Fight of the kettle creek
Fight (British: Battle of Kettle Creek) of the kettle creek is the fight that happened in a rural district part of the Georgia colony on February 14, 1779 during American War of Independence. It was fought in Wilkes county of approximately 8 miles (13km) from current Washington City. An American patriot posse defeated the loyalist posse which left for Augusta that British troops ruled conclusively and let you resemble it scatteringly.
Even if the victory of this American side was loyalist conscription of British troops not being able to gain control of the inland of Georgia namely the moderate number, I showed that I could not protect it under the direct protection of British troops if there was not it. The British troops which decided to already abandon Augusta raided a patriot posse by the fight of the briar creek several weeks later and restored some authority. The rural district region of Georgia will enter the follower of British troops for the first time since I defeated the southern continent forces by a Charleston siege war of 1780.
Table of contents
Background
In 1778, the British troops began the southern part strategy by sending expeditionary force to occupy the savanna city from St. Augstine of east Florida with New York city. At first a contingent from New York City that the Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell led arrived and occupied the savanna city successfully on December 29, 1778 [4].
Augusta occupation of British troops
When the オーガスティン プレボスト brigadier general of British troops arrived from St. Augstine in the middle of January, 1779, I became the commander of the savanna garrison and I added a military unit to Campbell and aimed at occupation of Augusta City and the setup of the loyalist corps [5].
Campbell left the savanna with more than 1000 military units on January 24 and arrived near Augusta one week later. There was not most of the harassment from a patriot militiaman of Georgia on the way. The Andrew Williamson general of the South Carolina colony followed Augusta with approximately 1,000 militiamen of Georgia and South Carolina, but withdrew with most of the military units when a Campbell corps approached it. A back corps performed a Campbell corps and a skirmish, but South Carolina was able to retreat across the Savannah [6].
Campbell began 徴募 of the loyalist. Approximately 1,100 people signed a list of 徴募, but there were considerably really few numbers that were able to form a militiaman squadron. Campbell demanded Pledge of Allegiance on a condition to confiscate assets if I made an infringement successively. Because many people promised faithfully, Williamson will know the true feelings immediately. Because 徴募 did a loyalist after starting a march to Augusta immediately in North Carolina colony and a rural district part of South Carolina, Campbell dispatched John Boyd (militiaman) colonel. The void came with several hundred fights well in 徴募. While a void returned to south Augusta, more loyalists increased and became than 600 people in the central part of South Carolina [7]. Because this military unit plundered it in a journey, an angry patriot will stand up with a weapon as expected [8].
Reaction of U.S. forces
The Major General commander Benjamin Lincoln of the large army in the southern part based on Charleston and was not able to deal about the fall of the savanna appropriately. The resources which the large army had were limited (both the staff and the fund were short) and I stood and was able to give approximately 1,400 posses of South Carolina, but there was not the authority to give an order to start that I acted outside their countries [9]. 1,100 posses of North Carolina that John General Ashe led on January 30 arrived and were reinforced. Lincoln dispatched this military unit immediately in order to let the military unit of Williamson that was on the South Carolina side of the Savannah near Augusta join [10].
The Augusta area in the Georgia side bank of the Savannah was ruled by the loyalist corps whom the Daniel マクガース colonel led, and the one South Carolina side was ruled over in the Georgia patriot posse which the John Dooley colonel commanded [11]. When approximately 250 South Carolina posses which the Andrew Pickens colonel commands arrive at this area, Dooley merges the military unit with Pickens and will adopt an offensive to Georgia, and Pickens will do entire army conduct [12]. The light dress cavalry soldier several squadron of North Carolina will increase afterwards, too [13].
On February 10, Pickens and Dooley crossed the Savannah to strike the British troops camp of the Augusta southeast. However, a military unit was not for the camping and understood that I went for reconnaissance. When Pickens might leave for the advanced base where British troops put the stockade called the fort of the car for, I doubted it and dispatched a military unit there immediately, and the main force began the chase of British troops [12]. The British troops were really in the fort, but it was forced to abandoning the horse and baggage outside a fence [14]. Pickens surrounded a fort, but knew that 700-800 loyalists corps of the void left for Georgia passing through a ninety six district of South Carolina. Solved a siege while hesitating about Pickens, and moved to suppress the void corps [14]; [15].
