2016년 11월 2일 수요일

The Coast Guard

The Coast Guard

Japanese flag Japanese administrative office
The Coast Guard
かいじょうほあんちょう
Ensign of the Japanese Coast Guard.svg
Central-Government-Building-3-01.jpg
Center combination Government building Building No. 3 where the Coast Guard is installed in
Post
Director General Yuji Sato
The vice-chief Yoshinobu Sato
海上保安監 Toshi Nakajima
Organization
Upper part organization Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
Internal subdivision The general affairs departmentEquipment & Technology DepartmentGuard & Rescue DepartmentHydrographic & Oceanographic DepartmentTransportation department
地方支分部局 Regional Coast Guard Headquarters
Summary
The location 100-8976
2-1-3, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
Capacity 13,208 (March 31, 2015) [1]
Annual budget 183,394 million yen [1] (2014)
Setting It is May 1 (1948) for 1,948 years
Forerunner The Department of Transportation marine transportation total station illegal entry ship monitoring headquarters
Website
The Coast Guard
I display a template

It is an extra-ministerial committee of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the Coast Guard (かいじょうほあんちょう, abbreviated to Kaiho (かいほ), MSA (かいほちょう) [2], National Security Board (ほあんちょう), English: Japan Coast Guard, abbreviated to JCG[3]) assumes that I plan the securing of marine security and peace and order a duty [4]. In 1948 after World War II, in the old organization at the time of the foundation, the American Coast Guard was established by a model. The motto is "justice benevolence" [5].

Table of contents

Summary

The Coast Guard carries out the enforcement of laws and ordinances in the sea, correspondence, the salvage to an illegal act, marine traffic control, marine information (waterway) duties such as the chart production, the management of the beacon [4]. It is the marine police supervising poaching and smuggling, the crime of the sea such as the illegal entry and is the marine firefighting corresponding to the sea disaster accident. 13,208 people, the budget scale are 183,400 million yen, and 98,200 million yen (52%) of the inside is spent on the number of the staffs of the Coast Guard of the end of 2014 as personnel expenses of the government officials of the general office work [6]; [explanatory note 1].

Said, in a law (the Coast Guard method), not to be the armed forces definitely [7]. However, when even a thing and Self-Defense Forces Law admitted that these organizations participate for of the armed forces in the case of the emergency in the international law in time of war in the Coast Guard by the Coast Guard (coast guard) of foreign countries, an opinion like an associate military affairs organization called the border patrol admit by special need, I can incorporate all and of the organization under control, the conduct of the Minister of Defense, and the comparing and drawing conclusions with the associate military affairs organization may be tried by titles of "Japan Coast Guard[3]". In addition, there are not the texts about the international law in time of war for the Coast Guard method according to the above-mentioned text (Article 25).

It is the native-born marine peace officer who most of the staff receive professional training in the Coast Guard Academy and the Coast Guard School, and graduated, but, as for Director General and the vice-chief, some Regional Coast Guard Headquarters head, the career bureaucrat of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and other ministries and government offices often takes Sheriff sea after having done transference to another office.

To time as for the British designation for 1,948 years than the beginning of open agency of (1948) from an American claim with the historic process using "Maritime Safety Board" and "Maritime Safety Agency" [8]. I change at all the change of authority and the law to ships after publication with [3] that "established a logo, logo mark of the Coast Guard and a catch copy to have the nations understand duties of the Coast Guard clearly widely." (2000) in Japan Coast Guard (when abbreviated to JCG translates it literally "the Japan Coast Guard") using this logo in burr, after 2001 from April in 2000.

As of January 1, 2016, I hold 454 vessels and boats, 74 planes in total. In addition, I hold 5,309 beacons [9] as of April 1, 2015.

The history

Duty

About the duty, it is determined by Coast Guard method Article 2 and Article 5, but is distributed below when I classify roughly.

