Solid model

In this item, I explain a model. Please see "solid modeling" about one of the classifications in the handling of the stereogram at the time of the shape design in 3DCAD.

The solid model is a model for display, the appreciation that sharpens the wood in the model, and is made.

Table of contents

Summary

The solid model is a kind of the models as the hobbies and is the model which uses wood as the main materials, and produces a plane or vessels. Solid (solid) is a word to hint at a solid or a middle fruit (do not be hollow) in English and correspond to the hollow model which put crusts such as paper or the cloth on the framework like a premature start model (the model plane which can fly). As for the scale model, solid model was mainstream before the wooden model was made for a long time, and a plastic model was generalized. The 1950s was the golden age of the solid model, and, in Japan, an assembling kit of the wooden plane and vessels was released by many makers. When the 1960s begins, plastic models spread rapidly, and the release of the wooden kit from the maker was almost cut off, but the solid model club made in each place in the 1950s continues being active while integrating it, and approximately 200 modelers belong to six clubs as of 2010, and exhibitions are opened [¹].

It is started from so-called garage kit made of resin cast made flourishingly from 1980s through 1990s and an eraser doll of the 1980s, and the polyvinyl chloride figure skating made which I largely improve quality in a candy toy boom in the early 2000s and generalized is a model clogged up of the contents, but these are not called the solid model [²]. On the contrary, as development form of the solid model, the hollow model such as all aluminum models [³] is made.

History

Birth and spread of the solid model

In the 1920s, the scale model of the plane with a tree as materials was made [⁴]. In addition, the wooden parts for the model were sold, too. ^[5]

The name solid model has not been yet used for James Hay Stevens work "Scale Model Aircraft" published in 1933, but the production method that it may be said that it is a basic of the solid model is listed. The reduced scale adopts 1/36 or 1/72, and the figure of third page of the World War I machine is listed, too. In 1932, it is A. J. Produce of Holladay, tree of plane unified to the 1/72 scale with the design of James Hay Stevens and assembling model, "Skybirds" made of metal were released in the U.K., and approximately 80 kinds of kits were produced by 1945. By the advertisement of the magazine at the time, I describe this product with "solid non-flying aeronautical models" (the plane model which does not fly clogged up of the contents). Similar wooden model is used for identification in the military for the same period and I run during World War II and am made in large quantities. In addition, a technique to make a model for similar identification with parts made of plastic was developed in the U.K., and I was marketed in the form of the assembling kit at the mid-1930s, and it was the beginning of the plastic model. The models for the identification made of plastic are mass-produced during World War II in the United States and the U.K. When World War II terminated, the solid model as the hobby revived, too, but the plastic model that sale was begun soon in the United States gradually gained popularity with high recall and ease of the assembling, and the solid model declined in the United States in the 1950s.

History in Japan

In Japan, solid model was produced before World War II, but the use as the model for the identification was evaluated after the outbreak of war, and the exhibition by the leadership of the military was held, too [⁶]. The name "實體 (substance) model" is used in those days, too.

The model airplane wanted to be prohibited after defeat, and [⁷] was lifted the ban on in 23(1948) age of the Showa era, and the activity such as competitions was reopened, too. In addition, the production article [⁸] of the solid model was placed in the aviation magazine including "an aviation fan" of the foundation of a periodical flourishingly in 1951, too, and solid model was popular. In the 1950s, it was founded around 15 the club [⁹] of the lover of the solid model in each place.

In the 1950s, a lot of wooden assembling kits such as an airplane, vessels, the tank are released by many model makers around Shizuoka. There were many things which the wood of a letter of blocking and the board form was only in as parts, but gradually complicated processing came to be put, and the kit which I put three-dimensional curved surface processing for was made early. The first domestic plastic model was released at the end of 1958, but only sales less than the expectation were raised at first. However, the popularity of the plastic model rose by the public relations such as the offers of the TV program, and most of the maker which made a woodenness model till then entered the production of the plastic model when I entered in the 1960s, and the change to a plastic model advanced rapidly. To a plastic model made in early Japan, there was the thing on the pretence of solid model [¹⁰] of plastic, too. In addition, the product which put parts made by a positive kick in a transition period and wooden parts together is released [¹¹]. The interest of the young person moved to a plastic model as a result that most of the wooden assembling kits disappeared by the change to a plastic model, but most of the solid model club of each place continued activity. The Japanese solid model continues original development led by some lovers with a clubber afterward and brings about the technique such as mosaic model [¹²] to divide it every all aluminum models and panels, and marquetry ware-like, to finish [¹³].

