Head start

The head start (Head Start) intended for a 4-year-old child from 3 years old of the lower-income class by the program that ministry of healthy and human service of the United States of America (Department for Health and Human Services, abbreviated designation HHS) gave from the middle of the 1960s (environmental unfortunate child). As the business that a federal government performs, it is performed on a large amount of budget scale next to the space development. Word in itself "head start" means a slender, smooth start, favorable departure, and is a program for national attendance at school help continued for a long term in the United States. It is an aim that a number to 10 be counted to understand at least alphabet before attendance at school.

Education consultation of the child before the attendance at school of the United States

As for this, it is said to provide the service that rolled up not only the education but also health, nourishment and parents in a child and a family of the lower-income class, and, in the second half of the year in 2005, children before 22 million attendance at school participate in a head start. The budget for 680 billion dollars is expended for more than 9050000 children if I say 2005 for an example for a scale. At 4 years old or further age, 43% of children are 3 years old, or, among children, 57% are lower than it. I am provided by 1,604 various programs, and the service is carried out in classrooms more than 48,000 on almost all states, all counties. It may be said that government expenditure of 7,222 dollars is accomplished for one child on the average. This is a budget scale next to the space development for the business of the federal government level. As for the paid staff who amounted to approximately 211,000, the number of people was considerably reduced by the volunteer staff for 6 times.

Table of contents

History

The head start was begun as some "fight campaigns with the poverty" of President Lyndon Johnson. As some who became the key "grand society" messages, "1964 Economic Opportunity Act" (Economic Opportunity Act of 1964) gave the start of the program that was going to meet the needs of children before the attendance at school that suffered a disadvantage socially the authorization. A specialist in child development group drafted this program in response to the request of the federal government and this program became the thing called so-called Head Start Program.

At first the station (Office of Economic Opportunity) started Head Start Program as a program of the summer vacation of 8 weeks in 1965 at an economic opportunity. This plan was come up with the idea of as a thing along the purposes that was going to make up for the poverty by providing the program was emotional, and was social or to seem to meet health and nourishment and psychological needs by children before the domestic attendance at school of the lower-income class.

The jurisdiction is moved to the child development station of the ministry of healthy education welfare (later healthy and human ministry of service, HHS) (Office of Child Development) in the Richard Nixon Administration in 1969, and the head start is a program performed in a child, a young man of HHS and an administration related to the home today afterwards. An NPO and local educational administration organization has jurisdiction over the program like a school system at the local level and runs it.

Various program

• Head start - this initial thinks about the health of the fetus before the success in life and considers healthy pregnancy life and the health of the family after the delivery and performs support for a baby, an infant to be able to grow as a newborn baby smoothly.
• I support the healthy growth, development of children of head start - lower-income class. For a program, I perform the support that has an influence on various sides of the development and the learning of the child based on the asset situation of a child and each family.
• As for emigrant and migrant worker program section - this, 滞京 does high quality service for the healthy development of the child across the frame of the country.
• Healthy care is educational, and American Indian, Alaska native program section - this perform the help of the socialization with nutritional support like service about the ladyness of the child before other attendance at school for children and the family of American Indian and the Alaska native. Originally the service took children and a baby, an infant before the attendance at school that suffered a social disadvantage into consideration and was thought.

Participation of father

When many studies are conducted after professor at existing Cambridge Univ. Michael Lamb, and father participates in a child enough, what the state of the child greatly improves becomes clear. When father participates in a child in the same way as mother enough, ability for recognition and physical ability be superior more, and, as for the child, scholastic ability improves more; physical; become healthier mentally [¹].

Various efforts, invention is performed that father participates in a program by the head start program and participates in a child positively [²] and give result [³].

Service

• As for the qualification that the service of qualification - head start is received, それぞの is local, and other qualifications such as obstacles are included in the receipt qualification of the developed program, and such service is provided to the member of the family except the child who is the person concerned again, but is based in principle on the income of the family (100% of federal poor levels). By the latter half of 2006, it is enrolled in this program, and the good chance that it is to the family with the income that 10% of families receiving financial support are more than it in standard is big.

• All of this obstacle - programs is contributed to children with the obstacle.
• As for the aim of education - head start, children registered with this program enter the school and are to help to adapt itself to learning activity there well. The standard of the education is completely made a list by a nation scholastic ability standard (national performance standard). This repeated time and became the standard of the educational program before the high quality attendance at school literally.
• Home and local cooperation - both sides promote this activity with a hand well and manage it and must evaluate it. The relation that is active from both sides is indispensable.
• Healthy - health is regarded as the element which is important to the ability that a child is brought up, and develops. The program prepares at the opportunity of the medical examination that I included an opportunity and the dental check up of the diagnosis evaluating the health of the child in every scene in. The program of all head starts supports you so that mouth care and nourishment, personal care and security are accomplished well and carries the role to advise it again.

Result

There are various discussions what kind of thing the long-term effect of the head start is. I want to give a series of characteristic remarks from a review and the report from the situation of the pro and con about a head start as follows. In a meaning to assign light to such a discussion, the Federal Congress arranges the committee meeting and lets you examine life of this business. I improve ability and mathematical ability to read through early education, and, as for the formula-like report, this at least program declares the start at the early stage of stage of the attendance at school in children who were not had mercy on at a learning opportunity environmentally when I raise result that is enough at the smooth point that I got. But the facts and it promotes the behavioral problem in the classroom of the class of children or to loosen the self-control of the action appear, and the effect of the scholastic ability support at the time of among them this attendance at school fades soon in until spring for one year, and some says that I point out that the negative effect of the lack of the restraint of the action continues all the time adversely.

However, it is what it cannot deny that children who were able to receive the benefit of the program these than the majority of other children in socially disadvantageous circumstances at the kindergarten past acquire a prop of the predominantly big scholastic ability that, and furthermore, the effect continues for a long term from here. But white children are than black children bigger, and there is the study to obtain an again longer-term educational effect in one of the child who is in a position socially disadvantageous likewise when there is the ethnic problem and compares a white, a black, children of the Hispanic.

Allied item

• SAIL intervention
• Project STAR
• Sesame Street

Footnote

1. ^ Building Blocks for Father Involvement 1 P1
2. ^ Building Blocks for Father Involvement 3 P8
3. ^ Father Involvement in Head Start and Early Head Start

Outside link

• Head Start Office (official)
• National Head Start Association (official)
• The Head Start Experience
• Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Head Start
• National Bureau of Economic Research
• SUCCESS OF HEAD START - - SCHOOL READINESS

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