2016년 12월 29일 목요일

Member of firefighting team

Member of firefighting team

The member of firefighting team (I carry it) points at the member of the firefighting team in Japan.

Table of contents

Social position, duty of the member of firefighting team

Social position

The social position of the member of firefighting team is a special positions in the civil service local public service worker of the part-time service in cities, towns and villages prescribed in the local public service worker method and the firefighting Organization Acts. However, it is a local public service worker of the regular general office work when there is it to a member of firefighting team of the firefighting reserve department of the cities, towns and villages which do not establish the firefighting headquarters (the member of regular firefighting team is deleted by each laws and ordinances by not having existed in late years after the Heisei era). In addition, as for the social position of the member belonging to the firefighting team to keep in this area, it is "a part-time service special positions in the civil service local public service worker of Tokyo" because Tokyo as the coalition of the special ward suffers firefighting responsibility not each special ward in the existing area of the special ward of Tokyo (firefighting Organization Acts Article 26) (firefighting Organization Acts Article 28). The member of firefighting team pulls a local public service worker and is the type of job having the biggest number in the whole public employee.

I belong to the firefighting team installed in the whole country and try for local disaster prevention. A similar public institution includes a flood defense party and a coastal defense group, and the type of job called a member of flood defense party and the coastal defense member exists as a job to have the same character with a member of firefighting team, too.

Because manager of fire station and a member of firefighting team are local public service workers, the head of cities, towns and villages appoints and dismisses the manager of fire station by the recommendation of the firefighting team, and the member of firefighting team receives approval by the head of cities, towns and villages setting up a firefighting team, and it is decided that the firefighting head appoints it (firefighting Organization Acts Article 22). But Tokyo Governor uses authority this as the head of the coalition of the special ward when it is in the firefighting team of the existing area of the special ward of Tokyo (firefighting Organization Acts Article 28).

Because the member of firefighting team is social position established in laws and ordinances, there are many some points common nationwide, but, on the other hand, there are a lot of differences to be based on the regulations of cities, towns and villages installing it about the activity and duty, service. For example, the member of firefighting team of Tokyo has a flood control duty on the duty as the member of original firefighting team, but it is distinguished definitely, and there are many people holding an additional post of a member of firefighting team and a member of flood defense party with the duty of the member of flood defense party in members of local firefighting team (like Tokyo because there is the local government having a flood control duty on the duty as the member of firefighting team, and a firefighting engine and a flood defense party still process the flood control office work, there is not the problem even if flood control is active as a member of firefighting team).

The member of firefighting team can serve as other public office (politicians). Joining an organization is possible, and a government official and the local public service worker receive the remarkable member decrease in late years as far as the permission of the engagement such as for-profit companies and duties concentration of mind exoneration (when the regulations include rule) are made and take the pledge in the interview at the time of the new hiring staff examination depending on the local government and may make it mandatory virtually. I establish headquarters branch office, the government office branch office consisting of a town office, the member of firefighting team of the staff of village office in addition to the branch office every area, and there are the main force of the daytime firefighting that the member population that local, remains by the commuting to the urban area decreases and the case doing it. Joining an organization is possible if I pass through duties concentration of mind duty exemption (when the regulations include rule) and the engagement permission procedures such as for-profit companies about the public educational personnel in the range where duties do not have the trouble.

Duty

I point to the person who carries out a firefighting when a fire, an accident or a disaster occurred by belonging to one's local firefighting team to live in while usually having a main profession with the member of firefighting team (firefighting Organization Acts Article 9, 2 of Article 15).

Training does a technique through a fire-fighting drill, first aid treatment training while there being the role of the member of firefighting team in a time of peace, and having a main profession and is what I act as for the prevention of the disaster in learning rules, etiquette of the firefighting because rules take the military unit action that there is and the spread of disaster prevention thought namely public information and a thing enlightening. I deal with (in addition, the firefighting team acts with the jurisdiction of Mayor of fire station or the fire chief in the cities, towns and villages establishing the firefighting headquarters), fire extinguishing, first aid treatment, flood control activity according to conduct of the manager of fire station at the disaster and will guide refuge inhabitants based on conduct of the firefighting head who received the conduct of mayors, town managers, and village headmen when Disaster Laws and nation protection law are applied. In the disasters such as fires, give it an order for the withdrawal from the area for the person except the person who the member of firefighting team sets a firefighting caution area, and establishes it in general affairs departmental order; of the comings and goings to the or area prohibit it or can limit it (Fire Services Act Article 28). When I measure penal servitude less than one year or a fine (Fire Services Act Article 41), an assault less than 1 million yen and a threat when a member of firefighting team engages in the caution defense of other disasters except fire fighting or the flood disaster and relief when I interfere with the act, an interference with a government official in the execution of his duties punishment is established.