Production

 

Example (XF-92 made in JNMC) of the assembling kit of the solid model

Kit

I assembled it in solid model, and, until the 1950s, a kit included the sold thing, but, as for the contents, it was often said only with a detailed plan (figure of third page) and the wood which cut it roughly, and was prepared. The canopy which I molded with metal main gears such as white metal, the brass and transparent resin was attached to the copy, and main parts were to the product of the manufacturing finished three-dimensionally, but most began to sharpen wood earnestly while seeing a drawing, and it was necessary to repeat a process to polish the surface with a file. It completely depended only on the ability of the producer whether an outline resembled an actual machine, and very high industrial arts and the reading ability of the document were required. Therefore a detailed mold was given beforehand, and, by the appearance of the plastic model which could reproduce a correct outline even if anyone made it, many modelers drifted to the plastic model, but some modelers who had a high technique learned lacking something adversely and remained in solid model [¹⁴].

One's own

In the production of the solid model, I often create the whole model by myself. The facture goes through a document, preparations, processing, the painting of materials, the production of parts, a procedure called building it. There is the thing drawn to a cross-section in a part of the commercial drawing, but when there is not a reliable document, I read a right cross-section from a drawing and a photograph, and ability and the experience that are high to reproduce it are necessary. In addition, except armament equipped with outside the engine or the bomb by plane, it is necessary to create hardly all it by itself to the parts of the accessory because there is hardly the equipment to be used in several types of bodies commonly.

Material

As the main materials, I often assume a tree material from a cutting-related good point. I assume Magnolia obovata materials mainly in Japan. Because 朴 is material superior in water resistance, the durability that is used for the materials of the ladle, I am used for a file cliff, the painting by sharpening turning, the tininess parts, and being able to start it. But you must do some processing to prevent it from absorbing moisture because it is wood, and bending, and being warped. Chemical Wood may be used in substitution for wood. For parts production, plastic, a brass board, the brass stick are used, too.

The transparence shelter belt of the plane was often expressed only by the painting early, but the method to push the transparence polyvinyl chloride board which I already heated in the 1950s to the wooden model, and to mold (I squeeze) was used. The materials change to an acrylic board, and the molding method varies from manual operation to a vacuum form afterwards, too.

Because it was difficult to reproduce the skin of the duralumin of no painting of the plane by the painting, it has been performed that I put aluminum foil on the body surface from the 1950s and was crowded. It came to be performed with the large model afterwards to raise affixing, an actual feeling with a sheet of the aluminum of thickness around 0.01-0.02mm. Furthermore, I advance, and the model made of all aluminum is made, but this is not the model which is already a solid (fruit).

Reduced scale

As for the solid model of the plane made from 1930s through 1940s in the U.K. and the United States, there are many things of 1/72 scale and the 1/48 scale, and [¹⁵], these reduced scales are inherited as a standard scale of the plastic model later.

As for the wooden assembling kit released in Japan in the 1950s, reduced scales were hardly unified, but, among the modelers who created it by themselves, the making of the drawing was easy [¹⁶], and handy 1/50 scale settled in the size as a standard scale of the plane model without depending on a kit. 1/50 is used as a main scale, but the diversification of the reduced scale advances depending on an object to gradually make, and 1/25 and 1/100, the plastic model which are double of 1/50 and half and the models such as common 1/32 and 1/144, larger-scale 1/10 or 1/20 are made afterwards.

Similar model

Commercial model

A model for the display, the model for the museum, the model for the individual depending on a professional producer exist. The thing similar to solid model has a production method.

