2016년 12월 4일 일요일

Natural bridge

Natural bridge

Natural bridge (sensitive arch (English version), August, 2005) which is seen in an Archie national park of Utah, America
Male bridge (from down stream direction) of Hiroshima Taishaku-kyo Gorge

The natural bridge is a kind of the formations; a rock of the arch is, and point to the thing which a retainer opens. In many cases, I am formed at the place where hard stratum is piled up on the soft stratum and am thin for a bridge, and the shape that the neighborhood becomes the cliff is formed by erosion. The erosion happens by weathering of the sea, a river or the surface of the earth (English version). The part where in this way has low strength of the rock is "I find it and am" れる.

Table of contents

Name

The thing called a natural bridge in Japanese has two ways of names in English. As for the word equal to "a bridge", arch or bridge is called on in English, but the use is not clear. When it is bridge, in association of American natural bridge (The Natural Arch and Bridge Society), I do the thing that, on the other hand, [1] hangs over the valley made of the erosion with the geology glossary of terms (English) among arch which defines the thing made of the erosion with the water among arch when it is bridge [2].

Thing of the shore

I see it to a natural bridge seen in the shore geologically, and there are two kinds. There is easy to be the shape such as the cave to sharpen the rock that the energy of the wave of the sea is gentle as for (when the direction where the obi of the rock runs is at right angles to the shoreline) earlier when a shoreline is irregular (discordant), and it is a natural bridge in what this penetrates. Australian London arch (English version) is the example. When the shore is alignment (concordant) geologically, it is eroded rapidly a soft layer after it was eroded a firm layer. Of da dollar door (English version) and the ラルウォース kob (English version) in the world heritage Jura chic coast of southern part, Dorset, the U.K. throw it away, and a hall (English version) is a model example. When I throw it away, and the erosion of a hall advances and collapses, it is thought that there becomes the shape of the inlet.

Thing caused by the weathering

By the sea and the river, not erosion, pass through the following processes (in other words, by a wave and the current) when is formed by weathering in the land.

  1. A big crack spreads, and the range of sandstones collapses.
  2. Erosion begins in the exposed layer, and a crack thereby gets wide. The part opening thinly of the layer of the sandstone separates.
  3. Because annual temperature change and freezing are exchanged, a small loss occurs in the layer of the sandstone.
  4. Because a small hole grows big by a falling rock and weathering, it becomes the shape of the bridge. As for the part equal to the origin of the bridge, it is eroded by progress of the time, and the bridge collapses sometime soon [3].

I can see a lot these at an Archie national park and a Rainbow Bridge quasi-national park of Utah, America.

Thing by a river and the rainy erosion

 
The topographical map indicating the position of the natural bridge seen in the prairie wolf gorge (English version) which is the branch of the S calanthe river of Utah, America. A current drills a cliff in the place that the river meanders through, and a place opening a natural bridge in is shown. In other words, it is thought that water level was higher once than the present.

Because a current drills a hole, it may become the shape like a bridge. A current flowing from the swale gives chemical action and makes a deep hole, and it is in the form of the bridge because it penetrates stratum.

The example is seen in the natural bridge quasi-national park (English version) of Utah, America. In addition, in Japan, the male Bridge which is the natural bridge which there was in Higashishirocho of Hiroshima by erosion with the water of the existing river is known [4]. In addition, the male bridge is appointed to a natural monument [5].

Thing by the erosion of the stalactite cave

A natural bridge is formed by the erosion of the stalactite cave. This depends on the erosion of plural dolines advancing, and being connected. There is Rashomon (stalactite cave) in Niimi-shi, Okayama in Japan.

 
Rashomon (stalactite cave) of the Atetsu, Okayama stand


In both cases, erosion action is continuing in the natural bridge and, as a result, I collapse sometime soon or disappears. The above London arch had ever become the double bridge, but one collapsed by stormy weather [6].

The example that is used for traffic

In some natural bridges, a road is laid by the top, and it is really used as a bridge, and two cases are seen in Kentucky, America. A paved road goes along one on the natural bridge of the limestone in Carter caves State Park (English version). In natural bridge State Park (English version), an unpaved road goes on the natural bridge of the sandstone made of the weathering one more and is called the ホワイツ branch arch. The road via this top is called a narrow road.

In addition, there are 60m in length (aerial part 9m), 13m in width, thickness 4m, a natural bridge called Podul lui Dumnezeu (bridge of God) of 20m in height in Rumanian ポノアレレ (English version) village (Ponoarele). Is an example of the natural bridge used practically, but perform reinforcement work for preservation now, and measures to detour around a bridge have its traffic stolen [7]; (as of July, 2011).

The male bridge of Shobara-shi, Hiroshima, Japan was used as a life road until the early days of the Showa era [8].

Gallery

The natural bridge that is known

Footnote

  1. ^ Natural Arch and Bridge Society, FAQ.
  2. ^ American Geological Institute, Dictionary of Geological Terms, 1976, Doubleday Anchor
  3. ^ http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/arch/
  4. ^ "cultural heritage native district document encyclopedia 34 Hiroshima p.8 humanities company July 1, 1998 publication with the oldness"
  5. ^ "cultural heritage native district document encyclopedia 34 Hiroshima p.215 humanities company July 1, 1998 publication with the oldness"
  6. ^ Trek Earth
  7. Guidebook on the ^ Rutăocolitoare pentru salvarea Podului Lui Dumnezeu ポノアレレ official site
  8. Figure of "power" "Asahi Shimbun" November 30, 2010 Tokyo evening paper three pages evening paper be Tuesday two copying existence (all 1,377 characters) of the long time that ^ (in a bridge for a wish) male bridge Hiroshima water showed
  9. ^ Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra - A Travel Guide - Book by Milind Gunaji ISBN 81-7154-669-2

Allied item

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