Because a firefighting team has a parallel relation with a fire department in a time of peace, I do not receive the direct instructions of the fire department, but, in the firefighting team, organic cooperation such as the member of firefighting team and firefighting team cooperating with a fire department and a firefighting local public worker on the occasion of an emergency, and acting is often planned. The cases that the firefighting team headquarters is put in the fire department (the same building) are often found in the cities, towns and villages establishing the firefighting headquarters, and, according to the cooperation and the instruction of the firefighting local public worker, the time is big for administration and the training of the firefighting team. Activity is expected today in fields such as the inhabitants refuge (so-called civilian defense) of the emergency in the nation protection law by the crisis of the disaster and the establishment of the legal framework for war contingencies.

Rank of the member of firefighting team

The firefighting team adopts a class system, and the rank of the member of firefighting team is established in the rank regulation of the member of firefighting team which the Fire and Disaster Management Agency establishes based on 6 of firefighting Organization Acts Article 15 as follows. The real rank is standardized approximately nationwide. I am comprised of the normal class system by seven classes of less than prime head. In addition, in the case of a member of flood defense party, the formation of the rank is approximately similar (there are some differences, but is similar to the class system of the coastal defense member very much).

  • The rank of the member of Article 1 firefighting team assumes it the head, the vice-head, the share head, the vice-share head, a director, a group leader and a member.
  • The rank of the person in the head's post of the Article 2 firefighting team assumes it the head.
  • I do the rank of the member of firefighting team except the person in the rank of the Article 3 head with the vice-head, the share head, the vice-share head, a director, a group leader and a member.

Members are usually distinguished from a general member an executive member in more than group leader by member of firefighting team education.

The post that the rank parenthesis of the member of standard firefighting team is important
Order Division Rank English translation Post
1 Senior leader The head Volunteer Fire Chief The head
2 Senior leader The vice-head Assistant Volunteer Fire Chief The vice-head
3 Intermediate executive Mayor of branch office Volunteer Squad Chief Mayor of 団本部長 (as for the head of a director, the headquarters of 団本部 the head), branch office
4 Intermediate executive Mayor of vice-branch office Assistant Volunteer Squad Chief Mayor of vice-branch office
5 Beginner's class executive Director Volunteer Company Chief 団本部員, director
6 Beginner's class executive Group leader Volunteer Crew Chief 団本部員, group leader
7 Candidate executive Member Volunteer Firefighter Member of 団本部員, branch office
Firefighting team class system example of the army corps formation
Division Rank Post
Senior leader The head The head
Senior leader The vice-head It is area captain the vice-head
Senior leader General affairs director General affairs director
Intermediate executive It is the head for the upper grade Vice-area captain
Intermediate executive Mayor of branch office Mayor of 団本部長, branch office
Intermediate executive Mayor of vice-branch office Mayor of vice-branch office
Beginner's class executive Director 団本部員, director
Beginner's class executive Exclusive duty group leader Exclusive duty group leader
Beginner's class executive Group leader Group leader
Candidate executive Member Member of branch office
Class system example of the trumpet member seen in the firefighting team having trumpet corpses
Division Rank Post
Beginner's class executive Captain Captain
Candidate executive Member Trumpet group leader, officer, member

In the firefighting team organization, 団 to install it in as 団本部 (under an alias: a book corps), the organization which integrated as a middle organized thing of the branch office or a branch office with the army corps (※ corps headquarters is comprised of), a branch office, a part, the unit called the group to exist partly, and what agree features title and the rank name. There is the firefighting team establishing original organization constitution, post in a part.

