Flute
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The flute (increase) points at the appliance public making a sound by a current of air. They mean "a thing to wind", and a musical instrument, a toy, a signal, a warning are used by a wide use now originally. I often point in particular to the thing of the air lead structure.
The etymology is said to be 吹柄, 吹枝 (each フキエ to Fukue), but there are many divergent views, too. The first to go out in documents is "天之鳥笛" of the Chronicles of Japan, but the detailed shapes are unidentified. I was transcribed into "輔曳" in the manyogana.
Table of contents
History
A flute was a wind instrument of the gagaku mainly, and shakuhachi, 簫 (occur) were used other than current dragon flute (dragon flute), sho, flageolet-like instrument, Kokuryo flute, kagura flute in Nara, the Heian era, too. Of these, a sho, the flageolet-like instrument come to be distinguished from the flute later. Because the kagura flute is invited to a Japanese flute, it is thought that there has been already a flute in Japan before a dragon flute and a Kokuryo flute are transmitted from the continent. In fact, the remains which are supposedly a flute are excavated from the Tenri-shi, Nara star mound one old burial mound (last part of Burial Mound age). But this has many points unlike the shape of the flute after the Nara era, too.
Various kinds of flutes appear in The Tale of Genji, but the case called merely flute often points at a dragon flute (dragon flute), and the others "increase of the blooming bee" (shakuhachi) and limit it like "さうのふえ" (sho), "こまぶえ" (Kokuryo flute). As for a lot of scenes to appear of the flute, the flute which became the memento of Kashiwagi above all is treated as important small tools concerned with a natal secret of 薫 in form to fall into the hands of 薫 through a hand of the evening fog in stories. A flute is a musical instrument assumed basics of the culture of the music for a noble man, and, in the Heian era, the Emperor Murakami and the Emperor Ichijo are said to have been the master hand of the flute in this way. In addition, each flute concerning Atsumori Tairano and Yoshihira Minamotono is called "the flute of green leaves" and is informed it.
The dengaku after the middle of Heian era was a thing mainly on a hand drum and the gong, but the flute is seen in a picture scroll, too. In the ability that dengaku or other entertainments develop, and fixed the form in the Muromachi era, a flute seemed to be taken in in a musical accompaniment by the time of Zeami, but does not know it whether it is a thing same as a current ability pipe. It remains in the document on the Portugal side that the European flute was in Japan with Xavier who arrived at Kagoshima in 1549.
An ability pipe, a bamboo flute are used for Kabuki which became prosperous mainly in the Edo era. A bamboo flute is frequent in a festival (festival music), a noh dance (ordinary kagura), the lion dance of the common people, but there is the district using a dragon flute and the ability pipe, too. In addition, various flutes which made the onomatopoeia such as a bird or the insect came up in the Edo era and became popular as a toy of the common people. An orchestra is included in a fleet of the Admiral Perry who arrived at Uraga in 1853, and many Western musical instruments will flow into Japan after this. And I used to call the woodwind instrument including a clarinet and the oboe a flute generally, and the brass instrument came to be called a blow hard (trumpet).
Classification of the flute
Because the range that the word flute expresses is considerably wide, I classify it from some different points of view here.
Flute as the musical instrument
I may play a specific musical instrument "only with a flute" depending on a genre. It is, for example, a bamboo flute at an ability pipe, a folk song and many festivals by the Noh. This is connected with a social position system before the Meiji era.
- The flute which is used for blastings of ashes (みかぐら) of kagura flute (かぐらぶえ) - Imperial Court. It is slightly lower than a dragon flute. I say God flute (しんてき), a Japanese flute (I fly in the mountain obtain), the kagura flute (ふとぶえ).
- The flute which is used in dragon flute (dragon flute, りゅうてき) - gagaku. I use it for one of the ancient court songs of Japan and waka. I am called a flute (I die and hit ようじょう and come) or the main flute (おもぶえ).
- The flute which is used in ability pipe (is not isolated) - ability and Kabuki. I say the ability flute (beat and come).
- The flute which is used in bamboo flute (remembers obtains) - festival (festival music, ordinary kagura, lion dance), a folk song, stage music such as Kabuki, the Japanese dance (traditional Japanese music musical accompaniment), room music (little song, short ballad). I say しの, the bamboo flute (たけぶえ).
- I am transcribed into Kokuryo flute (こまぶえ) - 狛笛. The bamboo flute which is used in gagaku. I use it for Korai comfort and Eastern dance. I say 細笛 (ほそぶえ).
- The flute which I used for fife (うたぶえ) - old times Eastern dance (Azuma play). It is slightly large with the shape similar to the Kokuryo flute. It was generalized to substitute in a Kokuryo flute later and was not used. I say the middle pipe (ちゅうかん).
- A flute of the bamboo birch winding used in a noh dance or an act of God of Izumo flute (いづもぶえ) - Izumo Taisha Shrine. I resemble a dragon flute and prepare Izumo [1].
- When use it for a Chinese style music accompaniment of Korean flute (ask it) - gagaku; the another name of the dragon flute. Or with the flute which used for the gagaku of the Korean plum dynasty 45cm in length, finger hole six (as for eight old times).
