2016년 12월 14일 수요일

Exocet

Exocet

Exocet
Exocet AM39 P1220892-detoured.jpg
Plane discharge type AM39 Exocet
Kind Middle-range anti-ship missile
Original development country French flag France
History of development
Manufacturer MBDA
Price It is 450,000 dollars MM38
The 39:65 a.m. ten thousand dollar
It is 850,000 dollars SM39
It is 600,000 dollars MM40
※At the time of each export
The number of the production It is 1,262 MM38
It is 714 AM39
It is 24 SM39
It is 399 MM40
※At 1986
Specifications
Instruction method A halfway flight: Inertial guidance
An end flight: ARH instruction
Discharge
Platform
  • MM38 surface ship discharge type
  • AM39 plane discharge type
  • SM39 submarine discharge type
  • MM40 surface ship discharge type

The anti-ship missile that French MBDA Corporation produces Exocet [footnote 1] (French: Exocet: in French the will of the flying fish). The right pronunciation as French is [ɛgzosɛt], and, unlike word exocet[ɛgzosɛ] "flying fish of the same spelling," it is normal that t of the end of a word is pronounced. It is pronounced [éksəset] in English.

MM38 of the surface ship (including the ground) discharge type, MM40 of the improved model, AM39 of the plane discharge type, SM39 and the much derivation type of the submarine discharge type are developed. I have been used in the actual fighting of the Falkland Islands conflict and am one of the models which were best known for the warship anti-ship missile of the Western countries [1].

Table of contents

Origin

The development was started from 1967 by Aerospatiale Corporation. In October, 1968, I was announced with naval ordering in France for the first time. In addition, the first examination of AM39 of the plane discharge type was conducted in 1972. SM39 of the submarine discharge type was announced for the first time in 1979, and the first test-firing was carried out from "Agosta" in 1981 [1].

Etymology

M. where the name of the missile was an engineer of Nord Aviar Sion I was given by Guillot [2]. I mean a flying fish in French and do ἐξώκοιτος of the Greek with the origin.

Structure

 
Box type discharge pipe of MM38
 
 
Cylindrical discharge pipe of MM40

Because I assumed an electric wave detection device mounted with the warship that archetypal MM38 was developed at first small for searching for the enemy, 測的手段, it was thought that the detection distance degree was enough for the range of the missile and was designed for around 40 kilometers. Therefore, I was inferior to a range to some extent, but, for a propulsion system, a booster sustainer adopted the solid rocket motor which was superior in acceleration characteristics together. In MM40 where production was started in 1981, the attack assumption to an aim detected by the radar of the carrier-based plane was added and, as for the maximum range, was extended to 65 kilometers afterwards. In addition, the discharge machine is more compact replacing with a conventional box type discharge pipe, too; is said that is cylindrical. In MM40 Block 2 announced for the next 1,991 years, I reduce a radar reflection cross section (RCS) by the application of the electric wave absorber (RAM) and match it with the improvement of guidance controls and reduce a cover shooting down good chance. In addition, the electronic protection ability was strengthened, too [1]. Furthermore, development of MM40 Block 3 which planned range extension by changing the sustainer to the turbojet engine was started in 2002, and a test-firing was performed in "Chevalier pole" on March 18, 2010 [3]. In addition, the booster of the missile is fired after SM39 of the submarine discharge type being contained in a watertight capsule, and at first accelerating it with the solid-propellent rocket motor of the capsule underwater, and having surfaced on the sea [1].

It is the missile of the fire and four model to get and, for the instruction method of the missile, adopts the active radar homing (ARH) instruction with the seeker of the X band in the end flight by inertial guidance in the halfway flight. In addition, in MM40 Block 3, the GPS came to be usable for the instruction in the end flight in consideration of the attack to the aim of the coastal place above the ground, too [4].

This machine is the so-called she skimmer-shaped anti-ship missile who is available for sea skimming (super low altitude sea surface following flight). After at first having risen by 2-second boost after discharge to high 30–70 meter (98–230ft), I descend according to a radio altimeter to altitude 9–15 meter (30–49ft) and, in the case of a model mounted with a surface ship, enter the cruise. In the place where I came close from the estimated coordinate of the aim to 12–15 kilometer (6.5–8.1nmi), the missile operates a seeker and descends to attack altitude more afterwards. This is 8 meters of custom (26 ft), but can descend to 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) if sea conditions are calm [1].

When an aim is a large warship, it is difficult to attack and sink, but this missile is relatively small particularly the maker side is insisted on if the missile with the warhead of 160 kg enters in Mach number 0.9 when destructive enough. But the warhead did not necessarily perform initiating though the missile hit it directly in Falkland Islands conflict and the United States ship "Stark" hit case. For a fuse, I comprise the para-proximity fuse through the seeker other than an arrival and sailing fuse. This para-proximity fuse is set based on the information from a seeker so that initiating assumes that a missile hit a sign 0.015 seconds after a prospective timing [1].

Specifications [1] [3]
MM38 AM39 SM39 MM40 MM40 block 3
Diameter 34.8cm
Full length 520cm 469cm 469cm
At the time of the capsule accommodation
580cm
 580cm
Wingspread 100cm 110cm 113.5cm
Quantity of bullet weight 750 kg 655 kg 666 kg
At the time of the capsule accommodation
1,350 kg
 855 kg 780 kg
Warhead weight 165 kg
Sustainer Solid rocket motor Turbojet engine
Booster Solid-propellent rocket motor
Flight speed Mach number0.93（315Meter per second, 615Knot）
Range 42km (23 nmi) 50–70km (27–38nmi) 50km (27 nmi) 70km (38 nmi) 180km (97 nmi)

Deployment

As well as a French military and an NATO club, I am exported to the armed forces of the world widely, and, by the results shown in the many actual fighting, it is a French influential export weapon product. The number of the past production counts 3,000 or more.