Because area inhabitants assigned to a different type of industry are main constitutionalists, it is not so-called reserve firefighting, but I repeat training such as fire extinguishing or the first aid and usually carry out firefighting duties when there is it in emergency. I cannot miss the emergency military unit action in the meaning, and a member of firefighting team is lower than the head, and it is necessary to receive the conduct of a member in the higher rank or the predecessor member of the equivalence rank. Therefore, it is an equal relation, but a fair military unit action has it stolen based on rank in the activity as the いざ firefighting team regardless of rank routinely since there is it between local inhabitants. The member of firefighting team getting higher rank by the rank beginning promotion of the member called the appointment (as for the firefighting local public worker, it is said with promotion).

The firefighting team forms the coherent local system by the unit called the part to constitute in lower than director in the jurisdiction of a branch office to constitute in lower than Mayor of branch office every area and the branch office around 団本部 composed of less than head. A role of the Mayor of branch office of the spot top receives instructions of 団本部 in accord with the conduct action in the activity of the firefighting team heavily and will command an on-site member under the vice-share head, the assistance of the director. The division of the firefighting team official is divided into a beginner's class executive (in firefighting local public workers a firefighting corporal) in an intermediate executive (in firefighting local public workers assistant firefighting commander), a director and group leaders in a senior leader (I command a fire station in the firefighting local public workers), Mayor of branch office and Mayor of vice-branch office in the head and the vice-head. The firefighting team official of the narrow sense points to more than director to group leader more than Mayor of vice-branch office in a broad sense. It is decided that the rule top assumes a group leader an executive, but there are a lot of senior leader and intermediate executive (the head, a vice-branch office grow for clogging) firefighting teams where the above constitutes an executive meeting in firefighting team administration.

Change of the class system

Rank of the member of civil defense unit
Division Rank Post
Senior leader The head
Senior leader The vice-head
Intermediate executive Mayor of branch office
Beginner's class executive Director
Beginner's class executive Group leader
Candidate executive Member of defending

Education and security, evaluation to a member of firefighting team

The appointment of the member of firefighting team and security

A person (person [1] who and has work location in the area) having an address in the area can apply for a member of firefighting team.

In the cities, towns and villages setting up a reserve fire station, the firefighting team establishes the firefighting team headquarters in a building same as an approximately local fire department, and the branch offices (branch office) of a fire department to the fire department perform the offer of the member. The headquarters is put in a government office in the cities, towns and villages (including an office work cooperative, the office work trust) which do not establish a reserve fire station, and charge section, the member of the government office perform the recruitment of members. The application applicant becomes the official member by correspondence such as a member living in these firefighting organizations to neighborhood, the firefighting team control section of the local government. In late years the examples which a firefighting team makes a homepage for originally increase, and there is the firefighting team which is available for consultation, application on the Internet. The member of firefighting team belongs to a local public service worker, but if it is not necessary to take an employment examination and I apply and file, I am appointed to a member of firefighting team by appointment of the firefighting head and am assigned to the branch office of the residential area.

Generally, I perform the firefighting team activity with service mind to the last and am not a thing formed as an occupation. I may employ a regular member depending on an area, but am limited to the area (firefighting non-reserve area) without the firefighting headquarters to the last. The value is paid as a reward [2] not a salary, a salary because I have character as the homage, and the medical treatment of the constant amount of money is given the firefighting team activity by a day's sum unit at the time of activity (every 100 yen a day, one dispatch 7,000 yen [3]). The firefighting team where a reward is not paid to to a member of individual firefighting teams exists. The amount of money usually remains in small amount of money as a tip to the last and is approximately two thousand yen a year including the retirement bonus in a certain firefighting team. Even if I am active, and only anything participates, concerning a budget, I may perform the case beyond the upper limit of the constant number of times without pay. A big difference produces the activity reward with the value of the part-time job as much as it does not prove right for a side business. In addition, there is almost an area, the branch office where the same amount almost lets you put it as a firefighting team budget and training trip costs in the annual remuneration as the member of firefighting team substantially, and there is much form that the reward that I received once puts as 団運営費 [4]. It became clear that there was 団 suspected of it which I diverted to an expense a lot without paying to a member while receiving the local allocation tax grants to local governments for the reward from Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2014 and decided that the Fire and Disaster Management Agency which I brought into question announced the name about a corps of the outstanding payment [3].

