Baseline (the sea)

Look at "a baseline" about other uses of the baseline.

The division of the basic sea area. The territorial waters are measured from the baseline; and to 12 nautical miles. The contiguous zone to 24 nautical miles. The exclusive economic zone to 200 nautical miles.

A black line is a baseline of Chile.

The outside of the sea area that I showed with dark blue is a baseline forming an archipelago of Philippines.

A baseline (do not help you put on it) is the line which is the starting point of reckoning to measure territorial waters, contiguous zone, an exclusive economic zone, the width of the continental shelf [¹]; [²] [³]. I may be said to be territorial waters baseline (I possess it or do not make breath) [⁴].

Table of contents

Width calculation of each sea area

According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in the nation having the shore, judging from the land side, the offing can declare 200 nautical miles at 24 nautical miles at 12 nautical miles each with the exclusive economic zone [⁷] of the own country from contiguous zone [⁶], the baseline of the own country from territorial waters [⁵], the baseline of the own country from the baseline. In addition, I did it when I could declare bottom of the sea part before the treaty tracing the extension of nature of the territory across the territorial waters, and reaching the circumference of the continental shelf blood relation region as a continental shelf of the country, but I did it when I could declare bottom of the sea part to 200 nautical miles as a continental shelf of the country when continental shelf blood relation region did not spread by distance of 200 nautical miles from the baseline and did 100 nautical miles from a contour line of 350 nautical miles or 2,500 meters with the limit line of the continental shelf of the country from the baseline when continental shelf blood relation region exceeded 200 nautical miles adversely [⁸]. But because the above-mentioned country in two countries faces each other across the sea, or is next to each other facing the same sea area, is not this limit when an exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf that each other insists on overlap [⁹]; [¹⁰]. Except the case of the baseline forming an archipelago, the area of the sea on the land side becomes the inland waters from a baseline [¹¹]; [¹²]. Baselines are usually mediated in a baseline, a direct base line, the baseline forming an archipelago depending on the pull line [¹].

Normal baseline

The baseline is a method to draw a line along the low-water line in the large reduced scale chart [¹], and [⁴], this normal baseline are usually the pull territorial waters baseline that has been used than old times most [³]. Generally, when the form that a shoreline is almost a straight line, and is simple is, it is often adopted, and a line is used in form to pull parallel to a shoreline [¹³].

Direct base line

The shore curves in complicatedly, and a direct base line method is adopted by the mainland when an island lies scattered to point-blank range [²]; [³]. While adoption of the baseline method usually confirms that have been admitted as custom by Norway fishery case (English version) International Court of Justice judgment in 1951 when the legality of measures by Norway which was going to find wider inland waters, territorial waters by drawing a direct base line when usually pull baselines was competed for till then, is close in consideration of economic factors between area of the sea and land part taken as inland waters by the adoption of a baseline not deviating from the general direction of the shoreline and the direct base line method; admitted by the adoption of the direct base line method with the proviso that was related [²]; [³] [¹⁴]. The requirements provided by this fishery case in Norway were taken in later by territorial waters treaty (1958) Article 4 and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) Article 7, and it was in the place that was generally approved as for the direct base line method [²]; [³] [¹⁴] [¹⁵].

Baseline forming an archipelago

A baseline forming an archipelago is pull baseline recognized only by the group of islands country [¹²]. The whole is the nation consisting of groups of islands [¹⁶], and, according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the ratio of [¹⁷], an area of the inside area of the sea of the straight line that bound the point of the outside island of the group of islands together and the area on the land side must be between the group of islands country and from 1:1 to 9:1 [¹²]. And the straight line that bound the point of the outside island together is the baseline forming an archipelago of the group of islands country, and, in the area of the sea surrounded in a baseline forming an archipelago, it is archipelagic waters [¹²]; [¹⁸] [¹⁹]. Other than area of the sea and the ratio of the area of the land, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea makes it a condition that a baseline forming an archipelago must not deviate from the general direction of the outline of the group of islands [¹⁷]. Because is the straight line that concluded the outside of the group of islands, may assume this a direct base line [¹⁸]; [¹⁹]. Group of islands countries meeting such a condition include Philippines, Indonesia, Fiji, Bahamas, Papua New Guinea specifically [¹⁶].

Source

1. ^ ^{a b c} Tsutsui (2002), 60 pages.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Yamamoto (2003), 365 pages.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Sugihara (2008), 125 pages.
4. ^ ^{a b} Kodera (2006), 254 pages.
5. ^ Tsutsui (2002), page 340.
6. ^ Tsutsui (2002), page 213.
7. ^ Tsutsui (2002), 279-280 pages.
8. ^ Tsutsui (2002), 229-230 pages.
9. ^ Yamamoto (2003), 407-414 pages.
10. ^ Sugihara (2008), 154-156 pages.
11. ^ Tsutsui (2002), page 260.
12. ^ ^{a b c d} Tsutsui (2002), 76-77 pages.
13. ^ Yamamoto (2003), page 364.
14. ^ ^{a b} Matsui (2009), 156-160 pages.
15. ^ Kodera (2006), page 255.
16. ^ ^{a b} Tsutsui (2002), 77 pages.
17. ^ ^{a b} Yamamoto (2003), 378 pages.
18. ^ ^{a b} Sugihara (2008), 133 pages.
19. ^ ^{a b} Kodera (2006), 258 pages.

References

• Akira Kodera, Yuji Iwasawa, Akio Morita "lecture international law" 有斐閣, 2006. ISBN 4-641-04620-4。
• Takane Sugihara, Chiyuki Mizukami, Tomohito Usuki, Jun Yoshii, Nobuyuki Kato, Ei Takada "modern international law lecture" 有斐閣, 2008. ISBN 978-4-641-04640-5。
• Wakamizu Tsutsui "international law dictionary" 有斐閣, 2002. ISBN 4-641-00012-3。
• Yoshiro Matsui "precedent international law" Toshin temple, 2009. ISBN 978-4 - 88,713-675-5。
• Soji Yamamoto "international law" [new publication] 有斐閣, 2003. ISBN 4-641-04593-3。

Allied item

• Marine legal division
• Border # maritime border

Outside link

• Territorial waters treaty - [1] [2]
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
• The chart which showed a baseline of Coast Guard - Japan.

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