Commercial model

The model of examination and the die production of the product which a plastic model maker models is a model called the shoe tree. The production is similar to facture of the solid model, but the painting is not given. In addition, as for the shoe tree, not only the shape but also the division method usually follows a product and is produced. But, as for most of the designs of the plastic model, the wooden shoe tree is not often made as of 2012 to be performed using three-dimensional CAD.

Miniature for the photography

The miniatures (prop) such as a plane or the vessels for the photography in a war movie and a special effects movie, the special effects TV program are made with wood and sheet metal, plastic, FRP. The production method of the wooden miniature is almost not different from solid model. The miniature for the early photography was often made with wood or sheet metal processing, but when plastic models spread, I used it by remodeling of the plastic model をそのままや number, and it came to be performed that I made the miniature of the new shape with a kit desegregation busing. With a change of the modelling technique, models of the synthetic resin material which I molded in FRP or the resin casts come to be used many.

Footnote

1. The history (SOLID MODEL NET) of the solid model club of ^ Japan
2. In the ^ English zone, there are solid model and the expressed example in the meaning called the original "model clogged up of the contents"
3. ^ Rojas Bazan
4. ^ FLIGHT July, 1920 issue p.787
5. ^ FLIGHT September, 1929 issue p.xxxiii
6. "It is holding at an exhibition only for so-called solid model our country's first on ^ the third aviation day of 1942 in a command from Department of the Navy military duties station Lesson 4 in a certain department store of Ginza…(omission of the latter part) (quote it from "製作敎書 of 實體飛行機模型")
7. It was a model for actual machine production to have been prohibited in ^ true case, and the model of the hobby was not included.
8. "The production of F4B ファンタム II" of the Tamotsu Takami city published serially in ^ "aviation fan" from May, 1965 to July issue is a representative article.
9. As of ^ 2012, six amateur clubs exist in the whole country. Tochigi: Utsunomiya solid model club, Tokyo: Tokyo solid model club, Chiba: Matsudo hesitation ability society, Aichi: Nagoya three points club, Osaka: Osaka solid model club brightly colored cloud society, Kyushu: Fukuoka Aerosmith replica club
10. "Plastic Solid Model" is the same and is listed in "the mountain ranges" which it released in the early 1960s with "all plastic solid model" on the package surface to "Zero fighter" and a kit of "F11F" which Sankyo Seisakusho released in ^ 1959. Even the article of "the Japanese model newspaper" dated December 15, 1958 when I reported the release of the first domestic plastic model names a plastic model "solid model made of plastic".
11. 1/500 scale "cicada plastic models" of 旧日本海軍重巡洋艦 which Tamiya Plastic Model released in ^ 1960.
12. ^ DOXAERIE
13. ^ Mosaic Model 0 sets water observation machine (brightly colored cloud society)
14. ^ "history of Japanese plastic model 50 years" Chapter 1 reference
15. The assembling kit of the woodenness plane unified on 1/48 scale is placed in the catalogue of American Hawk company of the version in ^ 1938.
16. What I draw a figure of on 1/48 scale of 1/4 is not so difficult to become 1/12 in the ^ United States and the U.K. by drawing a figure of 1 foot at 1 inch.

References

• James Hay Stevens, Scale Model Aircraft, John Hamilton Ltd., 1933
• Katsuyoshi Shiraki "製作敎書 Takachiho bookshop of 實體飛行機模型", 1944
• Tamotsu Takami city "production monthly publication "aviation fan" May issue -7 month issue of F4B ファンタム II", sentence Hayashido Co., Ltd., 1965
• 日本プラモデル工業協同組合編 『日本プラモデル50年史』 文藝春秋企画出版部、2008年　ISBN 978-416008063-8

外部リンク

• "SOLID MODEL NET" (2012年8月8日). 2012年8月22日閲覧。
• "Solid Model Memories Home Page" (英語). 2012年8月22日閲覧。
• "彩雲会". 2012年9月25日閲覧。
• "東京ソリッドモデルクラブ". 2012年9月25日閲覧。
• "名古屋３点クラブ". 2016年12月5日閲覧。
• "Fukuoka Aerosmith replica club". 2016年12月5日閲覧。

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