Padlock
I intrude, and the padlock (I lock [1], パドロック pad with Nanjing じょう, Padlock) carries away some kind of assets, facilities, facilities in front of a portable lock and is used though I protect it from theft, vanda rhythm, destruction, abuse, simple mischief.
The name called the padlock in Japan comes from that a thing derived from a foreign country and [2], a rare thing and a small thing name "Nanjing" [1] and were called it in the early modern times.
Table of contents
History
I was born as a convenient lock that the padlock carried it and could use everywhere. With the evidence that a padlock was used for in ancient Roman age from B.C. 500 to A.D. 300 [3]. The merchant who took a trip to each place in Asia led by ancient China used the padlock [4]. This has the possibilities that it is older than ancient Roman age. A spring and the padlock using the tooth are excavated with the house trace of the buffet in York of England and are done with a thing of about A.D. 850 [5].
The padlock used early in the United States of America was called "smokehouse lock" and was made with the board of the wrought iron and used a simple lever and the mechanism of Ward. This design was brought in by England. However, it was not so useful for security means. At the same time, the padlock of the "screw key" expression is devised in a Slavic district of Europe. I insert a spiral key and unlock it by pulling a fixed bolt with a powerful spring. If this became useless for the security, various locks and keys came to be used for a padlock. The padlock was improved by the improvement of the production technology, too, and smokehouse lock was not used by about 1910.
The padlock of the safe "Scandinavia" expression was brought by the United States than クリストフェル pool heme invented it at the mid-19th century. It is made of cast iron, and the lock mechanism is the disk tumbler lock which several turning disks have and coming at the same time. The notch which a key is inserted in on each disk is central. At the time of the locking, a disk fits in into the notch of the installment. McWilliams company acquired a patent in 1871. The Scandinavian style padlock gains a great success; JHW Climax & Co of New Jersey Newark. But, I continued producing it until the 1950s. There is still a country producing this type of padlocks any place other than the United States of America.
At the same time, the padlock called the "cast heart" model came up from the shape, too. It is more firm than smokehouse lock, and there is causticity-resistant than Scandinavian style. I form brass with a mold of the sand and adopt a safer lever tumbler lock. There was a cover with a spring to prevent that the key hole was clogged up with something as an important characteristic. In addition, a chain came to be connected to prevent it from losing lock in itself, and being stolen. Because the padlock of the cast heart type resisted environment exposed to wind and rain outdoors, I was used well by rail.
When it was the 1870s, the lockmaker has begun to make the cheap padlock which I put in the main body which made the lock mechanism of the cast heart type with thinner iron and brass not a casting. The main body cover died a metal plate, and puts the system of the lever tumbler lock there and fastens it with a rivet. A cast heart type was more firm, but was popular well because it was cheap. In 1908, Adams & Westlake acquires the patent of such a padlock. I have begun to change even a railroad from a cast heart type from the inexpensiveness there. The other companies took advantage of this, too and it produced it and sold a similar padlock.
Yale & Towne was a lever tumbler type and, in 1877, acquired the patent of the padlock of the form that an installment turned in an open lock. I came to let you slide it into the main body of the casting of the brass at the point that the important point in the design made lock mechanism a cartridge, and was assembled particularly. And I fasten it with a taper pin to carry through the main body and lock mechanism. I became able to change lock mechanism, and a market called the maintenance of the padlock was in this way created. Approximately 20 years later, the Linus yell youth devised a different cartridge-type padlock. This adopted the mechanism of the pin tumbler lock and an installment slid and came to open.
Manufacturing came to be usable for the production before the lock from the early 19th century, but the manufacturing was the technique that cost too much until a power network was set in the early 20th century, and an electric machine tool appeared. A machined padlock comes up in about 1905 and does not almost change with a modern padlock. A lock maker using the early manufacturing includes Corbin and Eagle. The things which the padlock of these days already disintegrates, and lock mechanism became able to change are often found. It became natural to use the machine tool for the production of the padlock afterwards. There is the thing which I attached a cover to so that it becomes difficult to cut a latch (crane) using a tool to a modern padlock.
The beginning of 1920s, Harry ゾレフ which founded Master Lock started the production of the padlock of the laminating type. I put the board which I died it out of from a metal plate and form the main body. I make a hole in the center and put a lock system. I fasten the board which I put on lock mechanism with a rivet. Because it was cheap and was superior in impact resistance, it became popular. A padlock in imitation of this design is still made in all parts of the world [6].