The member has an image that physical strength is found, but it is not necessary to have the robust body. It is a part of the activity as local inhabitants and is said regardless of the superiority and inferiority of the body and motor nerves enough to the last if I do the activity that accepted the ability of the individual.

I am killed or injured during government affairs and can receive constant compensation as government affairs disaster when the nature of disease is given for government affairs. When frequency not to participate in activity without sufficient reason is too high, I assume it official suggestion resignation as so-called "ghost member", or the case to dismiss often happens. But in late years the office worker members increase, too, and the standard is loose. There is sufficient reason, and it may be said that it is usual that the member whom I can contact beforehand is recognized as an excellent member regardless of an attendance.

There is the place to make a retirement age in the regulations and an agreement depending on a firefighting team, but the leadership, a tradition of sufficiency condition and the area community of the young group greatly influence member invitation, and, as for the age setting of the retirement age, 30 generations - 70 generations and an area difference are big. There is the firefighting team abolishing an age-limit system even if I establish a retirement age in the past because it is short of members [5]. 　

Education for the member of firefighting team

For the education of the member of firefighting team, there is an opportunity of various education including the everyday training including the first designation training. The list of following classes, training is the main example.

The training, class [6] for the member of firefighting team
Division Training, class name Training purpose Enforcement time Target person
Qualification class First aid treatment instructor class To plan improvement and knowledge, the technical spread for the first aid treatment of local inhabitants of instruction technologies about the first aid treatment 16 hours Member of non-acquisition
Qualification class Member of first aid treatment spread class To plan improvement and knowledge, the technical spread for the first aid treatment of local inhabitants of instruction technologies about the first aid treatment 24 hours Member of non-acquisition
Qualification class The second grade small size ship pilot class To carry out a firefighting by earthquake disaster, flood disaster, rescue operation, the 可搬 pump loading when an abnormal flood was generated by the cooperation with the fire department corps (lifeboat) 4th Member in less than director without the license
Qualification class Scholar of 可搬 pump maintenance qualification exception class To plan the check of 可搬 pump and others, knowledge necessary for maintenance and the technical acquisition, and to carry out the instruction of the maintenance technology for the member of self-firefighting team 1st 可搬 pump maintenance experience is a member of non-acquisition in three years or more
The outside engine training The Fire and Disaster Management College head department training To let you learn necessary knowledge and a technique as a senior leader of the firefighting team in general education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Fire and Disaster Management Agency Fire and Disaster Management College generally, and to plan improvement of the nature 7th The head of non-attendance or the vice-head
The outside engine training The association of firefighting firefighting team official special training in Japan 消防団の災害対応能力の向上と活性化を図るため、消防団幹部に対し特別研修を行い、消防団の指導者を養成するため 7th The head of non-attendance or the vice-head
The outside engine training 日本消防協会消防団幹部候補中央特別研修 消防団の幹部候補として期待される若い団員を対象に、将来の消防団幹部を養成するため 3日 30歳以下の主に拝命5年以下の団員
The outside engine training 国土交通省関東地方整備局主催水防技術講習 水防団員が出水時における水防活動を円滑に実施するため、水防団員の水防技術の指導を実施するため 2日 水防の任務を兼ねる消防団（東京消防庁管内の消防団）における未受講の分団長
消防学校研修 上級幹部研修 消防団組織における上級幹部として必要な見識と管理・監督能力の習得を図るため 4時間 団長及び副団長
消防学校研修 指揮幹部研修 消防団組織における中級幹部として必要な知識及び部下指導・指揮能力の習得を図るため 2日 未受講の分団長及び副分団長、部長
消防学校研修 初級幹部研修 消防団組織における初級幹部として必要な知識及び部下指導・指揮能力の習得を図るため 7時間 Group leader
消防学校研修 機関科研修 緊急走行及び機関運用らを行う際に必要な知識・技術の習得を図るため 7時間 未受講の団員（機関員）
消防学校研修 警防科研修 消火、救助及び震災時における消防活動を行う際に必要な知識・技術の習得を図るため 7時間 未受講の部長