  1. Guard duties: The territorial waters guard, an exclusive economic zone of Japan and the criminal investigation and the arrest (judicial police) of the suspect, the guard of the important harbor, ship that occurred in a certain ship or ship of the Japanese nationality outside the exclusive economic zone in that.
  2. Rescue duties: The search rescue of a ship, the plane which met with a disaster on the sea and the passenger, crew, the emergency conveyance from a remote island and the ship which are not equipped with a medical institution, the processing (prevention of fire extinguishing of the fire and outflow of the pollutant, the removal) of the accident ship. I include Japan Team for Disaster Relief duties.
  3. Marine information (waterway) duties: The making of the chart, the measurement of the tide, an investigation into seafloor topography.
  4. Traffic duties: I install a lighthouse, a beacon, a navigation support system and manage it to plan facilitation of the traffic on the seas.
  5. Other duties: The guard in the remote island. Because the crime case in the land was business of the police, the Coast Guard was not able to cope alone in the remote isolated island department either. I did crime coping in the remote island where the police officer who appointed it on discussion with commissioner-general of the National Police Agency by Coast Guard law revision of 2012 was not resident with a duty. Based on Clause 2 of Coast Guard Article 28, I apply the Performance of Police Functions Act mutatis mutandis. In addition, the marine peace officer is prescribed with a judicial police constable in particular by marine preservation method Article 31, Criminal Procedure Code Article 190 to carry out the crime investigation.

In addition, the Coast Guard (the preservation station) at the time of the foundation was considered that I controlled office work about the storage of the old navy vessels for the duration [10].

Territory

There is it with "the sea", and the geographical limit is not established in the rule of Coast Guard method Article 1 [11]. However, the main activity sea area is territorial waters, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Japan, a search help area based on the Japan-U.S. SAR agreement (around 1,200 nautical miles southeastern than the mainland). Of these, there is approximately 4,470,000 km2 even in the area that merged the EEZ with the territorial waters and is equivalent to approximately 11.8 times of the territory (approximately 380,000 km2) [12]. I will be in charge of very large area of the sea of approximately 36 times of the country area when I match an SAR agreement allotment level with this. When it is hard to deal only by patrol boat and plane of the Coast Guard in a search rescue duty, a request of the disaster dispatch is given to the Marine Self Defense Force and the Air Self-Defense Force by each Regional Coast Guard Headquarters. Preparations to perform dispatch of an escort ship, a patrol aircraft, a rescue squadron in the Marine Self Defense Force in response to a request of the disaster dispatch, and to cooperate with activity of the Coast Guard are spread. Similarly, in the case of the Air Self-Defense Force, the wrecking crew of the aviation rescue group cooperates with the Coast Guard by activity such as the search rescue more than (1958) mainly in 1958. In addition, I have authority to investigate even if the investigation amounts about the case that occurred on the sea inland.

The territory was limited at first with (Coast Guard method Article 1 Clause 1 at the time of the establishment) in "port, gulf, coast area of the sea of straits or other Japan" [11], but it was revised later and was merely prescribed in "the sea", and the limitation of the territory was canceled. The territory extends to the whole world, and "I spread it, and, for one, there are the pirates search duties to be able to put Strait of Malacca the plutonium transportation guards duty of European - Japanese-style room by an island" an exclusive ship. When a large-scale disaster occurs in an inland, based on the request from the local government and the organization concerned, I may act as the rescue operation in the inland, and the territory is wide.

I am in charge of the use of the Antarctic observation ship as part of ocean study in the American Coast Guard, but the Marine Self Defense Force applies the Antarctic observation ship of Japan.

I may offer the know-how that I obtained in the process of the duty to water police and the Coast Guard of each country. I dispatch the staff in Southeast Asias such as Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines through international collaboration mechanism in the staff and retired employees of the Coast Guard [13].

Character of the Coast Guard

In the text of Coast Guard method Article 25 [explanatory note 2], it is prescribed definitely that the Coast Guard is not the armed force, and it is grounds understood that it is in this way the marine police of the civilian. Therefore an emblem, badges, the uniform is considered so that the thing which does not image an armed forces color is taken in. The navigation system of ship in itself of round of inspection vessels and boats is approximately similar to a private ship, and the marine preservation duties are carried out by the remaining crew (the staff). In addition, I leave several duty during anchorage and wait at in the ship or the lodgings.

