2016년 12월 1일 목요일

Keicho era Sanriku earthquake

Keicho era Sanriku earthquake

The earthquake that the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake (けいちょうさんりくじしん) attacked (Keicho era October 28, 16), current Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi on December 2, 1611. Is various opinions about the seismic center and the scale of the earthquake (the details mention it later); [note 1].

Table of contents

Summary

It is recorded with a massive tsunami (local time) at (about 2:00 p.m.) at time in (Keicho era October 28, 16), 巳刻過 ぎ (10-11:00) major earthquake, lunch eight on December 2, 1611. It was in "武藤六上衛門所蔵古大書" with "大地震三度仕" and would greatly shake three times. The Vizcaino and others exploring Japan meet with an earthquake and a tsunami during the surveying of the Oshu coast and have the record in those days [1].

It has been thought that the wave source area of the tsunami is approximately piled up with Sanriku earthquake of (1933) of the Showa era in 1933, but in late years and various opinions different appear.

In this earthquake, the current Sanriku Coast whole area was hit by a severe earthquake, but the seismic intensity in the Pacific side coast is estimated with around 4-5, and there is little damage caused by the earthquake and is estimated with a tsunami earthquake because the damage caused by the tsunami was big [2]; [3]. The tsunami damage caused by this earthquake is called "Keicho era Sanriku seismic sea wave" or "Keicho era Sanriku tsunami". Furthermore, it was thought with a tsunami earthquake in the same way seven years before this earthquake, and there was the Keicho era earthquake that the neighborhood of trough gathering of Tokai, the southeast sea, south seas or Izu, Ogasawara trench [4], others were assumed the seismic center.

In addition, the word "Sanriku" did not exist in those days when an earthquake was generated.

Seismic center

It is estimated that it occurred in current (the neighborhood of Japan Trough) in northern Sanriku offing. In addition, some raises the question about the position of the seismic center from tsunami arrival having passed after maximum of the earthquake vibration for about 2-4 hours (records of ancient documents in current Miyagi) [5].

When the crustal movement that occurred first near the Chishima trench of the northern territories offing from the Hokkaido east offing north than Shikotan and Eastern Hokkaido, Southern Hokkaido (Mori-machi, Hokkaido), the northern part of Sanriku, the northern part of Sanriku offing where the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake was a conventional seismic center estimate place because it amounts to the southern part of Sanriku and the range of approximately 1,500km is more likely to be the giant earthquake that developed in conjunction with neighboring focal regions, tsunami sediment of the early 17th century estimates Kazuomi Hirakawa of the Hokkaido University special appointment professor [5]. Furthermore, the record that occurred twice estimates a big tsunami from the things that there is not for the same period after it is thought that a tsunami of 15-20m arrived at the tsunami trace discovered in thing of the early 17th century and estimated East Hokkaido according to the opinion which Hirakawa announced by specialized magazine "science" (January 26, 2012 publication) if the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake is very likely to be the earthquake of the M9 scale to be able to put along Chishima trench [6].

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology assumed cause of the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake more than M8.9 off Tokachi, Hokkaido, Nemuro in May, 2012 [7].

In addition, I have a plate border type earthquake from the consideration of the record of "事 4 or 5 degrees to sound a priest of Joanji in "a major earthquake took place three times" "description of by "武藤六上衛門所蔵古大書" Miyako origin" in the Sanriku offing at about 9:00 a.m. to finish going high of the sea" and it follows it and has an outer rise type normal fault earthquake at about 14:00, and there is the opinion which caused a massive tsunami this. A small tsunami generated by a first plate border type earthquake is equivalent to a record, "a tide color is abnormal" by "駿府記", and, as for the sea rumble, even outer rise type normal fault earthquake and done Showa Sanriku earthquake are recorded [8].

Damage

The tsunami is estimated with [9] that was height about a maximum of 20m in Taro and Ofunato.

Spanish adventurer Sebastian ピスカイノ is navigating the northeastern coast and meets with a massive tsunami around Okirai, Ofunato-shi, and the record that it is hardly drained the house of the village, and approximately 50 died remains in Rikuzentakata-shi Imaizumi [10].

According to "利胤君御年譜" [note 2], it is said, "700 people are washed down for a tsunami in the Soma territory and died". In addition, the damage in Sendai feudal clan and the Morioka feudal clan is listed, too [11].

The tsunami attacks it at the current Sanriku coast and the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, and the record called "man and horse dead thing more than 3,000" is left even for dead person 1,783 ("Asano old news 裒 straw" [note 3]) (there is the record of "駿府記" called 5,000 dead people in Date territory, too.[12]), the shore of the southern feudal clan, Tsugaru feudal clan in Sendai feudal clan territory ("駿府記"). A large number of dead people appeared including Ainu in Hokkaido ("Fukuyama strong room" "history of Hokkaido").

