2016년 11월 9일 수요일

Matsushima

Matsushima

Vagueness evasion Please see "Matsushima" (vagueness evasion) about other uses of "Matsushima".
Japanese map .svg

House of geography map Google map Matsushima

Matsushima

Matsushima (stripe to wait for) is an archipelago of big things and small things more than 260 outside the Matsushima inside of the gulf of Miyagi. Or it is the arranging scenery district that the Matsushima hill around those archipelagos and gulf people included. It is counted in one of the three most beautiful views in Japan. The sightseeing getting into number of visitors of 2010 6,240,000 people [1].

Table of contents

The topography, natural

In Matsushima, the east end of the Matsushima hill separating Sendai Hirano to the north and south reaches the sea and is the archipelago where seawater gets into the ria by the sedimentation topography where the Rias coast where it does agallochum, and there was it advanced to more, and the mountaintop remained as an island. As a whole, I form Matsushima-Wan (wide sense), and the depth of the water in the gulf is less than 10 meters. This tells you about being the topography where the ground sinks at every big earthquake little by little from the past, and there was this whole area. Tufa, the sandstone of the layer, the erosion including the conglomerate have most strata in this area in very fragile rock-like character in Tertiary period, and, as for the washed part, it is eroded easily in particular by a wave. Therefore, as for much Kojima, pines vegetate in the upper part, and the base near the sea surface shows grayish white bave rock from white. Furthermore, sea level neighborhood is washed by a wave and is scooped out to an acute angle, and there is the thing becoming the form similar to the mushroom a little. In addition, the sea cliff such as the Saga Valley counted among strangely shaped rocks by the erosion and the Japan's three biggest valley is seen. Because Matsushima is managed on the stratum which is easy to catch erosion, the weathering in this way, it is thought that the scenery changed little by little for long time, and it is thought that there is delicate between the current thing difference that I was listed in past documents. In the island where Godai-do Hall is installed in, it is eroded sea level neighborhood, and the future is anxious about.

In addition, the name is added to all more than 260 islands. In 2007, I was chosen by 100 selections of geological features of Japan.

Influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake

Damage such as a part of the cultural assets of the island being damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake (the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake) generated on March 11, 2011 and the massive tsunami that I hit just after that occurred, but the damage is more minimal than the neighboring local governments and finishes it. It is a buffer material, and islands dotted in one and Matsushima-Wan which speed falls when the tsunami enters the shallow sea as the reason, and suddenly lose energy are considered to have weakened the force of the tsunami [2]; [3].

Matsushima is appointed in the special natural beauty spot of the country, and "a special natural beauty spot Matsushima preservation management plan" is devised by Miyagi that is a management group. When perform a present conditions change (new construction of the building) especially in the protection district in the natural beauty spot "Matsushima" designation area, based on a Cultural Properties Protection Act and above-mentioned preservation management plan, permission of the Miyagi Board of Education and the Agency for Cultural Affairs is necessary [4]; [5]. The building new construction on the hill is the present conditions change, too, but Miyagi demands deregulation from the Agency for Cultural Affairs and will be considered as a result of discussion in the direction because the move requests from inhabitants to the hill increased by damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake [6]. I am going to push forward discussion in future in Miyagi and Shiogama-shi, Higashi-Matsushima-shi, Matsushima-machi, Shichigahama-machi, Rifu-cho of the designated range [7].

In addition, the Agency for Cultural Affairs will admit the construction of "debris processing facilities" in Matsushima in an exception (the cause of the limited limitation such as admitting it, and considering a color, the shape of facilities for neighboring scenery until March, 2014); [8].

Matsushima-Wan

Matsushima-Wan (wide sense) is our one which divided Gulf of Sendai that greatly spreads out in the coast of Pacific of Miyagi (wide sense) into three 支湾. In other words, it is Gulf of Sendai (narrow sense), Matsushima-Wan (wide sense), our middle with Gulf of Ishinomaki. There is mainly Matsushima-Wan (wide sense) in a beach whereas sandy beach Coast is important as for other two.

