2016년 12월 2일 금요일

Sun country

Sun country

Sun country
Map ancient ordinance country sun country .svg
■-Sun country
■-Osamu Saikai
Another name State of day (にっしゅう)
Hyuga (I learn it in this way)
Position Osamu Saikai
Equivalency domain Miyazaki [note 1]
Specifications
The strength of a nation China
Distance Distant place
County, volost number 5 county 28 volost
Domestic main facilities
Kokufu, Hyuga Saito-shi, Miyazaki (Kokufu, Hyuga trace)
Sun Kokubunji Saito-shi, Miyazaki (sun Kokubunji trace)
Sun Kokubu nunnery Saito-shi, Miyazaki
Ichinomiya Tsuno Shrine (Tsuno-cho, Koyu-gun, Miyazaki)
I display a template

One of the ancient ordinance countries where the sun country (ひゅうがのくに) was ever local administration division of Japan. I belong to Osamu Saikai.

Table of contents

Origin of "the sun"

Because "the country of 是 said to direct く sunrise づる with 向 kick" as the etymology narration of "the sun" in 征西説話 of Emperor Keiko and Japanese Takeru, it is described by "the Chronicles of Japan" when I named "a sun country" [1].

About the reading of "the sun", it is in "the Chronicles of Japan" with "宇摩奈羅麼, 譬武伽能古摩" (if ひむかのこま = horse if it is a horse a piece of the sun) [2], and it is thought that it is old and was called "ひむか" [3]. But I have it pointed out to assume this "譬武伽" a sun country if examination is necessary [3].

History

The sun country was formed with establishment of the Law Code system after the mid-seventh century [3]. The beginning of establishment was introduced to the wide area including the Kyushu mainland part of current Miyazaki and Kagoshima [3].

The western part of the Kagoshima part was separated (702 years) as 唱更国 (Satsuma country in the back) at the time for Daiho two years. A liver cup county, 贈於郡, Osumi county, 4 counties of 姶羅郡 (different from modern Aira-gun) transferred it (713 years) on April 3 for Wado six years and were separated as Osumi country. The domain (5 counties of Usuki county, Koyu-gun, Miyazaki-gun, Naka-gun, the prefectures county) of the sun country did not have the change afterward until the early period of Meiji. But it was vague, and we had Mera, Shiiha area for the change of the domain between Higo until the early period of early modern times [3].

In addition, there was the name called "five county eight Houses" about a sun country and I was divided into the land tax division with the jurisdiction by 5 counties mentioned above and Masayuki House, a three-pronged stick House, 穆佐院, Shinno House, Obi House, Tsuchimochi House, the House between the comb, 8 Houses of 救仁院 and was governed.

In the case of 宮崎県再置, I was divided (1883) in the south prefectures county (Shibushi volost, Osaki volost, 3 Matsuyamago towns) that remained in Kitamorokata-gun and Kagoshima where prefectures county belonged to new Miyazaki 1883, and north Naka, Minaminaka, Usuki county were divided each more in Higashiusuki, Nishiusuki Kitamorokata, Nishimorokata, Higashimorokata, Naka Kitamorokata in the next year.

History

Tradition

Myth

『Description of folk history』 In the の country bearing a child myth, four of the Chikushi Island (Kyushu) show Chikushi country, Toyokuni cherry blossom, manure country, 熊曽国, but there is not mention of the sun [4]; [note 2]. In addition, "the Chronicles of Japan" does not have this description and raises four of Chikushi country, a Toyokuni cherry blossom, a manure country, the sun country in "a predecessors in the family line past event biography of an emperor" [5].

In the sun area, it was the mythical stage called "a sun myth" of the "description of folk history" "Chronicles of Japan" successively [6]. I descend (descendant of the Sun-Goddess advent), and ニニギ of the grandchild of the amateur terrace states Takachiho that Hayato of the descendant of the older brother is the origin which still serves the Emperor with ホオリ of the child having punished older brother, ホデリ in this (mountain Yukihiko and sea Yukihiko) and writes down that child, ウガヤフキアエズ of ホオリ is father of Emperor first generation, カムヤマトイワレビコ (the Emperor Jinmu). のち, the Emperor Jinmu will proceed to 東征 from the sun (神武東征).

