2016년 11월 22일 화요일

Tailpiece rifleman

Tailpiece rifleman

British poster during World War II that I described the tailpiece rifleman of the Halifax bomber in

A tailpiece rifleman (びぶじゅうしゅ, tail gunner) or the rear rifleman (こうぶじゅうしゅ, rear gunner) is a crew of the warplanes to carry the duty of the rifleman defending with a turning machine gun and a turning cannon for the attack of the enemy fighter on from the body rear or the "plane tail" direction.

The tailpiece rifleman operates movable guns installed in the body back and the plane tail which do not generally disturb backward view. Terms "tailpiece rifleman" (tail gunner) usually point to the crew who is in operation to the gun tower inside in a gun rest, but there is the thing operated in remoteness tailpiece armament depending on a model from the different part of the body.

Table of contents

Summary

 
Tailpiece gun tower (Daks Ford empire war Museum) of the abRolland caster
 
Tailpiece gun tower of the flying fortress

The kind and the placement of the armament facing rear varied by a country. With the heavy bomber of the U.S. Army Airlines forces during World War II such as flying fortress and the B-29 (USAAF), a rifleman operated the independent gun tower which had a lighting field of approximately 90 degrees to the backward length and breadth direction from the standfast. The typical armament was 0.50 inches of AN/M2 of two orders. In contrast with this, 180 degrees that every tailpiece rifleman put four 0.303 inches (7.7mm) of M1919 machine guns on used a pivotable power type gun tower with the heavy bomber such as abRolland caster and ハンドレページハリファックス of the Royal Air Force. The armament was two AN/M2, but the placement like this adopted even American コンソリデーテッド B-24 heavy bomber.

Mostly the position of the defense armament for the rear was a gun rest in the back of the crew division or the back for the body middle by bomber of Luftwaffe such as Do 17, He 111 and Ju 88. It was enough, but, as for this, it was necessary to add a gun tower to the body undersurface to cover a bottom from the body undersurface to cover the top from the body top surface.

With the smaller light bomber (dive-bomber) and air raider such as Ju 87 and SBD, the rear rifleman operated a machine gun fixed to the gun rest which was snowbound with stability, an opening state or a canopy behind immediately of the pilot. The rear rifleman of the model of these forms usually held an additional post of an operator and a navigation person.

The tailpiece rifleman had the second duty called the searching for the enemy of the enemy fighter and was important at the time of the bombing particularly by night. Because these bombers flew individually without making crowd formation, you must take the bold evasion action such as the corkskrew roll as the first correspondence for the night fighter which I attacked, and the firing for the defense was second. On the other hand, [1] that called a tailpiece rifleman "tail end Charlie" ("Tail-end Charlies") in slang called it with "ヘックシュヴァイン" (Heckschwein: a pig of the tail end) in the German air force in R.A.F.

The tailpiece rifleman was utilized during World War II most commonly and was a large bomber by the Vietnam War in the last. However, this role became approximately useless by the development of the missile detection / opposition device which was modern with the antiaircraft weapon of the long range such as the air-to-air missile.

The last use in the battle

 
Tailpiece gun tower (Daks Ford empire war Museum) of the B-52

On December 18, 1972 during an Operation linebacker II (is known as "Christmas bombing" of President Richard Nixon) period, the B-52 of the American air force, Strategic Air Command carried out an air strike attack with "the greatest force" for North Vietnam. When a bomber came close toward an aim, SAM (Surface To Air Missiles: land-to-air missile) has begun to explode around a B-52 [2]. A plane completed a throw bullet ("Brown III"), and a fighter of the North Vietnam Air Force turned in response to the warning that got for the interception, and call sign "brown three" has begun to return. The tailpiece rifleman Samuel O Turner (Samuel O. Turner) sergeant (SSGT) of the brown three machine caught the MiG-21 which came close rapidly and shot down an enemy plane in one blaze of 0.50 inches of machine guns of 4 multi-launching when I came within the range. The Sergeant Turner became the tailpiece rifleman of the bomber which shot down the first enemy plane since the Korean War. The B-52 of plane turn 55-0676 is displayed now in Fairchild Air Force Base of Washington, スポケーン [2].

On December 24, 1972, a plane attacked a train accumulation place in Thai Nguyen B-52 "diamond Lil" displayed by American Air Force Academy of Colorado in the middle of the same bombing offensive ("Diamond Lil") now. It was a MiG-21 of the North Vietnam Air Force to have risen for interception, and capture [3] did a MiG-21 at distance of 4,000 yards, and tailpiece rifleman Albert, the Eddie Moore (Albert E. Moore) private (Airman) of the "diamond Lil" plane fired 0.50 inches of machine guns of 4 multi-launching. The shooting down of the Moore private was witnessed by the tailpiece rifleman Clarence W チュート (Clarence W. Chute) technique sergeant (TSGT) of the different B-52 and confirmed the MiG-21 which the チュート technology sergeant was wrapped up in flame, and crashed. The Moore private became the tailpiece rifleman of the last bomber which shot down an enemy plane with a machine gun in the wartime.

