Single-seat constituencies proportional representation continuous use system
The proportional representation that increased an element of the single-member electorate system with the single-seat constituencies proportional representation continuous use system (しょうせんきょくひれいだいひょうれんようせい).
Table of contents
Summary
A point that general proportional representation (political party list proportional representation) and different one are distributed into the number of the seats of the each party according to a vote rate of the proportional representation, but decide a part of the elected candidate in a single-seat constituencies. In addition, unlike the single-seat constituencies proportional representation combination system that is a similar system, an excess seat (German: Überhangmandat, English: Overhang seat) does not occur.
On the occasion of seat distribution of the proportional representation, I divide the number of votes each party obtained by a d'Hondt system and, in the case of a current single-seat constituencies proportional representation standing side by side system in Japan, distribute a seat into much order of the quotient, but I break the number of votes of the each party with a number of number of the seats +1 which I acquired in the single-seat constituencies proportional representation continuous use system that the private enterprise politics Ad Hoc Commission on Administrative Reform proposed in a single-seat constituencies and do it when I distribute it into the order that there are many quotients in a d'Hondt system.
In other words, I begin a place to begin a divisor to use in the calculating formula of the d'Hondt system with /1, /2, /3 and 1 from "number of the elected candidates +1 of the single-seat constituencies" in the continuous use system. Because the seat which I won in a single-seat constituencies is deducted by the seat which should be distributed by the number of votes proportional representation obtained when I use this method, the election results to be provided become near when they distribute all seats which included the single-seat constituencies according to the number of votes of the proportional representation purely.
Example of Japan
There was really no such precedent that it was adopted in Japan, but I proposed the single-seat constituencies proportional representation continuous use system that a political reform promotion meeting (the private political Ad Hoc Commission on Administrative Reform) assumed the metropolis and districts a unit in "proposal [1] about the matter which should be realized about a political reform in the 126th Diet" in April, 1993 and the Socialist Party, the New Komeito, Democratic Socialist Party 3 party were congruent afterwards and gathered up a draft amendment [2]. In addition, it was the ruling party, and it was said that the Democratic Party which raised proportional constant 80 reduction in the pledge prevented the excessive collection of the popular will at the time of 2012 and suggested the introduction of the continuous use system on decreasing by 80 and part continuous use system introduction on having narrowed reduction width. (Tarutoko own plan [3] [4], Koshiishi own plan) [5]. The Liberal Democratic Party which wins a great victory by the Lower House election of 2012, and made its comeback to the ruling party decreases by proportion 30 in March, 2013 and suggests the foundation of "the lower than second party exception frame" similar to the some continuous uses system [6].
Problems of the continuous use system
In the continuous use system that the Free Legal Circles adopted two votes system, the vote value of the proportional-representation constituency to the political party which won a seat in a single-seat constituencies will be greatly discounted, and a result and vote intention of the voting behavior are operated arbitrarily. With the possibility [7] of "the continuous use system buster" by the independent candidate support.
In addition, when I adopt a some continuous uses system, the second party where the first divisor grows big will bear most of the seat expansion less than the third party, and the complete defeat result in the single-seat constituencies is not neutralized. Thus, I point it out with [8] to promote the alliance predominance system more.
Example of foreign countries
Taxonomy not to distinguish from a single-seat constituencies proportional representation combination system as MMP (Mixed member proportional) or AMS (Additional member system) is mainstream in Europe and America. But there is the use to distinguish a method to establish weight in the single-member electorate system a little not to produce an excess seat as AMS in the U.K. [9] and is adopted in Scotland assembly and Wales assembly (Assembly for Wales|en]), London assembly. In addition, Bolivia charges Diet (the Lower House) () is this system, too [10]. As for the methods of Hungarian National Assembly, the Lower House from 1994 through 2005 of Italy and the Upper House until 2005, the element of the single-seat constituencies proportional representation standing side by side system is strong, too, but classify it into AMS elsewhere because put weight for the proportional representation partially; have a plan [11]; [12]. There is the understanding to place the method in the interval as AMS in a single-seat constituencies proportional representation standing side by side system and a single-seat constituencies proportional representation combination system [13].
Footnote
- Proposal about the matter which should be realized about ^ political reform in the 126th Diet
- ^ "The law of nature" was made for political situation - - - decision over the single-member electorate system introduction; or page 27
- ^ Anti-pairs occur successively in House of Representatives election system, Tarutoko "own plan"
- The own plan that the ^ "continuous use system some introduction" Democratic Party is new
- ^ It is a continuous use system to part of presentation independent in democracy, House of Representatives 45 seat reduction plan
- ^ "Proportion exception frame 60" is considered by the LDP, election system reform by the suggestion small and medium size political party
- ^ - Free Legal Circles which inspect a single-seat constituencies proportional representation continuous use system (opinion book)
- ^ - Free Legal Circles fixed as for the proportional constant as for the reduction, the single-member electorate system
- ^ "MMP should not be confused with the additional member system used in the United Kingdom, which has no overhang seats and consequently is not completely a form of PR."[[:en:Mixed-member_proportional_representation] (September 8, 2012 reading)
- ^ Matthew Shugart & Martin P. Wattenberg (ed). 2001. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. P.23.
- ^ [[:en:Mixed-member_proportional_representation] (September 8, 2012 reading)
- I refer to a general election in Italy for the concrete system of ^ Italy in 1994 (I refer to the general election in Italy for the Upper House in 1948). -Monthly Review- politics, economic monthly report (December issue) ]p6-7 is referred to for the adopted system in Hungary on the next time by a general election.
- Beginning sentences of ^ en:Additional Member System. (September 8, 2012 reading)
Allied item
- Norihiko Narita (I insist on promotion)
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