Beast of ジェヴォーダン
The creature similar to the wolf that the beast (ジェヴォーダン outcast, Buddha: La bête du Gévaudan) of ジェヴォーダン appeared in the France ジェヴォーダン district (now a part of Lozere) of the 18th century. I attacked the human being from outcome, 60 to 100 around マルジュリド Mountains over 1764 through 1767. It is argued now what a beast was [1]. As for the case, cryptozoology and the supposition of both aspects of the plot are done.
The historical fact of a herd of wolves which approached capital Paris in the 15th century was famous, but, in France of the late 18th century, wolf damage occurred successively in each place including Soissons and ペリゴール (current Dordogne).
Table of contents
Appearance
The beast does the large chest in the creatures similar to the wolf of the size same as a cow and is described when the tail which wound for a long time was covered with the bunch of the fur such as the lion to the tip. And it is said that I did the head such as the greyhound dog which a straight ear and huge cuspid fill small. The beast was covered with the hair that a whole body was red, and what you should mention specially was that there was a black stripe for the length of the back.
Surprise attack
It was June 1, 1764 that a beast attacked first. The animal similar to the wolf appeared from between a tree, and the woman who came from ランゴーニュ (commune of current Lozere) witnessed that she ran straight towards oneself. However, I was sent away by oxen of the farm.
The レ cormorant which is not far from ランゴーニュ is village neighborhood of going back, and first victim 14-year-old girl Jeanne bulldog confirmed formally on June 30 is missing, and it is an eaten corpse, and the internal organs are discovered the next day.
The way of the killing that I was informed of this creature often targeted the head of the game by abnormality for a predatory animal and ignored at all a leg and the throat which a predatory animal normally aimed at. I was bitten whether the head was crushed. According to the place to be informed, the beast tended to avoid a cow and was seen to do a human being not the domestic animal of the farm with a target. Though a cow was on the same grassy plain many times, it is said that I attacked the human being.
The beast was with the same kind another one or there are several reports with children. The testimony to suggest that there was a human being (owner of the beast) near is not recorded.
Because it was difficult to check the reliable number of victims, based on a confirmed record, 198 times of surprise attacks were done, and 88 dead people were estimated when the injured person was 36. I exceeded the result mentioned above in other sources of information and was considered to be 306 times of surprise attacks, dead person 123, 51 injured people. Because the game which the beast liked was a woman and a child, and it was a set or they were alone, and worked at the farm of the country, I was aimed easily. However, the man tends to have a thing, and he was able to use something like sickle and scythe as a weapon, and it is thought that it was hard to be aimed because they often worked at a grassy plain in a group.
Chase of the beast
On January 12, 1765, Jack Porto feh and six friends confronted a beast. They sent away a beast while acting together. Their strenuous efforts attracted interest of French King Louis XV, and the King gave boys 300 livre. In addition, the King gave wolf hunting expert Jean = Charles ダンヌヴァル (Jean-Charles-Marc-Antoine Vaumesle d'Enneval) and his son Jean = Francois an order to stop a root of the breath of the wolf. The King was interested in the surprise attack of the monster of ジェヴォーダン personally.
It was February 17, 1765 that ダンヌヴァル father and son arrived at Clermont-Ferrand. They brought eight sleuthhound trained for wolf hunting. Because father and son believed that a beast was a wolf, they continued hunting a European wolf for several months. However, the surprise attack of the beast of ジェヴォーダン did not stop and it was June, 1765 and was replaced with first lieutenant of the hunter, Francois Antoine (another name Antoine de ボーテルヌ) in matchlock carriers of the King. Antoine arrived at le マルジュ on June 22.
On September 20, 1765, Antoine killed 1.7 meters in length, higher body 80 centimeters, a huge gray wolf of 60 kilos in weight. The wolf was called "beast ('Le Loup de Chazes') of シャズ" in suburban アバイエ de シャズ. It was admitted that this animal was huge for Okami in a hometown. Antoine declared it formally as follows. "We do not see this big wolf which declares that I killed a beast by hand, and is compared with this anymore, and, furthermore, we cannot judge the beast that this creature is terrible and the one which it is, and caused great damage for some reason."
The wolf was stuffed and was sent to Versailles. Antoine was made a hero in Versailles and received a title and meritorious deeds, money of a large amount of prize.
However, on December 2, 1765, the beast emerged to la ブッスイル sun Mary again and had two children carry a dying serious wound. It was informed that more than 12 dead people appeared afterwards.
Jean シャストル
On June 19, 1767, local hunter Jean シャストル got honor by having let I killed a beast, and a surprise attack stop immediately.
I am controversial around a report of the success of シャストル. When it was a tradition of the family, シャストル required time for prayer with sitting down, and reading the Bible when I participated in the large-scale hunting group. When it is in the view that a beast comes over in the middle of prayer, the beast stares at シャストル, and it is said that I was waiting for his finishing prayer before he shoots a beast. Though it is usual that I attack it if game enters the view, this is behavior of the eccentric beast. シャストル is related with the case of the beast, or some people believe that it is the evidence of his having trained a beast. However, the story of the prayer forged faith and the Romantic school subject simply.
Interpretation
A variety of interpretation was accomplished from surprise attack those days. There was the opinion that a werewolf named a roux gal (loup-garou) in the opinion that the surprise attack of the simple wolf was exaggerated and a local word was real nature [1]. For a more extreme opinion, it might be insisted that it was a demon called by a claim to be Heaven's vengeance and a wicked magician. However, it is a fact that a surprise attack matched, and escape (the stuffed animal which Jean シャストル shot dead was left), the wolf of the hyena brought in from surprise attack, Africa of the man-eating wolf and the fact such as the story of the mongrel of the dog become the element locally, and the urban legend-like dramatization called the werewolf at the time reaches the story called the done result there [2].