Pickens put a strong position in the broad river river mouth neighborhood that a void corps might assume use of fording. However, the void corps which swelled to 800 people chose the way to detour around to the north in those days. At first the void tried Cherokee shallows, but eight patriot militiamen entered the trench with a small swivel and prevented the approach of the void corps. The void moved approximately 5 miles (8km) to the north, and it was in a small military unit and the skirmish of the patriot who chased the movement of the void corps on the Georgia side when therefore crossed the river [8]; [16]. I reported the void with (death in battle, an injury or escape) that lost 100 people in this fight [17].
When Pickens knew that a void corps crossed the river, the own unit was in South Carolina across the river and was going to prevent the movement of the void corps. When Pickens knew the location of the void corps, I came back to the Georgia side immediately. On February 14, the Pickens unit caught up with the void corps and stopped a military unit in kettle creek neighborhood [8]. There were only several miles away from the loyalist camp of マクガース [18].
Battle
The void put up a sentry for the camping without knowing that an enemy force approached such near, but did not receive warning in particular. Pickens led a center and advanced, and the right-winger left the Dooley colonel, the left-winger to Lieutenant Colonel エリジャ Clark. The void knew that a situation pressed by gun battle happened to between a patriot militiaman and a sentry. The void formed a defense line near the rear of the camping and advanced with 100 people and it was temporary and was opposed to the Pickens corps in a fence and a fallen tree in a made fort. Pickens was able to point out the side of the position of the void using a vanguard corps having taken the hill. But the right-winger of the Pickens unit was behind with progress for damp ground near a creek. The void suffered a fatal injury by intense gun battle and fell it, and the platoon retreated in the defense line that the main force of the loyalist protected [16].
Thereafter, the right-winger of the patriot militiaman has begun to appear from the damp ground. The loyalist corps whom William spar Gen who was the vice-order of the void commanded was at war with a patriot corps afterwards for 90 minutes. I abandoned a horse and the equipment in the loyalist, and there was a person across the creek. Clark noticed that there was a hill on the opposite bank of the creek where they went to and I led a military unit soldier and left there, but the horse which I got on was shot with the process. The defense line of the loyalist finally collapsed and became a captive whether the soldier was murdered, and the others scattered [20].
Post of the battle
Captive treatment
Pickens made 75 people a captive, but the most got injured. In addition, 40-70 loyalists were killed in action. In the Pickens unit, nine people were killed in action, and 23 people got injured [3]. Most of void corpses returned to the hometown including the person who escaped from the battlefield and the person whom Pickens released. A considerable loyalist was caught by a patriot for days following a battle or surrendered. The fate of those people is unknown [21]. The Lieutenant Colonel Campbell reported that 270 people that a void did 徴募 joined the own unit [18]. Campbell admitted them into the royal North Carolina regiment [21].
When Pickens got closer to a void wounded in after a battle, the void which lived in South Carolina was Pickens and an acquaintance before the war and asked a wife for a broach in Pickens to reach it, and to tell it about the fate of the void. Pickens carried out the wish [17].
Though only approximately 20 people got injured, among the captives of the loyalist, I survived. At first ninety took them to Augusta with it chicly afterwards, and Pickens took you into custody with many loyalist captives. The authorities of South Carolina spent many loyalists on a trial for treason for a lesson. Approximately 50 people were convicted, and five people were sentenced to hanging including a person caught by in a kettle creek. The British troops instruction layer flew into a rage with this treatment for a prisoner of war and the person who thought saying that a trial was held. When the プレボスト general did the retaliation for patriot captive who caught it, I threatened you, but, for fear of British troops captive caught by the United States side receiving similar treatment, gave it up. In April, 1779, プレボスト invaded and attacked in the shore part of South Carolina. There is this to restore Georgia of General Lincoln, and it is a countermeasure for the movement, and the government official of South Carolina will release the most of the person whom I convicted [22].