上記に見るとおり、消防団員には応急手当普及員、2級小型船舶操縦士、可搬消防ポンプ等整備資格者などの資格取得に向けた講習が設置されている。 なお、東京都区部の事例では中級幹部研修の修了者には指導員章が、応急手当普及員講習の修了者には応急手当普及員章が交付される[7]。

消防団員に対する特例措置

さらに、消防団員はその職務の性質上、消防防災に関して高い専門性を有するので、消防防災関連資格の取得において、必要な試験の受検及び講習の受講要件の全部または一部の免除を受けることができる。

例えば、危険物取扱者及び消防設備士の資格取得には所定の試験科目を受験することになるが、消防団員として5年以上勤務し、かつ、都道府県消防学校において一定の教育（普通教育又は専科教育の警防科）を修了した者は、消防団長の証明を受けることにより、一部の試験科目の受験を免除されることを得る。

また、防火管理者および防災管理者の資格取得には防火管理者資格講習の受講が必要であるが、消防団員として指導監督する職にある者(班長以上の階級に適用)に三年以上勤務する者は消防団長の証明を受けることで自動的に資格を取得することができると同時に自衛消防業務講習修了等有資格者としてみなされる。

さらに、消防団員となり8年以上勤務した者は、防火対象物点検資格者講習の受講資格が得られる。

消防団員に対する表彰制度

消防団員への叙位は下記の条件による。

  • ①消防歴が30年以上の者であり、かつ、いずれかの条件を満たす者。
    • ア　日本消防協会の会長、副会長、あるいは都道府県消防協会の会長の職を10年以上、歴任した者
    • イ　大規模の消防団(500人以上)の団長の職に10年以上在籍し、かつ、日本消防協会の会長、役員、評議員、または都道府県消防協会の役員を10年以上歴任した者　
    • ウ　消防団長の職に20年以上在職し、かつ、消防歴30年以上の者
    • エ　消防団長の職に10年以上20年未満在職した者にあっては、副団長の在職年数の2分の1を加算して得た年数が20年以上で、かつ消防歴が40年以上の者

消防団員の叙勲は下記の条件による。

  • 春秋叙勲
    • 叙勲候補者
    • ア　70歳以上
    • イ　55歳以上の者で次の条件に該当する者
      • (ア)精神的または肉体的に著しく労苦の多い環境において業務に精励した者
      • (イ)人目につきにくい分野にあって多年にわたり業務に精励した者
    • 選考基準
    • Ⅰ類　
    • 団長の階級に10年以上在職し、かつ、団長の在職年月数に副団長以下の在職年月数を加算した年月数が15年以上の者であることなお、市町村合併に伴い、合併前に団長の職にあり、本人の責によらず副団長に降格となった者について、団長歴が5年以上の場合、合併後副団長歴を団長歴に加算することができる。
    • Ⅱ類
    • 次に掲げる条件を満たすこと
    • (ア)団長の階級の在職年数が10年未満の者又は副団長の階級の在職年数が10年以上の者　　消防歴30年以上
    • (イ)副団長の階級の在職期間が10年未満の者又は分団長若しくは副分団長の階級にあった者　　消防歴35年以上
    • (ウ)部長の階級に40年以上あった者(但し、特別な功績のある者に限る)　　消防歴40年
  • 死亡叙勲
    • 団長の職に10年以上在職した者若しくは副団長の在職年数が10年未満の者にあっては、消防歴を通算して40年以上の者
    • 副団長の在職年数が10年以上の者又は団長の在職年数が10年未満の者にあっては消防歴を通算して30年以上の者
    • 分団長又は副分団長の者若しくは副団長の在職年数が10年未満の者については、消防歴を通算して40年以上の者

