Laws and ordinances of カリシュ
The charter that "general charter (generally known as "カリシュ method" (Statut kaliski).) about the Jewish freedom" was promulgated in カリシュ on September 8, 1264 by Prince great ボレスワフ piety of Poland. This charter became the grounds of the Polish Jewish legal position, and a self-government organization by the Yiddish speaker who could say with "the nation in the nation" was in this way founded. This charter continued until the third Poland division of 1795. Only a Jewish court will handle the case about the Jew by this charter and will handle it about the case that a Christian associates with a Jew separately in an independent court. These laws and ordinances guaranteed Jewish security and personal freedom at the same time and Polish Jews in this way protected in peace their faith and did business and were able to travel. The laws and ordinances of カリシュ are approved king カジミェシュ fourth some other time each in 1539 in カジミェシュ third the Great, 1453 in 1334 by king Sigmund first.
Summary
The following extracted laws and ordinances of constructed カリシュ from 64 chapters in total and summarized it:
1. When a Christian wants to accuse a Jew by a crime even if it is any matter, I need the testimony by two Christians and two Jews worth trust worth trust, and otherwise the accusation is not accepted.
2. As for the Jew, the fact that there is for a suit is freed from the accusation of the Christian if a Christian refuses even the solemn pledge that the Jew performs when I insist when a Jew denies it though the person was able to have a mortgage without declining without permission, and a Jew charges his assets which a Christian is shown in with securities by performing the oath that there is not. (as for the oath of the falsehood, it is the grave offense that sometimes deserves the death penalty translation with notes)
7. When a Jew and a Christian perform a quarrel by the violence, only the official of the Jewish self-government organization to the agent judge this, and, as for the judge of the city, a consul or the person named other state of things cannot judge this matter, too either. In addition, a Jew participates in the court.
12. When a Christian inflicts an injury on a Jew in the wake of the quarrel between a Christian and Jews, I pay half of movable property and the real estate which 5 marks (Poland markka), a terrible bruise own for 10 marks, an injury with the terrible bloodshed for the injury that it was possible for for the injury of a chin and the finger to a Jew as consolation money.
13. When a Christian kills a Jew, the death penalty by the principle with "a head is applied to a head".
16. When a Jew visits the house of the Christian, the Christian interferes with the Jew intentionally and puts you to inconvenience and must not annoy him.
17. It is free, and, as for the Jew, it is guaranteed along each city and local laws and ordinances without all obstacles what I perform safely to move to the vehicle from the city if there is it in our territory when movement from a city, the district to the districts will be foot. Furthermore, as for the Jew in our territory, it is guaranteed that I carry the thing which he including a product, the property owns it and buys and sells it and changes from a city, the district to the district by freedom without all obstacles safely from the city. The Jew can stay in the inside of the city depending on own circumstances by freedom without all obstacles freely about for security and the period. The sum of tax and utilities to pay to a city and the town is identical to an amount of money that a Christian pays, and, in addition, the special payment duty does not produce it on this occasion for the authorities.
20. When I own an inn on our territory, and a Jew runs it, they slaughter a sheep and a cow and may use the meat for duties even if it is any city and town. If there is the thing which does not fit Jewish customs among those meat, the Jew may sell it by a method thought to be the oneself appropriateness elsewhere.
22. When a Christian performs carelessness to sneer a synagogue and a blasphemy, the Christian pays pepper of 2 Taranto (approximately 50 kg) to the authorities as a fine.
29. When the Christian who does not note it even if I do not read various kinds of laws and ordinances or read breaks into a Jewish house for an article, such a Christian is considered to be a general thief to robbery.
30. Even if it is any case, the Christian must not summon a Jew by any summons order again in the court which a Christian opens. The Jew must give no testimony in front of a judge in the court of the Christian. On the other hand, the applicable Jew appears before an official appointed for the handling of this case in particular. I forbid that the official defends a Jew and the Jew accepts it for the summons from the court of the Christian.
39. When I am prosecuted, it is said that this act is not what you should blame in laws and ordinances of Pope インノケンティウス, but this Christian must put up worth Jewish bourgeoise and four Christians for three trust to live in on our territory as a witness saying that a Jew used the equipment of the blood of the Christian to the heritage by a Christian for a ceremony of the Judaism when it is an illegal act by the Polish law, and it is a Christian that accused to prove accusation contents. When Jewish guilt is settled, this Jew is sentenced to death by the testimony of these witnesses. Conversely, this Christian is charged with a crime when the Christian of the whistle-blower cannot prove a Jewish illegal act.
Exhibition
In the 1920s, 彩飾 did the miniature edition of laws and ordinances of カリシュ with 45 pieces of Arthur chic (Artur Szyk, 1894-1951) gouache watercolors of the social campaigner in Jewish Polish artists. In addition, the laws and ordinances of カリシュ were written in Latin, but Schick translated this for Polish, Hebrew, Yiddish, Italian, German, English, Spanish. I went around it in ウッチ, Warsaw, Krakow, the Polish whole country including カリシュ in 1929, and the miniature edition of Schick was displayed. The exhibition of the miniature edition of Schick was held in American New York in Canadian Toronto in London of the U.K. in 14 cities of Poland in Genoa, Italy in 1941 in 1940 in 1933 in 1932 in 1931 by public support of the Polish government. In the outside by the support of the Polish government, an exhibition is held in New York for 1974-75 years in 1952 for 1,944 years. Part 500 is published as an attributive luxurious book for collectors from Éditions de la Table Rode de Paris of Paris in 1932. The original picture of Schick is stored now in a Jewish museum of New York.
References
- Ivo Cyprian Pogonowski, Jews in Poland. A Documentary History, Hippocrene Books, Inc., 1998, ISBN 0-7818-0604-6.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Laws and ordinances of カリシュ
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