Matsushima-Wan (wide sense) is divided into Matsushima-Wan (narrow sense) and the Gulf of Shiogama of the south side (Chika ノ 浦) of the north side more.

There are many reefs in Matsushima-Wan (narrow sense) and is a sea area having difficulty in navigation for the stranger. Therefore I was considered to be "a naval port" indirectly in the Edo era by Masamune Date, and the Date house direct control facilities which I did including Zuigan-ji Temple were built as military installation a lot indirectly. Because Basho Matsuo is past the main military installation such as a castle or a strong position, the barrier of the Sendai feudal clan including Matsushima, there is a secret opinion. Those facilities become the tourist attractions now.

The Gulf of Shiogama of the south side was old and, as an outport of Michinoku Kokufu, Tagajo (map), functioned as an outport of castle town, Sendai (map) after the Edo era and functioned after World War II as Shiogama Minato-ku of the Shiogama, Sendai Port. Shiogama Minato-ku functions now as a fishing port mainly involving the sea near the shore tuna because the center of the distribution moved to Sendai Minato-ku. There was 鹽竈神社 on the mountain near the port, but this Shinto shrine was protected by the ruler who ruled the Heijokyo government, Oshu Fujiwara, this ground including Date and had the function as Yamashiro along with faith.

The participation to the most beautiful gulf club was accepted in the world in 2013.

Creature

As for the main fish in the gulf, a goby, a sea eel, the shellfish are a persimmon, short-necked clams. The Dendrobium monile kraenzl (せっこく) is said to be the northern limit where Miyagi area grows wild with a wild Orchidaceae plant. There is another name of "the Gyrophora esculenta" around Matsushima. A pink flower blooms in the beginning of June from the end of May at the flowering time of the flower. It was an endangered species, but I increase it from an original stock adhering to the branch of the aged cedar of the Zuigan-ji Temple precincts and become the potted souvenir now.

Sightseeing district

 
The Nobiru shore of Oku-Matsushima

Three most beautiful views in Japan, Matsushima parts from the Sendai side (the south side) to a master of "Shiogama" "Matsushima" "Oku-Matsushima" in three sightseeing districts along Matsushima-Wan.

Shiogama
Gulf of Shiogama coast district of Shiogama-shi. There is Shiogama Port of the port of departure and arrival of remote island routes such as a pleasure boat, Katsurashima (map) in 鹽竈神社 (map) and the gulf, the cold wind swamp Island (map). Shiogama Port is the specific third kind fishing port, and a sushi bar concentrates on it partly because there are many sea near the shore tunas and is landed. All Shiogama and a festival are held in the summer. In addition, 鹽竈, Shiogama, all Shiogama do it, and "they read with vug".
Matsushima
 
Sightseeing street of Matsushima-machi
(September, 2012)
The JR Matsushima-Kaigan Station neighborhood of Matsushima-machi, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi and Rifu-cho Hamada district. There is Matsushima Port of an island, O-jima Island (map) of the hallowed ground that was composed a traditional Japanese playing card on, Zuigan-ji Temple (in main hall of a Buddhist temple, 庫裏 a national treasure.a map) which Masamune Date revived, the encyclopedic knowledge House (map) with the popular name of "the rose temple", temples such as Godai-do Hall (map), landmark architectures such as Kanran-tei Pavilion (a viewing the moon palace.a map) which it is the guesthouse of the Date house, and is facilities for viewing the moon and the departure and arrival port of the inside of the gulf pleasure boat. In addition, a souvenir shop, a restaurant, the accommodations stand, and there is the Kohama Port of Malin peer Matsushima aquarium (map) and the yacht harbor, too. Matsushima floating of lanterns fireworks display is held in the Bon Festival, and fireworks color the ocean of Matsushima. Matsushima Onsen did open hot water in (2008) in 2008.
Oku-Matsushima
The northeastern part of Matsushima-Wan around Miyatojima (map) of Higashi-Matsushima-shi (former Naruse-cho) and a district of the Nobiru shore (map) whole area. "Oku-Matsushima" seeing from Sendai side of "Matsushima" because there is it earlier, is called so it. There is port of sightseeing ship departure and arrival to the Saga Valley of the Japan's three biggest valley (map). "Matsushima" attracts "Oku-Matsushima" with the taste that a lot of guest houses are quiet again whereas there are many a hotel and pleasure facilities. The Nobiru shore is full of quiet Hamanabe of the wave as a beach in the summertime. Called Takenohama call, and there is the beach of the sand, too, but is set a limit to an entrance for maintenance. In addition, along the shore is known as a running drive course, and Miyagi prefectural road 27 Oku-Matsushima Matsushima Park line (Oku-Matsushima park line) connecting "Matsushima" and Nobiru is done with the holding course of the Matsushima half marathon meeting in Health Sports Day in an average year. There is the shell mound called the village Beach shell mound (map) in Miyatojima of the land-tied island. Village Beach shell mound is a remain of approximately 4,000 years from (approximately 6,000 years ago) in the first half of Jomon period to the Yayoi period beginning, and the shell mound is located in the hill of 20-40 meters above sea level of the island.