以上、死亡の日から2週間以内に上申すること。

  • 緊急叙勲
    • 風水害、地震災害、その他非常災害に際し、身命の危険を冒して、人命を救助し、被害を最小限度に防除する等消防任務遂行中顕著な功労を挙げた者で、殉職者を中心に消防団員、消防吏員及び消防協力者に授与される。なお、事案発生の都度、早急に報告すること。
    • 藍綬褒章　多年消防業務に従事し、その功労が顕著な55歳以上の現職消防団員が対象
    • 黄綬褒章　消防関係業務に精励し衆民の模範である者が対象
    • 紺綬褒章　消防関係団体に一定の金額(個人500万円)以上の寄附を行った者
    • 紅綬褒章　火災等に際し、身を挺して人命救助に尽力した者を対象
    • 内閣総理大臣表彰[11]

国民安全の日に、閣議了解に基づき、安全功労者表彰と防災功労者表彰が行われ表彰状と記念品が授与される。

    • 安全功労者表彰　火災等、主として人為的災害から国民の生命、身体、財産の安全に確保に関して、国民の安全に対する運動の組織及び運営に顕著な成績を挙げ、または功績のあった者
    • 防災功労者表彰　風水害、地震裸等の自然現象による防災活動について顕著な功績があった者や防災技術の研究開発など防災思想の普及又は防災体制の整備に顕著な功績があった者
    • 総務大臣表彰　

総務大臣表彰要領に基づき、広く地域消防のリーダーとして地域社会の安全確保、防災思想の普及、消防施設の整備その他の災害防御に関する対策の実施に尽力し、功績顕著な者[12]　

    • 消防庁長官表彰

総務省消防庁消防表彰規程に基づく[13] 　

・顕彰状（殉職団員に対する表彰）・感謝状・賞状

    • 都道府県知事表彰 - 功労章、永年勤続功労章、感謝状、知事褒賞など
    • 市町村長表彰 - 成績優良章、功労章その他…（地域において差異あり）
    • 消防長表彰 - 消防総監功績賞・消防総監優良賞（東京消防庁管内での適用）消防長章、その他
    • 消防署長表彰 - 優良賞その他…
    • 消防団長表彰 - 優良賞その他…
    • 日本消防協会表彰 - 永年勤続功労章・功労章・功績章・優良章などの記章。
    • 都道府県消防協会表彰 - 功労章・優良章などの記章その他（協会によって差異あり）
    • 市郡町村消防協会表彰 - 功労章・優良章などの記章その他（協会によって差異あり）

※全国消防団員の意見発表会の最優秀者には、消防庁長官から最優秀賞が授与される。

なお、消防団員として功労を残した人に、名誉消防団員の称号を授与する地方自治体もある。さらに、東京都の特別区消防団のように制服に表彰受彰歴をあらわす、表彰歴章の佩用を許可する消防団もある。

退職消防団員の称号

一部の消防団では功労消防団員（消防団長含む）に対し、退団に際して称号を授与する制度を設置している例もある。

  • 名誉消防団長（名誉団長） - 兵庫県赤穂市消防団、兵庫県尼崎市消防団、兵庫県伊丹市消防団、宮城県村田町消防団、北海道美唄市消防団、北海道月形消防団が設置。
  • 名誉消防団員（名誉団員） - 岡山県岡山市消防団、岡山県玉野市消防団、石川県小松市消防団が設置。

消防団員の服制

消防団員の服制は、消防団を設置する市町村によって差異がある。以下では、基本的な服制について概説する。主に式典や警戒活動時、表彰時に着用する制服の冬服・夏服、活動服（旧称は作業服）、盛夏服が基本であり、火災出動時には活動服の上に消防服及び保安帽を着用する（消防服は常備消防に比べアルミ箔のような銀色の艶がある物であり、保安帽の帽章やベルトバックルのマークが消防団章なので識別可能）。気候や気温などの状況に応じて制服の上にはコート、活動服の上には防寒着を着用する。また、雨天の場合には、雨具を着用する。但し、地域により制服の支給がある場合、階級により制服の貸与対象が制限されている場合、貸与がない場合などがあり、必ずしも一律ではない。

  • 制服着用時の服制は、所定の記章を佩用の上(後述する)、白手袋をし、短靴を履く。
  • 活動服着用時の服制は、所定の記章を佩用の上、必要に応じ軍手をし、半長靴を履く。
  • ズボンのベルトは、消防団にて貸与されている所定のベルトを用いる。ちなみに、ベルトについては制服・活動服とも同じものを用いる。