Reaction of British troops
In a strategy meeting held in Augusta on February 12, Campbell decided that abandoned Augusta City, and began withdrawal on 14th on the day when a battle got up [23]; [24]. Unlike the opinion that some historians expressed, Campbell did not withdraw to see the result of the battle. After having left Augusta City, I knew the battle. その出発はジョン・アッシュ隊がウィリアムソンのキャンプに到着したこと、物資の欠乏およびボイドがその任務に成功しているか不確かだったことで促進された[18][23]。 ケトルクリークの戦いでの勝利は、キャンベル隊が現在のジョージア州スクレベン郡に撤退中に起きた3月3日のブライアクリークの戦いで、有る程度帳消しにされた[25]。
1780年6月、チャールストン包囲戦の後で愛国者軍が崩壊したとき、オーガスタはイギリス軍の支配下に入った。1781年、愛国者軍は包囲戦でオーガスタを再度取り戻した。
遺産
ケトルクリークの戦場跡はアメリカ合衆国国家歴史登録財に登録されている[26]。戦場の大半はウィルクス郡が所有しているが。戦闘がおきた場所の全体が識別されているわけではない[27]。ウィルクス郡のタイロン道路近くにある[28]。
脚注
- ^ Historical accounts variously call the Loyalist leader either James or John Boyd. Research conducted in 2008 suggests that John is the more probable name. (Elliott, p. 83)
- ^ a b Wilson, p. 88
- ^ a b c Elliott, p. 95
- ^ Russell, pp. 100–103
- ^ Ashmore and Olmstead, p. 86
- ^ Wilson, pp. 84–86
- ^ Wilson, p. 86
- ^ a b c Wilson, p. 87
- ^ Mattern, p. 62
- ^ Mattern, p. 65
- ^ Ashmore and Olmstead, p. 89
- ^ a b Ashmore and Olmstead, p. 91
- ^ Elliott, p. 40
- ^ a b Ashmore and Olmstead, p. 92
- ^ Russell, p. 105
- ^ a b Ashmore and Olmstead, p. 94
- ^ a b Ashmore and Olmstead, p. 99
- ^ a b c Piecuch, p. 139
- ^ Elliott, p. 97
- ^ Ashmore and Olmstead, pp. 97–98
- ^ a b Elliott, p. 96
- ^ Davis, pp. 174–178
- ^ a b Wilson, p. 89
- ^ Hall, p. 84
- ^ Wilson, pp. 90–98
- ^ Staff (2008-04-15). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
- ^ Elliott, p. 124
- ^ "Kettle Creek Battlefield". Washington-Wilkes Chamber of Commerce. 2011年12月30日閲覧。
参考文献
- Ashmore, Otis; Olmstead, Charles (June 1926). "The Battles of Kettle Creek and Brier Creek". The Georgia Historical Quarterly (Volume 10, No. 2). JSTOR 40575848.
- Buchanan, John (2004). The Road to Valley Forge. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-44156-4. OCLC 231991487.
- Davis, Jr, Robert Scott (April 1979). "The Loyalist Trials at Ninety Six in 1779". The South Carolina Historical Magazine (Volume 80, No. 2). JSTOR 27567552.
- Elliott, Daniel (2009). Stirring up a Hornet's Nest: The Kettle Creek Battlefield Survey. Savannah, GA: The Lamar Institute. Contains detailed archaeological and historiographic analysis, orders of battle; issued in 2009 for the town of Washington, GA.
- Hall, Leslie (2001). Land and Allegiance in Revolutionary Georgia. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2262-9. OCLC 247101654.
- Mattern, David (1998). Benjamin Lincoln and the American Revolution (paperback ed.). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-260-8. OCLC 39401358.
- Piecuch, Jim (2008). Three Peoples, One King : Loyalists, Indians, and Slaves in the Revolutionary South, 1775–1782. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-737-5. OCLC 185031351.
- Russell, David Lee (2000). The American Revolution in the Southern Colonies. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0783-5. OCLC 248087936.
- Wilson, David K (2005). The Southern Strategy: Britain's Conquest of South Carolina and Georgia, 1775–1780. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-573-3. OCLC 232001108.
外部リンク
- Battle of Kettle Creek
- Georgia Department Of Transportation Wilkes County Road Map (PDF)
- Battle of Kettle Creek, Georgia. By Robert Scott Davis Jr.
北緯33度41分27秒 西経82度53分04秒 / 北緯33.690796度 西経82.884563度座標: 北緯33度41分27秒 西経82度53分04秒 / 北緯33.690796度 西経82.884563度
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