There are various opinions in the origin now without it being thought that a historic fact is the same as for these sun myths. In other words, close relations with the political situation of anti-Hayato in South Kyushu from the late seventh century to the early eighth century have in particular it pointed out until the "description of folk history" "Chronicles of Japan" is concluded [6]. It is from the times of the Emperor Tenmu that Hayato expresses the name, and is in the first half of the eighth century from the end of seventh century; of four times is in rebellion [6]. And I justify the rule in South Kyushu by the imperial family, and it is thought that Hayato explains the reason why clothes should belong to retroactively to the past [7].

征西説話

"A description of folk history" In the Emperor Keiko step, 征西説話 where child, Osu life of the Emperor is ordered 熊曽討伐 by is described. The Osu life defeated 熊曽建 in this and gave "Japan-based life" afterward.

I proceed to the subjugation of Emperor Keiko oneself southwesterners of Kyushu with "the Chronicles of Japan" and subjugate 襲国 based in Takaya shrine, and the prince according to a child, the Toyokuni cherry blossom is appointed by 初代日向国造. When southwesterners of Kyushu caused a revolt again later, a child, a Japanese boy of the Emperor defeated Takeru Kawakamino and gave "Japanese Takeru".

In addition, when a Sansei grandchild, the old man of the prince according to the Toyokuni cherry blossom was appointed in ("predecessors in the family line past event biography of an emperor" Vol. 10) for the Emperor Ojin period for "a country production of books period" by 日向国造, he writes it down, and the prince according to the Toyokuni cherry blossom writes it down with the father of prefectures and others for in "Emperor biography of an emperor" ("predecessors in the family line past event biography of an emperor" Vol. 7) on a day.

The possibility of the actual Emperor is demanded after the Emperor Ojin in the current archeology, and the description mentioned above is not assumed the historic fact [3]. Rather a thought that it is proper to regard as the foreshadowing of the description of Ojin, the goodness is accomplished [6].

I it before Law Code system

In the sun area, I scooped it out with lack of the bronze ware in Yayoi period and entered, and a characteristic called the existence of the pyramid roof stone knife was seen [8], but area near Kyoto type old burial mound group such as Shindembaru, Chausubaru, Saitobaru, Honjo, six fields, life eyes developed it in the after fourth century [9]. The existence of such the old burial mound group shows that the political power of the Kinki district had a political relation with the chief [3].

"A description of folk history" The description of the Emperor Ojin, the Emperor Nintoku of "the Chronicles of Japan" has the narration around prefectures you, but such a political relations are considered to have been established as a background, and it is supposed that a powerful family entered a service by fifth Kiyo [10].

Over the middle of the sixth to the seventh century in the history book called if "is a horse piece of the sun" for the Emperor Suiko period there is only mention degree, and the actual situation of the center and relations with the sun is not apparent [10].

Asuka, Nara, Heian era

The first interview in the documents of "the sun country" is a September 28 article (698 years) for "day biography of an emperor Emperor Monmu two years sequel to". It is not clear at the establishment time, but I am considered to have been established with Law Code system establishment after the mid-seventh century [3]. I had the domain including Satsuma country, the Osumi country at first, and the sun country was placed as the battle front of anti-Hayato at the stage of the end of seventh century [10]. Osumi country was separated for (713 years) for 唱更国 (Satsuma country in the back), Wado six years for (702 years) for Daiho two years.

I was considered to be China of Ogami Nakashita in the ancient ordinance, and the under-secretary who assisted 守, 介, 掾, four ranks of government officials and that of eyes was dispatched by the center. 介 considered to be a vacancy is usually put formally, and the four ranks of government officials are prepared in China. In addition, the thing left to the history book has many relegation personnel affairs. Because it was a distant place, I was placed under strong management of the Dazaifu including personnel affairs of 掾以下 and the inspection of 四度使.

I had the soldier of 500 army corps 1 groups for (815 years) for Konin six years. 軍毅 one commanded it before this year, but after that I added one to an assistant, and it was to 大毅 one, 少毅 one.