However, the Japanese Coast Guard adopting the uniform which followed the Coast Guard of other countries because the navy and the Coast Guard resemble the design of the uniform in a lot of common parts worldwide may really sell the Coast Guard with the overseas news and document as "an associate military affairs organization" because border patrol, the Coast Guard which can generally use sovereignty is recognized with "an associate military affairs organization" when I resemble a military uniform of each country navy including the Marine Self Defense Force and see it worldwide. In addition, at shift time to the National Security Board which was ever founded in unification purposes such as the Coast Guard, the Maritime Guard (the Coast Guard) of the internal organization existed as an associate military affairs organization in spite of being a short term [explanatory note 3].

In addition, a warship is defined as the associate military affairs organization in the sea from the viewpoint of international law (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), and rank and a list are necessary about the crew [15]. In addition, neighborhood [explanatory note 4], this are hard to say to the sailor system indicating the range of responsibilities, the duties such as members of captain, mate, chief engineer, operator, deck boy, accounting office as a member of administrative occupation to get in a ship to understand it from "the history of government official name" that the Coast Guard is an associate military affairs organization, and the rank of the Coast Guard depends on Japanese internal affair and Buddhist monk systems not being known to treating it as "the associate military affairs organization" with documents too much.

Relations with the Marine Self Defense Force

The Coast Guard does a private ship with a duty object as the first duty in territorial waters, the preservation duty of the exclusive economic zone mainly as the marine police which is an organization of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (the old Department of Transportation) (extra-ministerial committee). Coping aims for a warship, the warplane of other countries mainly, and the Marine Self Defense Force which is a special engine of Ministry of Defense which is the other system exists for it administratively, and marine guard actions are produced only after it depends on official announcement of the maritime security operation by the Minister of Defense.

Former navy regular officer from Naval Academy carried the core on a forerunner, the Maritime Guard of the Marine Self Defense Force and was installed in the Coast Guard in April, 1952 whereas an old navy spare officer from high merchant ship school until before World War II end of the war carried the core on the Coast Guard and was established in May, 1948.

The high merchant ship school life was appointed at the time of graduation by a navy spare second lieutenant or a navy spare engine second lieutenant and played an active part as the captain of the coastal defense ship, the captain, the coxswain of the special war vessel or a chief engineer of those war vessels in the fleet guards, the front line of the coast guard when summoned in wartime, and every ship was commandeered by the military, and the merchant ship which I got on board engaged in supplies, the strength of an army transportation business of the danger sea area, and even a spare officer worked not to be defeated by a regular officer from Naval Academy. Still, for the principle of of the old navy where elitism to assume Naval Academy a top was identity old boy system overemphasis, the principle of educational background supremacy, as for the spare officer, in the case of the emergency, priority of the authority succession was done with a low rank than the regular officer as the officer based on 軍令承行令 even if it was an excellent expert without being done with the officer. A death in battle rate of the person from high merchant ship school was high rather than a person from Naval Academy in the Pacific War, and this left a ruination for relations of the Coast Guard (person from high merchant ship school) and the Marine Self Defense Force (person from Naval Academy) up to coming ages.

Noto Peninsula offing mystery ship case occurred in 1999, and the first maritime security operation was exercised by the Marine Self Defense Force saying that a situation was beyond ability of the Coast Guard. I received reflection of this time, and, after a case, "the joint coping manual" about mystery ship measures was devised between the Coast Guard and the Marine Self Defense Force [17], and it was started from a situation in the fighting former navy and the treatment that I received, and it was a chance to improve the remote relations between both who continued for a long time, and training of reinforcement and both engines combination of the information communication system came to be performed by a grudge at the time of the establishment. At this point, Defense Academy, a person from Coast Guard Academy came to occupy it up to a senior leader. In addition, the patrol boat which was superior to the elasticity-proof at high speed, and was given ability for long-distance shooting came to be constructed. Furthermore, a revision of Coast Guard method Article 20 Clause 2 which established a use of weapon standard in marine guard duties in 2001 was performed, and, in addition, only in the constant condition bottom, 阻却 (immunity from responsibility) came to be considered to be it illegality of Sheriff sea by harm shooting to the crew of the said ship [11]. Kyushu southwest sea area spy ship case occurs just after this revision.

