Volga German self-government Soviet Union socialism republic
- Volga German A.S.S.R.
- АвтономнаяСоветскаяСоциалистическаяРеспубликаНемцевПоволжья
Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen -
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←From 1924 to 1941 
→ →
(national flag) (national emblem) 
Position of the Volga German self-government Soviet Union socialism republic-
Official language Russian、Crimea Tartar Capital エンゲリス - The president
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1921November 16 - 1921February 20 クン Bela - Area
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26,100km² - The change
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The establishment 1924January 6 Extinction 1941August 28
Time UTC +3
The self-government republic where the Volga German self-government Soviet Union socialism republic (Russian :АвтономнаяСоветскаяСоциалистическаяРеспубликаНемцевПоволжья, German: Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen) existed in the Soviet Union. The capital is エンゲリス. It was built on January 6, 1924, but I was defeated in August, 1941 by the Joseph Stalin Administration.
Table of contents
History
I belonged to Volga Federal District, and the establishment was declared taking advantage of the Russian Revolution of 1918 nominally in Volga German labor コムーネ as self-government Republic of the Volga German of a race on October 29, 1918 [1] and did the German of the Volga area like non-Russia system of other areas in the special position [2]. Was raised on January 6 for the next 1,924 years by the state of the self-government republic [1]; [2]. A lot of progenies of the German settler who was a minority race lived in Russia, and the within the territory counted 1,800,000 at the stage of 1897. In Japanese, it is abbreviated to the Volga German self-government republic.
Approximately 76% of pious Volga Germans believed in a Christianity Luther group, but the back of the Russian Revolution will produce friction soon with the Russian communist Administration advocating atheism, too. Many clergymen are sent to the concentration camp (グラグ) of the Siberia saying that I advocate propaganda of the counterrevolution in 1919 [3].
The hostility to Volga German continued in the interval of the civil war in Russia, and fierce attacks to the Volga German community by Red Army troops occurred successively. A population of a one-third was lost in the fruit of the Volga German by the famine that attacked the Soviet Union as an aftermath of the war.
When autonomous government started, an amnesty was sentenced to, but there were really few people whom it was applied to. Use of German in the official document was promoted by a race policy (コレニザーツィヤ ) carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, and it was recommended that herrenvolk took a helm. According to the national census of 1939, it is said that there were 605,500 German inhabitants in a self-government republic.
When World War II in the Soviet Union begins, the German ソ war was named great mother country war, but the last scene will be taken down by the Volga German self-government republic. It was pronounced that all herrenvolk was "the enemies of the people" () by Kremlin and, to the Russian general public, blew up persecution and a sense of fear for the Volga German. Stalin promulgated "Volga German exile declaration" on August 28, 1941 and decided to force the dismantling of the Volga German self-government republic and all Volga Germans on Kazakh S.S.R. and the Siberia, and to emigrate [2]. After the end of the war, a signature was forced a contract that the Volga German did not go back to the Volga area to.
When Stalin died in 1953, the service of the Volga German was suddenly improved, and the second declaration was promulgated in 1964. I recognized a fault of the government about accusing innocent people people, and having impeached it publicly and, for the Soviet Union nation, approached when I did not spare assistance and the support of the あたうる limit for "the economical cultural development" of the Volga German. In 1965, the following day, "the Volga German exile law" was withdrawn formally and was invalidated. Still I did not rebuild the Volga German self-government republic. It followed that this pressed it for assimilation to the Russian culture of the Volga German.
After Soviet Union collapse, much Volga Germans left the returning home right on a shield in Germany [4]. Such hegira continued in spite of the circumstances that most of Volga Germans did not understand German anymore or lost only a little for a while. However, as for the departure to Germany, it was a finally difficult problem for the Volga German who, in particular, lost even German of the Volga dialect when the German government took steps against the domiciliation of the German Russian who did not understand German at all in the late 1990s.
Population and constitution of a race
I show population of Volga German ASSR and constitution of a race as follows.
| 1926 | 1939 | |
|---|---|---|
| German | 379,630 (66.4%) | 366,685 (60.5%) |
| Russian | 116,561 (20.4%) | 156,027 (25.7%) |
| Ukrainian | 68,561 (12.0%) | 58,248 (9.6%) |
| Kazakh | 1,353 (0.2%) | 8,988 (1.5%) |
| Tatary | 2,225 (0.4%) | 4,074 (0.7%) |
| Mordvinian | 1,429 (0.3%) | 3,048 (0.5%) |
| Belarusian | 159 (0.0%) | 1,636 (0.3%) |
| The Han race | 5 (0.0%) | 1,284 (0.2%) |
| Jew | 152 (0.0%) | 1,216 (0.2%) |
| Pole | 216 (0.0%) | 756 (0.1%) |
| Estonian | 753 (0.1%) | 521 (0.1%) |
| Others | 710 (0.1%) | 3,869 (0.6%) |
| The sum total | 571,754 | 606,352 |
Note
- ^ a b Encyclopedia of History of Communist Part (Russian)
- ^ a b c J. Otto Pohl (1999). Greenwood Publishing Group. ed. Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949 (illustrated ed.). pp. 29–37. It is . ISBN 0313309213
- ^ Brief history of Volga Germans (English)
- ^ Barbara Dietz, "German and Jewish migration from the former Soviet Union to Germany: Background, Trends and Implications," Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 26, No. 4 (October 2000): 635-652.
Allied item
- Self-government republic
- Volga German
- German
- Ethnic cleansing
- Jewish self-government state
- List of governments which became extinct
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Volga German self-government Soviet Union socialism republic
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