Kamakura era

In post of petty official of Shimazu Zhuang (大宰府大監平季基 reclaims), the sun Kunishima Tsu House for (1024 through 1027 in the barony extreme longevity year that there was in South Kyushu, and begin in what oblation did on the kampaku Yori Fujiwara way) of the person of Imperial Guardsman that consider it (the Bunji first year) in 1185, and sect Tadahisa is a main reinforcement supplementary; was left, and called itself Tadahisa Shimazu. It is a beginning of Shimazu. Matched it with Satsuma, Osumi for (Kenkyu era eight years) in 1197, and Shimazu was appointed by the first lief-guard of the sun. In addition, Tadahisa held an additional post of the benefit as the lord of a manor of Shimazu Zhuang. However, Tadahisa of 1203 (Kennin two years), Yoshikazu Hiki is involved, and will be strangely informed by the Hojo red bridges a sun country lief-guard and the benefit as the lord of a manor of sun Shimadzu Zhuang with three states lief-guard when benefit as the lord of a manor is deprived of except the Satsuma country.

Mr. Mitai that descended from Ogami in the western mountains (around current Takachiho-cho) had power as a lord of a manor, but, in Miyasho, Usa of the Usa major shrine which had the northern part of sun country whole area, Tsuchimochi fixed rule in the eastern Agata (the cheap many の place name to congratulate remains in the city a reading Agata, around current Nobeoka-shi) whole area while Ito of the Kamakura family getting benefit as the lord of a manor, and being opposed to existing staying in the locale power.

Muromachi era

In the north and south morning service charges, 畠山直顕 was dispatched in the sun country as a general of South Kyushu from north early in the morning and was opposed to power of the south early in the morning, but the staying in the locale power including Shimazu resisted rule of 畠山直顕 by doing it from place to place between north morning and south morning. 直顕 took sides with Naoyoshi Ashikaga in disturbance of the Kano era and was defeated at odds with Shimazu in favor of Takauji Ashikaga. I fail though Kyushu judge of polemic discussion is going to extend influence to South Kyushu, and Shimazu comes to succeed to the lief-guard of the sun country before long afterwards. But is not different for a national example; in the sun country of the conflict between regionally powerful lords it was in a situation, and a power struggle while Kitahara, the southeastern part absorbed a local people feudal lord of each place led by Buzen and Bingo Shimazu, Kitago, the Shimadzu whole families such as Shinno in Ito, the southwestern part in Tsuchimochi, the central part in the northern part over the middle in the Muromachi era from north and south morning was developed.

Tsuchimochi is attacked soon by Ito, and power is rallied by reduction, Ito and comes to work as a retainer to Otomo of Bungo. When it is the age of civil strife, a territory is chased Shinno by Satsuma Shimazu, and a birthright problem while the whole house halves it in Zen Buddhism and Sanomune be accompanied, and, as for Kitahara, it is crowded by Yoshisuke Ito related by marriage, and all territories which opened are taken over by the Osumi country. Furthermore, because Buzen and Bingo Shimazu was thrown out of Obi by 義祐, Ito came to influence the main part of the sun country, but it was lost a main subject of Ito a lot by a fight of Kizaki Hara in 1572, and a chance produced it in within the territory by extravagance of 義祐 again, and Shimazu who carried out unification of Satsuma, Osumi to hit there went north. 義祐 made for a crisis of the extinction relied on Yoshishige Otomo of Bungo, but Shimazu wins a great victory to Otomo in a fight of Mimigawa of 1578 and will rule over the whole sun country. However, in the sun country, it was done share intellect by the daimyo who had the success when I received the Kyushu conquest of Hideyoshi in 1587, and Shimazu surrendered.

Edo era

The big daimyo was not employed in the sun country, and I was divided by an Imperial demesne and the clan. Nobeoka feudal clan, Takanabe feudal clan, Sadowara feudal clan (薩摩藩支藩), Obi feudal clan. In addition, Satsuma feudal clan possessed the prefectures county that occupied southern most to greatly protrude from the neighboring Osumi country, and the Hitoyoshi feudal clan of the Higo country had a territory, too.