In addition, the Marine Self Defense Force applies the Performance of Police Functions Act, Coast Guard method mutatis mutandis and acts because the Marine Self Defense Force takes over a duty of the Coast Guard at the time of the maritime security operation temporarily.

The pilot of the fixed-wing aircraft which the Coast Guard applies is consigned to the Ozuki education air group training a pilot of the Marine Self Defense Force and receives the education that followed a member of the Marine Self Defense Force [18]. (the rotor blade machine trains it in the Coast Guard School)

Conduct by the Minister of Defense

When there were defense dispatch and the action for public peace and order of the Self-Defense Forces by Self-Defense Forces Law Article 80 [explanatory note 5], I may be incorporated under the conduct of the Minister of Defense particularly when needed by the order of the Prime Minister. I imitated the rule that the American Coast Guard which became an establishment model of the early Coast Guard (the Marine Self Defense Force is founded later via the Maritime Guard) came under the command of U.S. Navy as for this in the wartime, and was applied as the armed forces.

But I direct it to do the guard to the place (Self-Defense Forces facilities) that the Self-Defense Forces need to the last carefully and command each military unit of the Self-Defense Forces and the Coast Guard in a real guard action unitarily, and, as for the field of activities and activity authority, it is thought that I do the cooperation of both smoothly and remain by not particularly usually changing with time (you must obey the Performance of Police Functions Act about the use of the weapon in particular to the last) when I come under the command of the Minister of Defense. In addition, there is the indication "does Self-Defense Forces Law Article 80 not contradict Coast Guard method Article 25 as far as I read the contents?", but the conduct for the military unit of the Coast Guard of the Minister of Defense is performed for Commandant (civil officer) not what is performed directly (indirectly) [19]. Therefore it is thought that it does not contradict it.

Conduct by other ministers

It is said to the Commandant, "I each receive the conduct supervision of the minister about the office work to belong to the jurisdiction of the minister except the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport" by a Coast Guard method Article 10 proviso, and, for example, it-affiliated, the emigration and immigration of the national public safety commission chairman receive the conduct supervision of the Minister of Justice by the peace and order relations of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries by the fishery-related control [20].

Organization

The number of the total staffs is 13,422 people, and this is about the same with the Aichi Police. 257,125 police officers of the whole country are (April 1, 2010), marine self-defense official 45,517 people for your information (April 1, 2012).

  • Budget: Approximately 187,600 million yen (2015 original budget) [1] (reference: in 2011 as for the Marine Self Defense Force budget approximately 1,100,800 million yen)
  • Vessels and boats: 454 (as of January, 2016)
  • Plane: 74 (as of January, 2016)

A Director General and special job

Internal subdivision

As an internal subdivision, five parts and two supervisors are employed.

Engines such as facilities

As organizations such as facilities, two education training facilities are installed.

地方支分部局

As 地方支分部局, 11 Regional Coast Guard Headquarters is set up.

Regional Coast Guard Headquarters

The catchment area of each district of the special mention is in charge of the area (land) of the metropolis and districts concerned, coast area of the sea and the offing area of the sea as far as there is not it.