その他、刺子の法被を着用する消防団も多くある（制服や活動服は分団長以上のみで、団員は法被が義務の団もある）。これは、消防団の興りが町火消に由来する為である（「消防団員服制基準」では法被を「乙種衣」と呼んでいる）。

消防団員の佩用する記章

消防団員の佩用する記章には以下のものがある。

基本的に着用する服の種別を問わず、佩用するものは、制帽・作業帽・保安帽につける帽章（消防団章）である。 また、制服着用時には右胸に階級章を佩用する。活動服にも階級章を佩用する例はあるが、全国的には一律ではない。その他、制服・活動服の左胸に名札を佩用する場合もある。

階級章については、総務省消防庁消防団員階級準則に定められる階級の基本型即ち団長・副団長・分団長・副分団長・部長・班長・団員の7種がある。但し、庶務部長の階級・役職を置く場合、副団長の階級章より消防団章の数をひとつ減じたものを定めている消防団もある。上級分団長の階級を置く消防団についてはほぼ分団長と同じ階級章を用いている。 ラッパ隊を編成する消防団にあっては、襟章のみの階級章を定めているのが通例である。

主に制服の場合、消防団長の任にある団員または表彰等の受彰団員(受賞団員)については、制服に肩章と飾緒を着用する例もある。

また、指導員の講習を受けた者は制服・活動服に指導員章、応急手当普及員の講習を受けた者は応急手当普及員章、水防演習や機関員講習等に参加・受講した者は水防指導員章等を佩用し、その他特別技能章を佩用する消防団もある。

また、消防団員が栄典や表彰を受けた場合、勲章・褒章の他、地方公共団体・消防本部・消防署・消防団が消防関係団体その他の関係機関が授与した表彰記章を佩用することができる。 さらに、国や地方公共団体または消防関連団体が授与・頒布した記念章を佩用できる場合もある。

その他、主に東京都特別区の消防団員は制服着用時に表彰歴章を佩用することができる。但し、表彰歴章を佩用した場合、佩用できる表彰記章は二つまでとなる。 また、財団法人日本消防協会では、分団長以上の消防団幹部には職章を制定しており、自身の階級に相当する職章を佩用することができる。消防団員章という記章を制定しており、団員たる者は私服等に佩用することができる。これらは、日本消防協会の頒布品であるため、佩用はあくまで任意であり、入手するためには消防団を通じて当該協会より購入することとなる。日本消防会館や日本消防協会など。

基本団員と機能別消防団員、団員数の傾向

全体的な傾向から述べると、日本全国の消防団員数はピーク時には200万人を超えたが、2010年時点でおよそ80万人となっており、全体的に減少傾向が続いている[15]。

消防団員の担い手は地域の住民や地域コミュニティを大切に思う人々が中心となっているが、戦後そして近年、人々の職業のサラリーマン化[注 1]や核家族化が進行し、消防団の基盤ともいうべき地域コミュニティそのものが全般的に衰退傾向にあることもあり、団員数の減少傾向が続いている。また、災害も多様化した。

総務省消防庁では、こうした社会情勢に対応すべく、通常の消防団員を基本団員としつつ、女性消防団員や機能別消防団員など多様な年齢・性別・職種・技能・事情を有した人々の参加を得られる制度を次々に創設し、消防団員制度の多様化を図ることで、地域防災力の担い手としての消防団の活性化を図っている。以下は消防団員の主な類型である。

尚、2011年の東日本大震災の際に消防団員らの献身的な活動により多くの人々の生命が救われたことが人々に知られるようになり、消防団員に志願する人の数が例年よりもいくらか増えた地域もあるという[16]。

消防団員（基本団員）

通常の消防団員のことを指す。消火・水防・救急・予防・式典などすべての消防団活動に参加する。 大規模災害に対する不安の高まりの中で、地域の主たる自主防災力である消防団員に対しては行政並びに地域から大いに期待されているところであるが、現状において社会全体に占めるサラリーマン人口の増加で団員獲得が難しく、サラリーマンを続けながら参加する、いわゆるサラリーマン団員も増えたことで、日常の活動になかなか参加できない割合も高い[注 2]。