Falkland Islands conflict

The Exocet became world-famous by the Argentina navy having used the Exocet which I obtained via Leethio ジェッリ in charge of the weapon procurement of the Argentina forces by a title of "the E.A." of the Argentine embassy to Italy at the time of in the Italian businessman and the right wing politicians in a Falkland Islands conflict (1982).

After all, by the Exocet which I fired from an air raider in シュペルエタンダール warship made in France, I attacked and sank destroyer "Sheffield" (May 4) and containership "Atlantic conveyer" (May 25) of the U.K. navy, and, besides, the Argentine navy caused damage by discharge from the land on destroyer "Glamorgan" (June 12). I announced that I let you hit light carrier "インヴィンシブル" on May 30, and the Argentine side damaged it, but deny the British side.

Though the Exocet which hit Sheffield was misfire, the plunge at the speed of 315m per second and the fire by 残燃料 caused serious damage to the warship. The generation system on the warship was destroyed by the shock at the time of the plunge, and the effective operation of the fire prevention system was disturbed, and these caused the sinking by the fire. The confidence of the U.K. is shaken by a loss of Sheffield, and the Exocet will win the respect of the peculiar kind. In addition, the word this Exocet became the expression of the colloquial style which meant "a fatal single blow" in the U.K.

The Exocet which hit Glamorgan was also misfire, but 残燃料 produced an inferno then. It is like the fact that the quick action of the crew of Glamorgan saved a warship as for this. Is within one minute until an Exocet plunge; while was short, Glamorgan turned the maximum for the Exocet which came flying. As a result, the warship greatly slanted toward the port and the hit to the ship's side of the Exocet hit port deck コーミング of the avoided thing and was played above. This hit sign remained clearly until restoration of Glamorgan was started at the end of 1982.

After a Falkland Islands conflict, according to the place that British Government and the secret service clarified, the authorities held serious concern in potential ability of a thing and the Exocet which were evaluated when the anti-ship missile defense ability of the British navy war vessel was insufficient doing sea fight on the Argentina forces side profitably conclusively. Particularly, it was concerned about as "the scenario of the nightmare" what one or both two British naval carriers ("インヴィンシブル" and "her me") were overthrown, or was neutralized. It was thought that the recapture of the Falkland Islands extremely became difficult if it could happen. I mistook the containership "Atlantic conveyer" which was transporting a plane by chance although I aimed at it and aimed at a carrier for "her me", and the Argentine military attacked and sank it, too and was not able to carry out the carrier sinking.

A British secret service [footnote 2] performed the activity on the global scale in order to prevent such a situation to disturb that the Argentine military obtained Exocet more. In addition, France refused export to Peru, too. Because this is because it was said that Peru hands the missile which oneself obtained to Argentina [footnote 3]. However, embargoes from EC and the NATO member to Argentina have been already taken at this point in time.

In addition, the Exocet adopted the British naval warship (county grade destroyer, part of the re-under grade frigate, 21 type frigate, 22 type frigate batch 1) at the time as a warship anti-ship missile. However, there was not a utilization opportunity because the activity of the Argentine naval large war vessel near the mainland was negative.

Iran-Iraq war

 
Oliver hazard Perry grade missile frigate, USS FFG-31 "Stark" that Exocet hit it on May 17, 1987, and greatly declined because of irrigation by the fire extinguishing work

200 Iraqi militaries applied an aerial discharge type of the estimated Exocet by Mirage F1 and, in Iran-Iraq war, attacked a war vessel of the Iran navy, but the military gains were various. The spent Exocet often hit a tanker and other private ships, but most were misfire (they refer to tanker war). The team of the United States and the British explosive substance disposal expert collected complete Exocet from such a ship to untie a warhead.

I mistook Oliver hazard Perry grade missile frigate "Stark" of U.S. Navy for an Iranian tanker, and, on May 17, 1987, the Mirage F1 of the Iraqi air force fired two Exocet. All two of them hit it, but it was only one that a warhead exploded. Stark suffered serious damage, and 37 people died, and 21 people got injured, but they avoided sinking, and I was in this way sent later for restoration by the strenuous damage control of the crew (they refer to Stark hit case).

In addition, I diverted a pylon to Iraqi MiG-23ML from Mirage F1EQ-5/6, and there was the body which was repaired to be equipped with Exocet. In this case the multi-launching cannon which was original fixed armament was removed to attach big air-to-ship missile of the mass under body Chuo Line.

Adoption country and deployment platform

The warship vs. warship type

  • P48S type missile boat - MM40
  • リュールセン FPB-57 type missile boat - MM40
  • リュールセン TNC-45 type missile boat - MM40
  • リュールセン FPB-38 type missile boat - MM40
  • リュールセン TNC-45 type missile boat - MM40
  •   The British navy (with the military retirement of the deployment warship, I have been updated to a harpoon)


The ground vs. warship type

Submarine discharge type

The sky vs. warship type

Footnote

  1. It may be pronounced, but is wrong as French pronunciation / Japanese notation ^ エグゾゼ and notation
  2. I am told that a secret service of the ^ United States participated
  3. ^ fact, Peru delivers a part of Mirage 5 of the own country to the Argentine air force which decreased naturally later

References

Allied item

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