View of Matsushima

4, Matsushima broad perspective

 
Hiroshige Utagawa "六十余州名所図会陸奥松島富山眺望之略図" (Edo era, Ansei period)

An arranging scenery point called "4, Matsushima broad perspective" (I feel it on a stripe to wait for) [9] lies scattered on the hill of Matsushima hill and the island around Matsushima-Wan. These come from "a salt pine surrounding seas four mountain" chosen in the Edo era by Confucianism person, Mannen Funayama of the Sendai feudal clan [10].

Other fine-view facilities

Well-known a view from "elder Hill" (a map.existing Miyagi prefectural road 144 Akanuma Matsushima line) which there are not the fine-view facilities for the sightseeing, but commander-in-chief of an expeditionary force against the barbarians, Tamuramaro Sakanoueno praised highly for (Enryaku era 16 years) for 797 years for a long time [11].

For other observation decks, there is "双観山" (map) which "pine (map) of the westing return", new Toyama (map), Matsushima Castle (so-called castle tower-like building), Shiogama and the Matsuhimakaigan whole area can overlook. In addition, the roof of the commercial facilities in ruins of the Atsuta-ya who stayed when Basho Matsuo stayed in Matsushima (the neighborhood of Zuigan-ji Temple approach to a shrine entrance) is opened free [12]. Because there is it now in the site of the hotel, large Kanzan hires only the user of the hotel.

There was Matsushima tower to be able to overlook Matsushima-Wan, but was dismantled once.

  • (the grand sight) View of Otakamori

  • (the grand sight) View of Otakamori

  • (麗観) View of Toyama

  • (麗観) View of Toyama

  • (麗観) Observation deck of Toyama

  • (幽観) View of Oogiya

  • (majesty) View of the Mt. god of treasure

  • View of 双観山

  • Matsushima Castle observation deck

  • Aerial photography around Matsushima

  • View of Godai-do Hall

  • A sightseeing in Matsushima ship and gull

Pleasure boat

 
One of the Japan's three biggest valleys Saga Valley

The pleasure boat of big things and small things goes into service, and Matsushima can look at islands in a ship more. Popular, but doing it was prohibited bait in the inside of the gulf making bait spearmanship to a gull (mainly a black-tailed gull) from the ship top from April 1, 2014 because a pine had begun to die by feces harm.

In the route of the large pleasure boat, a port is departing from and arriving at Matsushima, and Matsushima inside of the gulf and a thing around Oku-Matsushima are the center, but there is the route to tie Shiogama Port and Matsushima Port to.

The route of the boat arrives and departs at Oku-Matsushima pleasure boat pier, and there are a sightseeing route around the Saga Valley and a ferry route to cross by Shiogama Port departure and arrival mainly to Kojima of the inside of the gulf. Because there are many reefs, I am seen only in a distant circle on the large pleasure boat, but the Saga Valley of Oku-Matsushima said to be the Japan's three biggest valley may pass through the sea cave on the day when the wave is quiet to bring it close when it is a boat.