- A bamboo flute to use for Ming transverse flute (みんてき) - Ming music. The Ming music was all the rage in the music that became available in Japan in 1629 tomorrow morning at one time in polite society of Kyoto. It is a characteristic that there is a sound hole that the former head is thin, and a finger hole is six, and to put a bamboo tissue (inside peel of a bamboo) from a beginning of the wind between a beginning of the wind and a finger hole. It was replaced for a flute for the Ch'ing popular music with an inflow of 清楽. In addition, I say the Ming transverse flute including a flute for the Ch'ing popular music. In the bamboo flute of 6 holes used for festival music of Japan, there is the thing considered that a Ming transverse flute or a flute for the Ch'ing popular music simplified it.
- A bamboo flute to use for flute for the Ch'ing popular music (しんてき) - 清楽. 清楽 was prevalent in common customs in music of the Qing dynasty when the late Tokugawa period of the culture civil administration began and came to be said to be the music of Ming and Ching. The shape is about the same, and it is different from a Ming transverse flute in the law. It is not distinguished from a Ming transverse flute very much. The music of Ming and Ching was limited on the occasion of Sino-Japanese War, but it was played love until the Taisho era by the young people because the Ming transverse flute (flute for the Ch'ing popular music) became the major scale.
- I am used in sho - gagaku. I say "a free-reed mouth organ of Japan". "The toy drum has what's called free-reed mouth organ of Japan" in the lyrics of the nursing song, but it is thought that this points to the different thing because a sho is not a musical instrument of Ichii.
- 竽 (う) the bamboo musical instrument which came from China in - Nara era. 1 octave was lower than a sho and, with a large sho, was used for gagaku, but went out of fashion at the peaceful middle. I say the flute of 竽.
- A bamboo recorder of 簫 (occur) - China. I call the panpipe-shaped thing which did several length to a set with the thing with the finger hole with one bamboo pipe without 洞簫 (occurs how), a finger hole with 排簫 (it occurs yes).
- A recorder of approximately 54.5cm in length (one shaku and eight sun) made with shakuhachi - common Japanese bamboo. By a use, a longer thing and the short thing are used. It is said that they come from a shakuhachi of the gagaku, but the details are not clear. It spread out in the whole country by a mendicant Zen priest in the Edo era and spread to the private enterprise when a mendicant Zen priest was abolished by the Meiji Restoration. I am used for classic Oriental fiddle music (solo, duet music), three pieces of ensembles, the accompaniment of the folk song. A thing tuned by inside diameter adjustment to paint the jurisdiction with "place of" lacquer (じ), and to repeat is common, but, using the root of the common Japanese bamboo, "the fully-patterned fabric pipe" which does not process the inside diameter is loved now.
- A recorder of the common Japanese bamboo that one gnarl is in the center of the pipe at recorder (I flash across a person) - approximately 34cm in length. I am called "a recorder shakuhachi", and it is thought that I influenced it with a shakuhachi mutually.
- A recorder of the common Japanese bamboo similar to the running out of 天吹 (overturn) -1 section.
- A Chinese flute of the flute child (suitable: DIZI) present age. I say D. The flute child has the ホウ flutes (梆 flute) such as music flute or the F pipe G pipes such as C pipe D pipes. These ancestors win a flute for the Ch'ing popular music and the Ming transverse flute.
- The metal recorder which added the beginning of the wind of the shakuhachi to the pipe body of the modern flute which Kishichiro Okura devised early in the オークラウロ (oak Lalo) - Showa era
- Western woodwind instruments such as a recorder, a flute, a clarinet, the oboe
Thing by materials
- The opened stone of the hole may be excavated from the remains of stone flute (いわぶえ) - ancient times, and there is an opinion to have possibilities to be a musical instrument. There are the thing that a hole was drilled artificially, the thing that there was the hole naturally, and there are a penetration type and the non-penetration type, too. I write the big thing as 磐笛.
- The flute which I made with the horn of bugle horn - animal. Because a corner was not available that much in Japan, a conch was more common.
- The reed pipe which I surrounded a leaf of reed pipe (あしぶえ, よしぶえ) - reed and made or the recorder which I made with a stem of the reed. I write it as a reed pipe and say "ろてき" to "あしぶえ".
- I hit the lips with one end of young leaves such as pipe made with a young leaf - oak or the chinquapin and wind it.
- The generic name of the thing making a sound as a lead and a cosyrinx in reed pipe - herb and a stem. In addition, I may play a flute (bamboo flute) of the bamboo like the country made with an amateur in Japan (use like a local horse race, the amateur baseball).
- The reed pipe using the stem of straw pipe - wheat. A summer season word.
- The reed pipe using bamboo flute - bamboo leaf.
- Pot-shaped twig gall made on a leaf of flute - イスノキ of 瓢 (ひょん) is called a fruit of 瓢 and an insect of the inside jumps out and winds the thing which became hollow as a flute. An autumn season word.