 
Regional Coast Guard Headquarters
District catchment area of each marine preservation headquarters
The district name The headquarters location Catchment area
District under jurisdiction of first Otaru-shi, Hokkaido Hokkaido (I include the northern territories)
The second district Shiogama-shi, Miyagi Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, Fukushima (the offing area of the sea is in charge only of the Pacific side)
The third district Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi IbarakiTochigiGunmaSaitamaChibaTokyoKanagawaYamanashiShizuoka
The fourth district Minato-ku, Nagoya-shi GifuAichiMie
District under jurisdiction of fifth Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi Shiga, Kyoto (Nantan-shi and to the south), Osaka, Hyogo (the Seto Inland Sea side), Nara, Wakayama, Tokushima, Kochi
District under jurisdiction of sixth Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi (the Seto Inland Sea side from Yamaguchi-shi and to the east), Kagawa, Ehime
District under jurisdiction of seventh Moji-ku, Kitakyushu-shi Yamaguchi (the Seto Inland Sea side from Ube-shi and to the west, the Sea of Japan side), Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Oita (the area of the sea top is in charge of the Ariake Sea of Kumamoto)
District under jurisdiction of eighth Maizuru-shi, Kyoto Kyoto (Kyotanba-cho and to the north), Fukui, Hyogo (the Sea of Japan side), Tottori, Shimane (I include Takeshima)
District under jurisdiction of ninth Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Nagano (the offing area of the sea is in charge of the Sea of Japan side of the Tohoku district)
District under jurisdiction of tenth Kagoshima-shi Kumamoto (in the area of the sea top except the Ariake Sea), Miyazaki, Kagoshima
District under jurisdiction of eleventh Naha-shi, Okinawa Okinawa (I include Senkaku Islands)

Office of the Regional Coast Guard Headquarters

Rank

Rank and post of the Coast Guard
Rank \ position Central government office The district headquarters Marine Safety Department Marine preservation station Traffic on the seas center Air base PL type patrol boat PM type patrol boat PS type patrol boat PC type patrol boat CL type patrol boat
Director General Commandant
The vice-chief
海上保安監
Vice-Director at Coast Guard
海上保安監
一等海上保安監, the former Director The general manager
一等海上保安監, the second Councillor The vice-chief Large-scale director
二等海上保安監 Section manager Director Director Director Mayor of base Captain
Duties curator
三等海上保安監 Assistant manager
Specialty official
Section manager The vice-chief The head The vice-chief The vice-chief
Each director
○○The head Captain
Duties curator
The marine preservation plus The chief of a subsection Assistant manager
Specialty official
Section manager The vice-chief Section manager Duties unification curator
Each director
Seat of honor ○○ person
Chief ○○ person


Top ○○ person ○○The head Captain
Second-class marine preservation plus Member of specialty The chief of a subsection Specialty official The vice-chief
Specialty official
Chief ○○ person
○○Person
Chief ○○ person Top ○○ person Chief ○○ person Captain
Third-class marine preservation plus Person in charge Member of specialty The chief of a subsection
Member of specialty
The chief of a subsection
Member of specialty
The chief of a subsection
Member of specialty
The chief of a subsection
○○Person
Chief ○○ person
○○Person
Chief ○○ person
○○Person
Chief ○○ person
○○Person
Chief ○○ person
○○Person
Captain
Marine preservation person Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge
○○員
○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person
Second-class marine preservation person Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge
○○員
○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person
Third-class marine preservation person Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge Person in charge
○○員
○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person ○○Assistant person
Student Defense Academy student
Preservation school student
  • In the case of the vessels and boats staff, operational commander, gunnery, observation, flight, maintenance, aviation communication enters ,○○ depending on a ship class other than a voyage, an engine, communication, accounting office.
  • In the case of the air base staff, a flight, maintenance, communication, a search radar is in ,○○.

The equipment

Flag

I use the emblem which designed the compass which is indispensable for seagoing.

Mascot

 
Mascot のうーみん

In 1998, mascot character was established in commemoration of the establishment 50th anniversary. "I give birth, and a circle" is established in children of the saddleback seal by a motif. "うーみん" which imaged a woman peace officer with for younger sister in 2002 was established. These characters are used by publicity work positively. In addition, the national local versions such as Namahage of Akita or Nebuta of Aomori exist, too.