In addition, there are special navigation to see Matsushima floating of lanterns fireworks display by navigation from the ship top in a season, dinner Cruise (there is the Sendai Port departure and arrival, too), sunset cruise, knight Cruise, oysters and vegetables boiled and served in a pot Cruise.

In addition, there was Ishinomaki Highway to tie the Ishinomaki Port that was Sendai castle town and a base port of the northeastern Pacific coast marine transportation to in the Edo era, but the route, of these, to tie it to by ship between Ishinomaki Port from the Shiogama Port was called "Matsushima coastal highway". There is a description that Basho Matsuo went over from Shiogama to Matsushima by a ship in a back narrow path, but it is thought that this got on a part of "the Matsushima coastal highway".

Most of four floating piers and small pleasure boats suffered damage to flow out by a tsunami caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake of March 11, 2011 [13], but the navigation of the pleasure boat was reopened on April 29, the same year [14].

  • Two Deva kings Island. One of the island symbolizing Matsushima. Two Deva kings image seems to sit down with a cigar in its mouth.

  • A one thousand kan island. It is said that it was the island of the Masamune Date favorite.

  • A small algae root island. The hole with long life was at the south end of this island [15].

  • A bell island. It is the origin of the name that surf was audible like a bell to four cave openings.

  • Twins Island

  • Misa island

  • An island to come back through. An appearance is like the frog.

  • Takashima. A popular name, glasses island.

  • "A hole of approximately 5 meters in height that there was at the south end of small algae root island with long life." It was a famous spot of sightseeing said to that life was postponed till 3 when I went through it on a pleasure boat, but collapsed by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake [15]

  • An armor island. The form such as the crest of a wave is.

Sight-seeing flight

The sight-seeing flight departing from and arriving at Sendai Airport (map) exists. Some courses to go round by a Cessna or a helicopter over Sendai and Matsushima are set. I can see Matsushima floating of lanterns fireworks display from the sky.

Beauties of nature

 
Matsushima and month
 
Cherry tree of the pine park of the westing return

Matsushima is famous as a famous spot of viewing the moon. 松島の月は、14世紀には中国にも知られるほど著名で、元代の薩都拉がその著書『雁門集』において「雄島煙波松島月」と記している。

17世紀初頭には、伊達政宗が豊臣秀吉から伏見桃山城にあった茶室を譲り受け、月見をするための観瀾亭（月見御殿）を設置した[16]。月見御殿は、その後も伊達家の迎賓館として使用された。

1643年（寛永20年）には、儒学者・林春斎がその著書『日本国事跡考』において、 「松島、此島之外有小島若干、殆如盆池月波之景、境致之佳、与丹後天橋立・安芸厳島為三処奇観[17]」と記し、日本三景という括りが始まったとされるが、この日本三景の原典にも松島の月が出てくる。この原典もあって、日本三景に各々「雪月花」をあてる場合、松島には「月」があてられる。

17世紀後半になると、松尾芭蕉が延宝年間に「武蔵野の月の若生えや松島種」と詠んで松島の月に憧れ、『奥の細道』の冒頭でも「...松島の月先心にかゝりて...」と記して江戸を発っている。

1922年（大正11年）12月3日、アルベルト・アインシュタインが月見をするため松島を訪れた。東北本線で仙台駅から（初代）松島駅に到着し、松島電車（路面電車）に乗り換えて五大堂前電停に着いた頃には既に16時を過ぎ、十三夜の月が上っていた。それを見たアインシュタインは、「おお月が…おお月が…」と言ったまま絶句したという。その後、「どんな名工の技も、この美しさを残すことはできない」と同行者に言ったとされる。

以上のように、松島は「雪月花」の「月」があまりに有名で、松島温泉も月見風呂をイメージ写真に使用している。「雪」については、年に数回積もる程度であるためほとんど見ることは出来ないが、積雪があるとプロのカメラマンのみならず、アマチュアの写真愛好家も集まってきて、主に五大堂越しの松島の雪景色をフレームにおさめている。「花」については、展望台でもある「西行戻しの松」が桜の名所として著名である。西行戻しの松公園一帯には260本余の桜が植えられている。

