mosquitoes is formed is for copulation, and the imago dies as soon as I finish copulation and finish laying eggs. Even if the life of the imago is long, it is a 1-few days [1]. In addition, I cannot consume bait at all because the imago does not have trophi, and I degenerate, and the digestive organ becomes a trace.
Relation with the human being
I do not stab a person, but when the eutrophication of the river advances by the dirts of the river by the life drainage, a larva living in the water occurs in large quantities, and it is harm. A problem that the window which cannot air laundry in the neighborhood house of the river when it occurs in large quantities so that it is difficult to walk by a river is not opened gets up. It stops to laundry, and yellow body fluid attaches to laundry when I smash it carelessly.
Allergic nasal inflammation and respiratory illness called "midge asthma" that assumed a midge an antigen are known. After the midge which occurred in large quantities copulating, and these diseases laying eggs, and having perished, the minute particle in the process when a corpse weathers floats in the air and deposits in a house, and it is thought that I have it because a person absorbs them. Because a mature form jumps into direct eyes and mouth, in the small midges, inflammation may be caused [2].
The problem by the mass outbreak of such a midge happens in a park, the wetlands with a river and the pond of each place of the whole country, and I come to be troubled in each local government having the scene by the measures. The great outbreak of オオユスリカ in Lake Biwa and haze ヶ 浦 is well known, and it is before the common name called "びわこ insect" is created around south neighborhood of the lake side in Lake Biwa (reference: Shiga Lake Biwa environmental science research center).
However, the use and the larva as the indicator organism use in the mire and underwater organic matter, and there is the side to improve the quality of the water such as a river or the pond by becoming the imago before long, and flying away outside water [2]. It is confirmed that the midge of the imago has energy of 5kcal at maximum per 1 g [3].
Although it occurs particularly a lot at the area of the sea that I eutrophicated, rivers completely become dirty and do not occur if a toxic substance becomes full. In other words, it may occur very much when the purification of the river advanced by the maintenance of the sewer to some extent in the urban river. Because it is about normal that a midge is in the river, it may be said with the barometer of nature which measures a state of the pollution of the river that "I am not at all" or I do "large quantities outbreak". In other words, I am usable as an indicator organism. However, the judgment of the kind of the midge due to the larva is extremely difficult except an exception, and even the identification to a genus level must really check trophi or other minute organic forms, and some mastery of skills is necessary. As a careless viewpoint, you may see the environment where red midge larvae inhabit with the place that pollution went ahead through in eutrophy. The red pigment saves oxygen like hemoglobin, and the organic matter resolution is prosperous, and the habitat of such a midge is because I am considered to be the place that is easy to become the lack of oxygen state. The midge larva of the mountain stream life has many things which are not red by green and brown.
By the phenomenon to make the above-mentioned "swarm of mosquitoes", there may be a swarm of mosquitoes on the head of the person. Even if a person moves to escape from the swarm of mosquitoes made on the head, the swarm of mosquitoes of the midge follows it. I may be called "a head insect" (head insect) from this phenomenon. In addition, it is easy to be handled as an unpleasantness pest from the person who does not like insects in particular by a similar reason.
As the teaching materials of the high school science, I am often used for the observation of the salivary gland chromosome elsewhere. In addition, the salivary gland chromosome of the midge is white tinged with the transparence and I dye it with acetocarmine liquid and use it for observation.
In addition, the larva of a Tendipes dorsalis which is a larva is commercialized as a dry larva of a Tendipes dorsalis and a frozen larva of a Tendipes dorsalis and may be used as fishing bait and bait of admiration fish such as the tropical fish.
At the Lake Victoria coast in Africa, I collect kinds of the midge occurring in large quantities, and there is a custom to harden it like a hamburger steak, and to bake it on one of an iron plate, and to eat.
Haiku
The swarm of mosquitoes is a season word of the summer.
- Of the shower come, and break a swarm of mosquitoes; kick Shiki Masaoka
- It is kick Issa Kobayashi for a swarm of mosquitoes from two one
Classification
Most genus, kinds belong to four subfamilies of mon midge subfamily, mountain midge subfamily, midge subfamily, the Eli midge subfamily [4].
- チリーユスリカ subfamily Chilenomyiinae -1 genus one kind Chilenomyia paradoxa
- Black spring midge subfamily Usambaromyiinae -1 genus one kind Usambaromyia nigrala
- フタオユスリカ subfamily Buchonomyiinae -1 genus フタオユスリカ genus Buchonomyia
- Splinter midge subfamily Aphroteniinae The -3 genus
- ケブカユスリカ subfamily Podonominae - approximately 15 genus
- Mon midge subfamily Tanypodinae More than the -50 genus
- Isomidge subfamily Telmatogetoninae The -2 genus
- Mountain midge subfamily Diamesinae - approximately 20 genus
- Midge subfamily Chironominae More than the -100 genus
- Eri midge subfamily Orthocladiinae More than the -100 genus
- Mayu Ooya's Rika subfamily Prodiamesinae The -4 genus
System
PETER S. According to the molecular system analysis by CRANSTON et al.(2012), the following genealogical tree is provided. チリーユスリカ subfamily Chilenomyiinae, black spring midge subfamily Usambaromyiinae of the monophyletic subfamily is excluded in this study [5].
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Footnote
- ^ a b c "midge p.11 of illustration Japan"
- ^ a b Kimio Hirabayashi, Ryoji Nakazato, Yutaka Nasu, Tokio Okino, Shinobu Murayama three (1991). "The problems over the present conditions and the Lake Suwa midge measures study of the midge study". It is . environmental science annual report 13: 5-20
- ^ Koichiro Kawai, Toshiko Kawai, Hiromichi Imabayashi (2003). "A comparison of the quality of the water purification ability of five kinds of Chironomus genus midges." 衞生動物 54 (1): 37-42. NAID 110003819251.
- ^ "Chiro Key." September 21, 2012 reading.
- ^ PETER S. CRANSTON et al. (2012). "A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera)." Systematic Entomology 37 (1). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00603.x.
References
- For Shigeo Kondo, Kimio Hirabayashi, Toshio Iwakuma, Takashi Ueno knit fabric "world 培風館 of the midge", 2,001 years, it is ISBN 4563077615.
- Japanese midge meeting for the study "midge Bunichi general publication, September 9, 2010 of illustration Japan." ISBN 978-4,829,911,723。
Allied item
- Mosquito
- Sand fly (ケチョウカ)
- Harvest bug： In the Uonuma, Niigata district, I have ever called it a larva of a Tendipes dorsalis.
Outside link
- "The Chironomid Home Page". September 21, 2012 reading.
- "Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina" (PDF). September 21, 2012 reading. - I can understand the real other place of a form and the classification of search - larva of the midge department larva of North Carolina.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Midge
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