History after the early modern times

Domestic facilities

Kokufu

 
Terasaki remains (Saito-shi, Miyazaki)
Kokufu, Hyuga trace.

According to "色葉字類抄," Kokufu was in Koyu-gun. I am estimated to be the Terasaki remains of the current Saito-shi larger section of a village right pine.

Kokubunji, Kokubu nunnery

Sun Kokubunji
Miyake, Tsumacho, Saito-shi, Miyazaki Kokubu.

Shinto shrine

Company in the Engi era type
Four small company 4 seats shown below are listed in "Engi era spirit in the principles of Yin and Yang death register". There is not the big shrine.

これら4社は「日向四社」と呼ばれ、日向国内で特に格式の高い神社とされている。

総社・一宮以下

二宮以下は不詳であるが、都萬神社が二宮であるとする説もある。

安国寺利生塔

  • 安国寺 - 宮崎県日南市飫肥にあった。

地域

郡

江戸時代の藩

現延岡市を中心とした県北一帯。飛地として、現宮崎市北部。
現児湯郡高鍋町周辺や美々津。飛地として、串間市周辺と宮崎市の一部。
現日南市、宮崎市南部
現宮崎市佐土原町及び周辺地域一帯、西都市南部

その他、以下が日向国に領地を有していた。

人物

国司

日向守

日向介・権介

日向掾・権掾

守護

鎌倉幕府

室町幕府

戦国時代

戦国大名

  • 日向伊東氏：日向の最大勢力。島津氏に敗れ1576年に一時没落するが、豊臣秀吉の九州征伐で戦功をあげた功績により、再び大名として復活を成し遂げる。
  • 土持氏：日向守護代。日向北部に勢力を持ち、後に伊東氏と対抗した。1580年、大友宗麟に敗北し滅亡。
  • 北郷氏；島津氏の支流。都城付近を領有し、北原氏・伊東氏と争った。
  • 北原氏：真幸院（現えびの市・小林市）と周辺を領有していたが、伊東氏の謀略により衰退。
  • 島津氏：日向・大隅・薩摩守護。1576年に日向を征服、さらに進出し九州統一目前までせまるが、豊臣秀吉の九州征伐により敗走し、薩摩・大隅2カ国の大名に戻ってしまう。

豊臣政権の大名

武家官位としての日向守

江戸時代以前

Edo era

日向国での合戦

脚注

注釈
  1. ^ 成立当初の領域は、鹿児島県の本土部分も含む。
  2. ^ 日向の扱いには肥国説と熊曽国説がある。肥国説では、肥国の名「建日向日豊久士比泥別」に基づいて日向を含むと見る（西宮秀紀「記紀神話における日向」（『日本の神話 3 天孫降臨』（ぎょうせい）pp. 136-137）等）。一方熊曽国説では、筑紫国（筑前国・筑後国）、豊国（豊前国・豊後国）、肥国（肥前国・肥後国）として、残った日向・大隅・薩摩3国を熊曽国と見る（『日本歴史地名体系 宮崎県の地名』（平凡社）p. 27等）
出典
  1. ^ 『日本書紀』景行天皇17年3月12日条（訓は『宮崎県の歴史』（山川出版社）p. 54による）。
  2. ^ 『日本書紀』推古天皇20年正月7日条。
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h 『日本歴史地名体系 宮崎県の地名』（平凡社）p. 56。
  4. ^ 『古事記』神代記。
  5. ^ 『先代旧事本紀』神代本紀。
  6. ^ a b c d 『日本歴史地名体系 宮崎県の地名』（平凡社）p. 27。
  7. ^ 『日本歴史地名体系 宮崎県の地名』（平凡社）p. 28。
  8. ^ 『宮崎県の地名』（山川出版社）p. 30。
  9. ^ 『国史大辞典』（吉川弘文館）日向国項。
  10. ^ a b c 『日本歴史地名体系 宮崎県の地名』p. 57。
  11. ^ 「旧高旧領取調帳」では明治5年に肥後国球磨郡から所属郡が変更された14村も児湯郡として記載されている。

参考文献

関連項目

  ウィキメディア・コモンズには、日向国に関連するカテゴリがあります。
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