作品

文芸

 
島名が歌枕として知られる雄島。右に見える長さ約20メートルの赤い橋「渡月橋」は東北地方太平洋沖地震によって流失し[15]、2013年7月に再建された[18]。
  • 源重之 「松島や 雄島の磯に あさりせし あまの袖こそ かくは濡れしか」（後拾遺集）
    雄島は松島湾内に浮かぶ霊場の島。
  • 殷富門院大輔　「見せばやな 雄島（をじま）のあまの 袖だにも 濡れにぞ濡れし 色は変わらず」（「千載和歌集」恋四884）
    百人一首の90番の歌。上記の重之の歌を本歌取して読まれた句である。
  • 伊達政宗 「いづる間も ながめこそやれ 陸奥の 月まつ島の 秋のゆふべは」
    著名な松島の月を詠んだ歌。「月待つ」と「松島」が掛詞となっている。
  • 伊達政宗 「心なき 身にだに月を 松島や 秋のもなかの 夕暮れの空」
  • 伊達政宗 「所がら 類はわけて 無かりけり 名高きつきを 袖に松島」
  • 伊達政宗 「松島や 雄島の磯の 秋の空 名高き月や 照りまさるらん」
  • 田原坊 「松島や さて松島や 松島や」
    松尾芭蕉が『奥の細道』で松島を訪れた際に、あまりに絶景なので句が浮かばず、「松島や ああ松島や 松島や」という句を詠んだという逸話があるが、実際は後世の狂歌師の田原坊の作とされる。ただし、その場で句が思い浮かばなかったのは事実らしい。また別の説では、句は詠んだが景色に釣り合うよいものができなかったともいわれる。なお、小説家の司馬遼太郎は、紀行集『街道をゆく』「仙台・石巻」にて、「松島や ああ松島や 松島や」の句が芭蕉作として松島の看板などの観光資料に記されていることに対し、松島の観光関係者を批判している。
  • 河合曾良 「松島や 鶴に身をかれ ほととぎす」（「奥の細道」）
  • 日本舞踊・常磐津節「岸漣漪常磐松島（松島）」

美術品

 
 
 
有田焼の松島のデザイン
（1680年～1700年頃）
 楊洲周延「名勝美人会 陸前 松島」
（1897年～1898年頃）[19]
 高橋由一「松島五大堂図」
（明治時代、県指定有形文化財）[20]

指定など

各指定の範囲は、基本的に松島湾に面する自治体である。松島湾に面する自治体は、仙台側（南側）から七ヶ浜町・塩竈市・利府町・松島町・東松島市である。この内、利府町は浜田地区のみ松島湾に面し、東松島市も旧鳴瀬町地域のみ松島湾に面する。旧鳴瀬町は桃生郡、それ以外は宮城郡に属す。

以上の内、「仙台・松島国際観光モデル地区」は、松島湾に面していない仙台市（政令指定都市移行前の旧市域）、宮城町（現・仙台市青葉区の一部）、秋保町（現・仙台市太白区の一部）、および多賀城市の4市町（当時）も加わる。「日本遺産・百選」では『仙台・松島』が範囲である。

なお、松島の一部が指定されているものには以下のものがある。

周辺

松島湾の南東端を構成する七ヶ浜町には、宮城県で最も利用客が多い海水浴場である菖蒲田浜（地図）、県内有数のヨットハーバーである小浜港、高山外国人避暑地（地図）と七ヶ浜国際村（地図）、鼻節神社（地図）などがある。その他、塩竈と仙台の間には、陸奥国府・多賀城、県民の森、仙台港などがある。

奥松島と石巻の間にある東松島市の旧矢本町には、ブルーインパルスの本拠地として著名な航空自衛隊・松島基地（地図）があり、航空祭の開催日には全国からファンが集まる。

交通

仙台からの行き方。仙台側（南側）から列挙。

塩竈へ
松島へ
奥松島へ

JR東北本線の一ノ関・小牛田方面からは、塩釜駅で仙石東北ラインに乗り換え（または松島駅で途中下車し、高城町駅まで徒歩連絡）、高城町駅で仙石線普通列車に乗り換えて松島海岸駅もしくは野蒜駅へ向かう。