"駿府記" I send two samurais to catch the first cod to give to には Masamune Date, and the fishing person and others that とて sailed out fishing in meet a tsunami without "I receive the main life, and it is a line, or 誣 does you as for the colander, stopping" although I showed disapproval saying that a tide color is abnormal, and the fishing person and others drifted near a one thousand kan pine of Yamagami named the place of incarnation of the fishing person, but there is it when one house was washed away without remaining [1]. "松平陸奥守政宗献初鱈, 就之政宗領所海涯人屋, 波涛大漲来, 悉流失, drowned person 5,000, 世曰津波云々" in this "駿府記" are assumed the description of the phrase oldest "tsunami" which documents show.

It is said that the farmer of the Natori county submitted a monkey top form of the tribute to the prefect of the Sendai feudal clan without being able to harvest rice after Keicho era Sanriku tsunami even if approximately ten years pass by damage from salt breeze in Sendai plains [13].

There are some places where tradition to come from a tsunami of this time is had for the place name. Was erected in the place approximately 5.5 kilos away from the shore in Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai-shi of Miyagi in 1702; there is "a Shinto shrine for a wave". I am informed this name when I show what a tsunami is divided into the two groups at these outskirts and subtracted [14]. Similarly a hill named 招又 (I invite it and wait) is in Syobutahama (I receive a pig to carry) of Shichigahama-machi of Miyagi. When there was it because people who evacuated beckoned this place name saying "こっちさ come", I am informed it [15].

Scale

Scale by the seismic intensity distribution

M8.1 was given the magnitude based on the estimated seismic intensity distribution as MK = 6.5 by 河角廣 (1951) [16], but I may be slightly greatly given the value of the river corner in comparison with Sanriku earthquake of the Showa era, but do Tatsuo Usami (1970) when I cannot assert [17]. M8.1 is adopted by the documents which wave source level of the tsunami overlaps with Sanriku earthquake of the Showa era and resembles plural for [18] [19]. When M9 class earthquake occurs from an estimated distortion stockpile on a plate border on the Pacific side of the Tohoku district once in approximately 440 years, Kazuoki Koketsu [20](2011) calculates it as a test and does it when Jogan earthquake and the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake are given to the candidate [21].

That if the northern territories offing links from the Hokkaido offing so that Hirakawa insists, and occurred (the said article), the scale of the earthquake greatly exceeds M8.1 said to be it conventionally; estimated (because the placement of the seismic center in the estimated seismic intensity distribution becomes the distant place); [the source required]. In addition, I estimate it with the super giant earthquake of the M9 scale to be able to put along Chishima trench by the opinion which Hirakawa who mentioned above announced in specialized magazine "science" in the same way [6].

That Associate Professor Yuichi Ebina of the Tohoku University disaster scientific international research institute estimates it from the scale of the tsunami of 18 spots with thought M8.4-8.7 and should dissolve with "Keicho era Ou seismic sea wave" [22].

Scale of the tsunami

Akitsune Imamura does the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake along with Jogan earthquake from the folklore that damage comes to a thing equal to Hokkaido, the Sanriku Coast when I exceed Meiji Sanriku earthquake in the most fierce thing in the scale of the tsunami [23]. I estimate it to be Keicho era Sanriku tsunami 20m, Meiji Sanriku tsunami 14.5m, Sanriku tsunami 6m of the Showa era by the comparison of the amount of tsunami going up in Taro village beach (existing Miyako-shi). A wave reaches previously-mentioned village Oura in the Funakoshi village Otari birds (existing Yamada-machi) again; when reached 25m because turned the corner, was estimated, and was Meiji Sanriku tsunami 17.2m, Showa Sanriku tsunami 12m here. Furthermore, the Keicho era Sanriku tsunami let you flood from the shore to distance of 2,100m in Orikasa-mura (existing Yamada-machi) and, on the other hand, was Meiji Sanriku tsunami 1,100m, Showa Sanriku tsunami 700m [24].

The record of the person who testified, "a tsunami flocked" at the place of the Saru Kawanaka basin of West Hokkaido remains in the legend of the Ainu race. According to the analysis of Yoshinobu Tsuji, the amount of going up of the tsunami reaches 63m, and it is considered that I surpassed 50m in two places. These exceed 43.3m by the observation history biggest 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake in Japan. I am estimated with the after 17th century in the generation when it occurred and am very likely to be the tsunami caused by the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake [25].