The work which became the subject

脚注

注釈

  1. ^ 参考として、特別職の国家公務員である海上自衛隊は、人員約4万5千人、総予算規模約1.05兆円であり、防衛省予算に占める陸・海・空自衛隊の総人件・糧食費の比率は44.5%になる。
  2. ^ 海上保安庁法第25条「この法律のいかなる規定も海上保安庁又はその職員が軍隊として組織され、訓練され、又は軍隊の機能を営むことを認めるものとこれを解釈してはならない。」
  3. ^ 米海軍の裁定は以下の通りだった。一、Y機構の名称の海上保安予備隊は不可。ぜひともCoastal Safety Force(沿岸警備隊)とせよ。』[14]
  4. ^ 『海上保安庁の船舶は、軍艦ではないので、士官下士官といった海軍の階級制度ではなく、職員部員といった船舶職員の制度に近いものである。』[16]
  5. ^ 自衛隊法第80条第1条は、「内閣総理大臣は、第七十六条第一項(防衛出動)又は第七十八条第一項(治安出動)の規定による自衛隊の全部又は一部に対する出動命令があつた場合において、特別の必要があると認めるときは、海上保安庁の全部又は一部をその統制下に入れることができる。」、同法同条第2項は「内閣総理大臣は、前項の規定により海上保安庁の全部又は一部をその統制下に入れた場合には、政令で定めるところにより、防衛大臣にこれを指揮させるものとする。」、同法同条第3項は「内閣総理大臣は、第一項の規定による統制につき、その必要がなくなつたと認める場合には、すみやかに、これを解除しなければならない。」と規定する。
  6. ^ 2008年10月1日、常滑保安署と伊勢航空基地を統合し開設。
  7. ^ 1996年前後に存在が明らかにされた。
  8. ^ 美星(岡山県井原市(旧美星町)、2008年4月1日閉所)・白浜(静岡県下田市、2006年3月31日閉所)

出典

  1. ^ a b c 海上保安庁パンフレット (PDF)
  2. ^ 我が国の情報機能について,総理官邸資料,P5
  3. ^ a b c 平成12年版海上保安庁白書広く国民の皆様に海上保安庁の業務を分かりやすく理解していただくため、海上保安庁のロゴ、ロゴマーク及びキャッチコピーを定めた。」
  4. ^ a b 海上保安庁法第2条
  5. ^ 特集 海上保安庁の精神 正義仁愛,海上保安レポート2014
  6. ^ 海上保安レポート2015
  7. ^ 海上保安庁法第25条
  8. ^ 『よみがえる日本海軍(上)』p.129
  9. ^ 光波標識5208基・電波標識59基・その他の標識42基
  10. ^ 制定時の海上保安庁法附則第35条。
  11. ^ a b c 海上保安庁の国際活動,福山潤三,国会図書館,レファレンス 平成22年1月号
  12. ^ 5 海を知る > CHAPTER II 海洋情報の提供,海上保安レポート2014
  13. ^ 諸外国への海上保安能力向上支援等,海上保安庁
  14. ^ 『海上自衛隊はこうして生まれた―「Y文書」が明かす創設の秘密』 p.259 NHK報道局「自衛隊」報道班
  15. ^ 国連海洋法条約 条文第2部(英文)Definition of warships: For the purposes of this Convention, "warship" means a ship belonging to the armed forces of a State bearing the external marks distinguishing such ships of its nationality, under the command of an officer duly commissioned by the government of the State and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent, and manned by a crew which is under regular armed forces discipline.:条文で軍艦などの「艦」とつく船の定義(乗員についても)が行われている。政府用船(巡視船等)については"government ships"としている。
  16. ^ 『海上保安庁パーフェクトガイド』 p.159
  17. ^ 2004年防衛白書
  18. ^ パイロットと整備士を養成する海上保安学校宮城分校 航空研修
  19. ^ 自衛隊法施行令第103条「法第80条第2項 の規定による大臣の海上保安庁の全部又は一部に対する指揮は、海上保安庁長官に対して行うものとする。」。
  20. ^ 海上保安庁の武力紛争法上の地位

参考文献

公的刊行物

一般刊行物

定期刊行物

関連項目

外部リンク

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