松島電車、日本三景交通の松島 - 塩釜 - 仙台空港線、および、松島国際観光の松島循環バスは廃止されているので注意。

全国の松島

松島は、「海面上、湖上の松が茂っている単独の島」という一般名詞でもあるため、それが固有名詞化して日本各地に「松島」という地名がある。他方、宮城県の松島と似た風景「海面上や湖上に大小さまざまな島や岩が散在する風景」を「○○の松島」などともいう（類例：銀座）。この場合、島の頭部に生えている木が松でなくともよく、場合によっては木が生えていなくともよい。

ただし、同様な風景である三重県の英虞湾は、「松島」と言われることを非常に嫌う傾向がある。

なお、各地にある「松島温泉」という名称の温泉では、宮城県の松島との混同を防ぐため、「○○松島温泉」（「○○」は地域名など）という名称も併用している。

脚注

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ 宮城県経済商工観光部
  2. ^ 「松島が守ってくれた」対岸の町、死者1人読売新聞 2011年3月23日
  3. ^ "名勝・松島の復旧に力 ボランティア続々集結". (2011年3月23日). http://www.kahoku.co.jp/news/2011/03/20110323t15072.htm 2011年3月23日閲覧。 
  4. ^ 特別名勝「松島」の現状変更と埋蔵文化財に関する手続きについて（七ヶ浜町サイト）
  5. ^ 「特別名勝松島保存管理計画」（宮城県サイト）
  6. ^ "松島の周辺、高台での住宅建設緩和へ…文化庁". 読売新聞 (2011年4月30日). 2011年4月30日閲覧。
  7. ^ "「松島」保護・復興を両立　宮城県、5市町と近く検討会". 河北新報 (2011年4月30日). 2011年4月30日閲覧。
  8. ^ "文化庁、「松島」に処理施設許可　震災特例で". 共同通信 (2011年5月21日). 2011年5月27日閲覧。
  9. ^ "四大観". 松島観光協会. 2011年4月30日閲覧。
  10. ^ 特別名勝松島保存管理計画 (PDF) （宮城県教育委員会 2010年3月）
  11. ^ 宮城県利府町誌
  12. ^ 松島の観光拠点 「玉手箱館」開店 物産と飲食施設（河北新報 2009年7月2日）
  13. ^ "松島の観光船、一部再開 29日から". 朝日新聞 (2011年4月27日). 2011年4月30日閲覧。
  14. ^ "日本三景・松島の遊覧船、運航再開". 読売新聞 (2011年4月30日). 2011年4月30日閲覧。
  15. ^ a b c "名勝・松島、崩落被害＝「長命穴」消え、半壊の島も－国宝「瑞巌寺」は壁にひび". 時事通信社. (2011年3月19日). http://www.jiji.com/jc/zc?k=201103/2011031900412 2011年3月28日閲覧。 
  16. ^ "観瀾亭". 松島観光協会. 2011年4月30日閲覧。
  17. ^ 日本国事跡考（47頁/80頁）（京都大学附属図書館所蔵）
  18. ^ 松島観光の発展つなごう　津波で流失、渡月橋復活 河北新報 2013年7月2日
  19. ^ 名勝美人会 陸前 松島（秋華洞）
  20. ^ 松島五大堂図（宮城県）
  21. ^ 日本初! 松島湾が『世界で最も美しい湾クラブ』に加盟（松島町）
  22. ^ the Most Beautiful Bays in the World Club
  23. ^ 東北のみち情報（国土交通省東北地方整備局道路部）
  24. ^ 「日研」新聞編集委員会 編『茨城108景をめぐる』川崎松濤 監修、筑波書林、平成3年9月20日、219pp.（4ページより）

関連項目

  ウィキメディア・コモンズには、松島に関連するカテゴリがあります。

外部リンク

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