When the 1930s began, a die-casting became mainstream. It is not the cheapest manufacturing process, but various designs are possible. There are Junkunc Brothers, Wise Lock Company, a maker such as Chicago Lock. Cheaper processing technique came up, and the padlock of the die-casting went out of fashion afterwards.
Evaluation as the lock
In the present age, I am used as the lock which is cheap mainly, and is simple. Generally, unlocking it is possible by picking, van Ping, the acquisition of the duplicate key which the manufacturer sells again for the person who almost received training for the specialized skill to unlock of the spreading padlock in several minutes. In addition, I come easily in 破錠 if I use the tools such as a hammer, ボルトカッタ, the drill which are used a lot for an invasion and theft and do not turn for the locking of the place needing a severe seal.
There is the test method that ASTM, Sold Secure (the U.K.), European standardization Committee (CEN), an organization such as TNO (the Netherlands) developed as a resistant quantitative evaluation of the padlocks for destruction, the illegal act. The resistant evaluation standard of this padlock does not assume that the destruction is impossible with the thing "which it takes for ○○ until it is done 破錠" from a beginning. As an example, "the gold rate" for the most superior segment by Sold Secure means, "I need five minutes until the destruction with the tool".
Material
There are many things of the brass, but there is the thing of a product made in steel and the product made in aluminum mainly, too. Processing is easy for the brass, but there is the thing which I enhanced with a crane part as stainless steel because strength is low.
Structure
The padlock is comprised of the main body, an installment (crane), lock mechanism. I hang the latch on an object protecting it with U-shaped metal generally. In the state that I unlocked, one side of the installment slides apart from the main body and turns. There is the installment that the form such as a linear installment, a circular installment, a chain or the cable is not decided among them. There is the thing which an installment isolates in the main body and perfection when I unlock it.
I am modularized that the lock mechanism of the padlock was incorporated in the main body, and there is an exchangeable thing separation. Mechanism of the embedded model includes a disk tumbler lock (the disk which is seen in a Scandinavian style padlock, and was turned by a key is engaged with a notch at the tip of the installment and locks it) and lever tumbler lock (similarly a bolt engages with the notch of the installment when I turn a right key and locks it). With many padlocks of the embedded model to the padlock which is designed, and is old which cannot disintegrate. In addition, I often need a key at the time of the locking.
In the modern modularized padlock, a tumbler does not fix a direct installment. On the other hand, it is in the structure that it is necessary to turn a key when I release mechanism to engage with the notch of the installment. In other words, I have only to push an installment into the main body on the occasion of locking. In addition, the resolution is possible; is designed, and can change a lock mechanism part. A pin tumbler lock, a wafer tumbler lock, a disk tumbler lock are used as lock mechanism of this case well.
Combination lock
The padlock has the thing of the combination lock type and unlocks it because a wheel (dial) which a number and letters lined up in substitution for a key puts plural rows, them together definitely.
A number is three columns and does not spread 1,000 ways of pairs with the simple thing. The method of unlocking it is already established for the time being, and the injustice of the dial-type padlock spreads on a net, but I cope with the situation to a slightly expensive thing, and a number of unlocking it is to the variableness-type thing. In addition, 100,000 ways of five columns of combinatorial things having difficulty in unlocking it appear by the total hit method recently.
Padlock type icon
When I carry out secure transaction by the HTTPS in Web, the information is encrypted by public key encryption and is transmitted. Depending on a Web browser, I show that I display a padlock type icon then and use a secure protocol.
The padlock type icon that a latch fits in into the item where parental lock becomes effective in a setting window of Nintendo 3DS is displayed, but the padlock type icon that an installment goes out in the item becoming invalid is displayed.
Gallery
|
Footnote, source
- ^ a b ACE product question and answer - Sugita ace Co., Ltd.
- ^ National Diet Library reference cooperation database
- ^ Roman padlocks
- ^ An Introduction to the History of Locks
- ^ The Ancient Art of the Locksmith
- ^ "Twenty-Two Plates Put In Laminated Lock" Popular Science, March 1932, bottom of page 49
Allied item
Outside link
- History of Locks inventors.about.com
- There is the example of a padlock and the patent that ANTIQUE PADLOCKS is old.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Padlock
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기