Wolf
The wild wolf always avoids contact with the human being, and a hunting object is limited to attacking the domestic animal when it was become scarce. Even if a domestic animal is in the same place with a human being as for the beast of ジェヴォーダン against it, in defiance of a domestic animal, it is said that I targeted a human being exclusively. There is the direction that considers this as few evidence in the wolves.
However, it is thought that the wolf at the time was more aggressive than a modern wolf. The historical fact of the group of the man-eating wolf which surrounded Paris in the 15th century is one end of the evidence. In addition, in the group of the wolf attacking the person, there is the historic process that has been screened under the name of "the hunting" that is the duty that served as military affairs training of a noble, the knight rank in both not only France but also Europe and China. There is the person who insists when the wolf avoiding the contact with the modern person is a result of the selection of nature by what a group avoiding a human being having high firearms of the ability for casualties positively survived. [3]. In the place where the surprise attack of the wolf happens in a daily occurrence in areas of the world, the emergencies that environment measures such as environmental protection or the living apart with the wild animal can perform only insufficiently include a poor local thing as an example now [4].
Hyena
By other opinions, a beast is a foreign animal such as the hyenas, and it is insisted that a kept thing escaped. [5] . It is known that two kinds of the hyena attack the person. It is Africa, the Near and Middle East, Pakistan, a striped hyena inhabiting west India and spotted hyena native to Africa. It is known that leave a wound similar to a beast of ジェヴォーダン, and the hyena bites the face region first when attack the human being [6]; [7].
However, it cannot fly up highly that the hyena runs with the fluent steps that a beast of ジェヴォーダン did without being thought. It is said that a taxidermist named franc Julian discovered the animal which resembled that lists include it when shot, and there is mention by Jean シャストル in page 35 of "Cryptozoology A to Z" (unconfirmed animal encyclopedia) of ロレン Coleman in National Museum of Natural History of Paris. The animal was stuffed and was displayed from 1766 through 1819. It was proved with an African striped hyena clearly.
An air show "pressed a mystery werewolf!" with a history channel, and では unknown zoologist and a crime student from police supported a hyena theory and did it when they might kill it by the silver bullet which was hard to let you hit it because シャストル tamed it. It having been necessary the support by inhabitants from a fact converted to Catholicism forcibly by French King in the Catholic Church though reported on the field by the program, and originally local people were Protestants originally is unsociable in the hometown, and シャストル considered to be an odd person defeats a beast by the silver bullet which received a blessing of the Catholic Church, and introduce in it having been to a hero made to a bronze statue afterwards. In addition, it cannot do it in a fact and the wolves that the well off at the time ordered hyenas from Africa, but it introduces to be able to let you attack the person if you tame it if it is a dog and a hyena.
Hybrid wolf
There is an opinion to be a dog or the mongrel kept as a pet by way of explanation of other beasts. This opinion was supported from a lot of natural historiographer Michael Lewis and others. According to TV series "Animal X," it is insisted that the beast was a hybrid wolf. The hybrid wolf is not afraid of a person like a parent on the wolf side and horse training is easy and I accompany a person as having encountered some reports and can act.
Sloth bear
The opinion that the thing which sloth bear bred by a human being ran away or an owner let go intentionally acted violently. The picture of the beast that many witness information was written to the cause resembles sloth bear in appearance, and 以身体的特徴 agrees except the key nail of both forefoot, the face such as the dog and a hair color and the tail which greatly has a long it. またナマケグマはハイエナと同様に人間を襲う際に顔面部に噛み付いたり、爪で人間の頭皮を剥いでしまうこともある。 「幻の動物たち-未知動物学への招待」で作者のジャン・ジャック・バルロワが上げている説の一つ。
小説や映画に現れたジェヴォーダンの獣
- ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソン - 作家。1878年にジェヴォーダン地域を旅行し、紀行文『旅はロバを連れて』にこの伝説を記した。
- クラーク・アシュトン・スミス - 作家。ジェヴォーダンの獣に触発され、1933年の "The Beast of Averoigne" や短編を書いた。
- アーネスト・トンプソン・シートン - 作家。ジェヴォーダンの獣を小説化、1937年の『歴史に残る動物たち / 狼を中心として』（ Great Historic Animals / Mainly About Wolves ）に収録された。
- ジェヴォーダンの獣 - 2001年映画作品。ジェヴォーダンの獣は、聖職者などからなる秘密結社により海外から持ち込まれ飼いならされ、人を襲っていたという設定になっている。結社の目的は、「獣の出現は啓蒙思想に傾倒する王に対する神罰だ」という噂を広め、王の権威を落として自分たちが国を牛耳ることであった。
参考
- ^ a b Clark, Jerome (1993). Unexplained! 347 Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences, and Puzzling Physical Phenomena. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 0810394367.
- ^ 幻解！超常ファイル 「未解決！ジェヴォーダンの獣事件」 獣害の社会的側面についても考察 （NHK 2014年7月放送）
- ^ http://www.wolftrust.org.uk/a-wkp7-explaining-attacks.html
- ^ "[http://www.aws.vcn.com/wolf_attacks_on_humans.html WOLF ATTACKS ON HUMANS]". T. R. Mader. 2007年5月31日閲覧。
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.interplastgrandrounds.org/virtual_tour_hyena_attack.html
- ^ http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/1870/edition_id/28/format/html/displaystory.html
外部リンク
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Beast of ジェヴォーダン
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기