I extended the dislocation model of the Sanriku earthquake of the Showa era 60km from the fact that a tsunami was higher in than Sanriku earthquake of the Showa era in the southern part in the south side, and earthquake moment M0 = 6.9*1,021N, m (Mw 8.5) was estimated by 245km in length and the estimate of the dislocation model that I did, but this was a normal fault type earthquake and the model that supposed [26]. However, said that to hang the normal fault-shaped earthquake in the plate off Boso from the northern part of Sanriku offing and may be calculated with around one time of outbreak altogether for 750 years, and, from the estimate of the total moment of the normal fault model earthquake to be generated in a subduction zone on the earth, the earthquake between the plate of the reverse fault close to a trench and thinking one are proper [27].

It was estimated by the record that a ship was drained into to the foot of the one thousand kan mountain along Abukuma River of Iwanuma-shi, Miyagi in 1 more than one ri (approximately 4km) inland than the shore at the time when it considerably went up to the inland, and it exceeded the tsunami of the Ansei Hachinohe offing earthquake (Ansei three years) in a scale much more in generous politics earthquake (generous politics five years), 1856 in age of an emperor Hachinohe offing earthquake (age of an emperor 12 years), 1793 in Enpo era Hachinohe offing earthquake, Enpo era earthquake (Enpo era five years), 1763 in 1677 when it occurred in the Edo era, and it attacked the Sanriku coast [28], and it was shown in the Sendai plains from distribution of the tsunami sediment more that the range that was at least wider than Showa Sanriku earthquake was flooded [29].

The high Ose (overwhelm Takao) remains were in Shimonogo, Iwanuma-shi, Miyagi that entered the 1.2km inland at the shore, and therefore a trench investigation was performed in 2013, and a layer of the tsunami sediment considered that there was it in the case of Keicho era earthquake was discovered.

Because almost none of Oshu Highway and the post towns of the Rikuzen-Hama Highway was flooded in the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake tsunami, ancient people experience Keicho era tsunami early in the Edo era, and this is estimated even if is the result that maintained a highway based on the lesson [30]; [31]. In the Otani shore of Kesennuma-shi, Miyagi, six pieces of tsunami sedimentation layer containing the tsunami sediment of the Jogan earthquake is discovered in the stratum for the past 6000 years, and the top layer is estimated with the thing caused by the Keicho era Sanriku tsunami [32]. Furthermore, without the early 17th century and seen tsunami sediment being found in the Tokachi, Hokkaido district coast [33], and [34], the serious tsunami damage in the Sanriku coast being known only to this Keicho era Sanriku tsunami; caused by this tsunami is said that is promising [35]. Hirakawa investigates the tsunami sediment afterwards in each place; Shikotan [5], Nemuro district [36], Kushiro district [37], Southern Hokkaido (confirm the early 17th century and seen tsunami sediment in Gulf of Mori-machi, Hokkaido 〈 cove 〉) [5], Higashidori-mura, Aomori [38].

In "a long term evaluation of the seismic activity from Sanriku offing off Boso to evaluate the possibility of the earthquake occurrence as of 2009 by Headquarters for Promotion of earthquake research," the Jogan earthquake thought to be the maximum was excluded from the object of the evaluation in history of record saying that I lacked a document, and the Keicho era Sanriku earthquake to approach in this on the scale of the tsunami was handling as "the major earthquake (tsunami earthquake) between the plate close to the trench of the Boso offing from the northern part of Sanriku offing" that around three times occurred for 400 years [27]. There is the movement that I reexamine this Keicho era Sanriku tsunami and inspect again [39].

The natural disaster that outbreak time is close in

I refer to "Keicho era major earthquake" and "the Sanriku offing earthquake"

In addition, when Mount Usu erupted in Keicho era October, 16, "savage in the eastern provinces diary" and "Hokkaido will" include it, but it is said that it is doubtful because they cannot confirm it about this eruption in other historical materials [1].

Footnote

[Help]

Explanatory note

  1. At the ^ end of 2012, the magnitude of the Keicho era Oshu earthquake (1611) is estimated to be 8.5+ α. (in discussion (latter part) "people Arata Hirakawa others / Michihisa Hotate who lived in the disaster chain of islands you learned, and what you turned to how from the history of the disaster", Ryuichi Narita supervision, Itoko Kitajima others work "history of 2000 Asahi Shimbun publication 2013 98 pages of tsunami, eruption, the Japanese Islands earthquake")
  2. Evidence of ^ Soma Nakamura feudal lord, Toshitane Soma
  3. It depends on vassal, Tadashi Mayama soldier of the Imperial Guard of ^ Sendai feudal lord, Masamune Date.

Source

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