Thing by the tone
A lot of things to use to invite out game in a thing, hunting to use as sound effects of the plays (orchestras of Kabuki) are used as a toy. Collectively called "an onomatopoeia flute" (refer to an onomatopoeia musical instrument).
- The bamboo flute which cries, and speaks of baby flute - baby. I have double reed. I am used by a play.
- Of bush warbler flute - bush warbler (bush warbler) call, and speak; is bamboo; let be; a flute of the ceramics. There is the thing to pour water inside, and to use. I say the flute of Hatsune. A spring season word.
- The bamboo flute which calls, and speaks of cow - cow. I was used by a play, but am hardly used now.
- The bamboo flute which calls, and speaks of horse - horse. I was used by a play, but the thing which recorded the bark of real horse is often used now because technic is difficult.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the call of quail flute - quail (quail). I use it to invite a quail in quail hunting, and to approach. In addition, play a flute with short time in gagaku.
- The bamboo flute which calls, and speaks of crow flute - crow (crow). I have double reed. I am used by a play.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the call of pheasant flute - pheasant (pheasant). Because a hunter invites out a pheasant, I use it. Spring season word
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the cry of water rail flute (くいなぶえ) - water rail. I use it to invite out a water rail. A summer season word.
- The flute which makes a piece flute, the sound similar to the call of robin's pipe (こまぶえ) - robin. I use it for hunting.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the voice that deer whistle (I do it and get a turnip ししぶえ) - deer cries. Of the deer female with this flute call, and speak, and use it because a hunter defeats Oshika that came. イテレップ is the thing which Ainu used.
- The bamboo flute which calls, and speaks of cicada flute - cicada. There is the thing of the chirping of Higure in particular and ミンミン cicada. There are many things which I added the imitation of the cicada to as a decoration.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the call of plover -1000 bird. I am used by a play.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the トヒヨ - とんびの cry. I am used by a play.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the call of birdcall - bird. Or a bird-shaped flute.
- The flute which makes the sound similar to the call of chicken - chicken. I am used by a play.
- The flute which calls, and speaks of pigeon whistle - dove. I use it to call a bird in hunting. Or pennywhistle such as the dove-shaped bisque. I may play an ocarina.
- The bamboo flute which calls, and speaks of skylark-lure whistle (ひばりぶえ) - skylark. A spring season word.
- The flute which calls, and speaks of owl flute (ふくろうぶえ) - owl. I am used by a play.
- The bamboo flute which gives flute that imitates the sound of an insect - chirp. I am used by a play.
Thing by the use
- The small flute which sounds pitch to become tuning pipe - standard. I use it for the first part of a song of the chorus of the tuning of the stringed instrument and no accompaniment.
- The flute which a young ranch hand plays for the signal to shepherd's pipe (まきぶえ, ぼくてき) - domestic animal.
- A flute to play when massage flute (あんまぶえ) - massage plays it in a town and walks. The pronunciation principle is near a whistle.
- A flute to blow steam used by whistle - ship and a steam locomotive, and to sound. I use you as the time signal or a signal, a signal.
- A sound signal to sound because a ship or a lighthouse inform a position at the time of view defectiveness because of foghorn (むてき, きりぶえ) - dense fog. There are many electrical sounds now.
- A sound to sound it to promote alarm whistle - attention. A train, a car has it.
- The small flute which is used for the signals of a whistle, Yobuko flute - arrest and the competition. I may be used as a rhythm musical instrument.
- A flute to play to inform the location at time wrecked in lifesaving flute - mountain climbing. A sound to arrive far and wide comes to come out.
Thing by a shape, the performance method
- The generic name of the flute to pose in recorder - length, and to play.
- The generic name of the flute to pose on flute - side, and to play.
- A flute to put it on nose flute - nose, and to play for a snort. A Japanese musical instrument does not have it, but is seen in the Oceania area from Southeast Asia. It is said that the breath from a mouth uses a snort from a way of thinking that it is dirty.
- You make whistle - mouth narrower and strongly give breath, and make a sound such as the flute. I say the skin flute. A finger whistle can be called a whistle.
- You put a finger in finger whistle - mouth and strongly give breath, and make a sound such as the flute. I say the whistle.
Other
- It is with street-vendor's flute (とうじんぶえ) - charamela or a blow hard (trumpet).
- When beach flute - woman diver finishes work in the water and came to the surface of the water, a sound to return the breathing that I cut down to sounds like a whistle.
- The sound such as the flute that intense wind of whistling sound of a winter wind (もがりぶえ) - winter blows a fence and a bamboo fence, the electric wire and utters. 気流の中に、これらの杭や電線などの障害物が有るとき、その風下にカルマン渦が交互に発生する事で起こる。 冬の季語。 香西かおりの演歌「風恋歌」（作詞・里村龍一）でも歌い込まれている。
- 喉笛 - 喉の気管が通っている部分、または喉仏を指す。本来の意味の笛とは異なるが、古くから単に「笛」でこれを指すこともあり、近代では森鴎外の『高瀬舟』の中にその用例がある。
- プーンギー - インドの伝統楽器。蛇使いがコブラ踊りをさせるために使う楽器でもある。
外部リンク
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Flute
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