Masterpiece of the model having a rear emplacement

The plane described here has various rear emplacements, tailpiece emplacements.

in Germany

  • Rear emplacement of Ju 87

  • Back emplacement of He 111

  • Swelling of the backward emplacement seen in the upper crew division of Ju 88 Skyhawk

  • Rotary emplacement of the upper crew division of Ju 188

  • The gun tower of Fw 191 is all remote control from the crew division of the body front part

  • Tailpiece emplacement of Fw 189

  • Tailpiece emplacement of Ju 290

  • Tailpiece rifleman of He 177

in the U.K.

The Lewis light machine gun of two orders is equipped with by the scarf ring of the tailpiece end.

Oil pressure made of Nash and Thompson equipped with 0.303 inches (7.7mm) of M1919 machine guns was usually a type, or the bomber of R.A.F. during World War II comprised the tailpiece gun tower of the Boulton pole electricity oil pressure type made.

I comprised the tailpiece gun tower of the expression to manually operate equipped with Lewis light machine gun of 単装 at first, but Nash and Thompson gun tower of 2 or 4 multi-launching came to be attached later.
4 multi-launching Nash and Thompson tailpiece gun towers.
4 multi-launching Boulton pole gun towers.
There was the body equipped with 4 multi-launching Nash and Thompson tailpiece gun towers, radar aim gun tower (Village Inn) automatic in last years of war "Village in", too.
I remote-control the イスパノ 20mm cannon which I put on barbet of the engine Nasser rear from the position of the tailpiece rifleman.
A tailpiece gun tower of 2 multi-launching M1919.

  • Back gun tower of the Bristol blurring nim

  • Tailpiece emplacement of Armstrong ホイットワースホイットレイ equipped with M1919 machine gun

  • Tailpiece gun tower of short Sunderland

  • Tailpiece gun tower of ハンドレページハリファックス

  • Tailpiece gun tower of ビッカースウェリントン

  • Short sterling tailpiece gun tower

in the United States

  • Backward gun tower of TBF アヴェンジャー

  • Back gun tower and tailpiece gun tower of the PBM Mariner

  • Tailpiece gun tower of the B-25

  • Tailpiece gun tower of B-26

  • Tailpiece gun tower of the B-24

  • Tailpiece gun tower of the B-29

  • Tailpiece of B-52F

Soviet Union / Russia

  • Tailpiece gun tower of Il-76

  • Tailpiece gun tower of Il-28

  • Tailpiece gun tower of Tu-16

  • Tailpiece gun tower of the Tu-95

  • Tailpiece gun tower of Tu-22

  • Tailpiece gun tower of the Tu-22M

  • Remote control tailpiece gun tower of Il-102

Great Japanese Empire

  • A derivation type of the キ 109-4 sets heavy bomber, a special fighter interceptor. Most defense emplacements were removed by weight gain by the 75mm gun (ホ 501) deployment, but only the tailpiece emplacement was left.
  • I equip Miyama - tailpiece with a conic shelter belt and carry a 12.7mm machine gun one order.
  • Based on a tailpiece emplacement of the flying fortress which did mountain ranges - 鹵獲, I equip it with the power-type tailpiece emplacement which carried a 12.7mm multi-launching machine gun.

  • The back emplacement, tailpiece emplacement of 97 sets of heavy bombers. I see the lateral emplacement, too

  • Rear emplacement of 97 sets of light bombers

  • Rear emplacement of the 99 sets forces spy plane of 99 sets of surprise attacks machine and model

  • Back emplacement and tailpiece barbette of 100 sets of heavy bombers

  • Tailpiece emplacement of the complete set land air raider

  • Tailpiece emplacement of two sets of flying boats

  • The photograph from the side of mountain ranges. I see a tailpiece emplacement

Source

  1. It was a tail machine of the formation, or these words pointed to the formation which acted as the tail of the large formation in the ^ U.S. land air force, but were a position very high-risk both
  2. ^ a b McCarthy, p. 139
  3. ^ McCarthy, p. 141
  • McCarthy, Donald J. Jr. MiG Killers; A Chronology of US Air Victories in Vietnam 1965-1973. 2009. ISBN 978-1 - 58,007-136-9.

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