女性消防団員（女性団員）

原則として活動及び身分保障等において基本団員に同じ。女性団員とも。現在、消防庁が全国的に団員定員の10%まで女性の割合を増やそうとする方針を打ち出している。平成に入るまで女性の入団を許可していなかった消防団が大半で全体で見れば比較的新しい制度である。

男性団員との違いは、男性団員が災害時の活動を期待されるのに対して、女性団員は火災予防・応急手当・地域交流・消防団活動の普及啓発を主に期待されている。近年、一人暮らしの高齢者の増加に伴い高齢者宅に訪問して火災予防啓発や簡単な身の回りの世話などをホームヘルパーの資格を取得している女性消防団員が訪問活動を行っている。また実際、消火活動用の防火着を支給しないところもある。

2004年の時点で、1万3,148人即ち全国消防団員のうちの1.4%を占め、女性消防団員を採用する消防団は1,017団つまり全体の28.9%に及び、全都道府県に浸透している。女性だけで特定の活動に特化した一個分団ないし部隊、部或いは班を編成している事例もあることから、その意味では機能別消防団員的な側面を有するともいえる。普及啓発専門の鼓笛・吹奏楽・ドリル隊などもある。

機能別消防団員(機能別団員)

普及啓発に特化した音楽隊・ラッパ隊・ドリル隊や能力や性別により特定の活動にのみ参加する事を決められた団員の事。 近年の人員不足の影響で、昼夜を限定した活動や特定の災害種別にのみ活動し基本団員を補完する事が検討されている。（詳細→機能別消防団員）


関連項目

注・出典

[ヘルプ]

注

  1. ^ 自営業者と比べるとサラリーマンは、職場が居住地とは離れた場所にあることが多く、平日は夜まで地元にほとんどおらず、組織による拘束時間も長く、概して消防団の訓練に参加が困難な傾向が強い。
  2. ^ 加えて不要な式典や不合理な訓練方法、旧態依然とした軍隊式の体質を嫌い、地縁の深い地方をわざと離れて住む者も多い。

出典

  1. ^ TBS『ひるおび!』調べ。2011年6月21日放送
  2. ^ 平成20年 消防白書 第2章 第2節 ア
  3. ^ a b 総務省消防庁、報酬払わない消防団公表　待遇改善促す 日本経済新聞（共同通信）2014年2月15日
  4. ^ 神奈川新聞2009年2月4日記事 川崎市における報酬取扱いの例
  5. ^ 消防団：５５歳・年齢制限を撤廃　条例改正で新年度から－－名張市　／三重毎日新聞 伊賀版 2010年1月29日付記事 2010年2月閲覧
  6. ^ 東京消防庁編『消防団員ハンドブック』(東京消防庁、2012年) 19頁参照。
  7. ^ 東京消防庁前掲書(東京消防庁、2012年) 30頁参照。
  8. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会編『全訂消防団員実務必携』(東京法令、2010年)21頁、消防表彰事務研究会編『消防表彰事務の手引』(東京法令、2008年)6頁～24頁参照。
  9. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会前掲書(東京法令、2010年)2前掲書1頁～22頁、消防表彰事務研究会前掲書(東京法令、2008年)26頁～82頁参照。
  10. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会前掲書(東京法令、2010年)22頁、消防表彰事務研究会前掲書(東京法令、2008年)84頁～110頁参照。
  11. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会前掲書(東京法令、2010年)23頁参照。
  12. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会前掲書(東京法令、2010年)23頁、消防表彰事務研究会前掲書(東京法令、2008年)112頁～182頁参照。
  13. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会前掲書(東京法令、2010年)23頁、消防表彰事務研究会前掲書(東京法令、2008年)112頁～182頁参照。
  14. ^ 消防学校消防団員教育研究会前掲書(東京法令、2010年)25頁、消防表彰事務研究会前掲書(東京法令、2008年)184頁～199頁参照。
  15. ^ TBS『ひるおび!』調べ。2011年6月21日放送
  16. ^ TBS『ひるおび!』調べ。2011年6月21日放送

参照文献

東京消防庁編『消防団員ハンドブック』(東京消防庁、2012年)

外部リンク

「https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=消防団員&oldid=59972801」から取得

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