2016년 12월 2일 금요일

Malathion

Malathion

Malathion
Malathion
IUPAC name

Diethyl 2 - [(dimethoxy phospholoti oil) スルファニル] succinate
Another name
Marathon
Characteristic
Chemical formula C10H19O6
Molar mass 235.25 g mol-1
The appearance Yellow to brown liquid
Density 1.23
Relative vapor density 11.4
Melting point

2.9 degrees Celsius
The boiling point

156-157 degrees Celsius
Solubility to water 145 mg/L
Taste Bitter
The risk
EU classification Harm XnCorrosive CThe risk to environment N
The main risk The target organ / whole body toxicity (single time revelation)
Organ (nervous system) disorder (division 1)
The risk in ingesting it Harm (division 4) is harmful when I swallow it
The risk to respiratory organs ー (I cannot classify it)
The risk to eyes ー (the division outside)
The risk to skin Warning (division 1)
Allergic skin reaction
Fear to cause
Ignition point 163 degrees Celsius (325 degrees Fahrenheit, 436 K)
LD-50 LD50 1,390 mg/kg (oral rat /)
1,500 mg/kg (oral mouse /)
Identification information
CAS registration number 121-75-5
The source
International Chemical Safety Card
I can put a case, the data without the special mention for normal temperature (25 degrees Celsius), the ordinary pressure (100 kPa).

The malathion (English: Malathion) is a kind of the organic phosphorus, existence machine sulfur system insecticide. I am called the marathon.

British: American Cyanamid Company (later Weiss, existing Pfizer) developed it and received pesticide registration in Japan on February 7, 1953. The bulk import 207t, single emulsion amount of production 252kL, single powdered medicine amount of production 230t (each 1999). I am used as "marathon emulsion" widely and am sold with brand names such as "マラバッサ" mainly. I can purchase it without a seal in home centers.

Table of contents

Use

As a contact-related insecticide, I am used for the aphids spider mites harlequin bugs of the farming place and am used as pharmaceutical products for the extermination and the animal of a fly, mosquitoes of the garbage reclaimed land.

Use in the United States

The malathion is used widely in the United States to maintain public sanitation such as the destruction of the mosquito by an insecticide used in agriculture, house landscape gardening.

The 1980s
In the 1980s, I was used for a medfly in California. During the period of several months, it was performed by aerial dispersion on a large scale every week near the suburbs area. Alameda county、San Bernardino county、San Mateo county、Santa Clara county、Sun Joaquin county、Stanislaus county、Merced countyAerial dispersion was carried out over a part of the suburbs of の.
1981
One of the California maintenance corpses swallowed it in late 1981 and did one share of thin malathion liquid. This was a trial to demonstrate safety of outbreak following malathion of the medfly of California. It atomized it to 3,600 square kilometers to get rid of the flies.
1999 through 2000
In the autumn of 1999 and the spring of 2000, it atomized an insecticide in Long Island and five districts of New York City to collect it in the West Nile virus.

Use in Canada

2005
In Manitoba Winnipeg, it atomized it as part of a campaign of the West Nile virus in July, 2005.

Use in Australia

I am used to deal with a medfly.

Medical use

The malathion is used in a low dose (0.5% preparation) as a therapeutic drug and is used for a head louse and the louse of the body. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Noxious

Malathion in itself is less toxic, but, by absorption to the human body or an intake, toxic strength increases easily.

Standard value

The pesticide residue standard value
  • It is less than 8.0ppm by wheat, an onion, a pumpkin.
  • It is less than 0.1-8.0ppm with the crops except the above.
Daily intake tolerance (ADI) 
  • 0.3 mg/kg [1]
Acute reference capacity (German version)
  • 2 mg/kg [1]

Poisoning symptom

A poisoning symptom by the choline esterase activity inhibition that is common to an organo-phosphoric pesticide is seen [1].

Slight illness
Nausea、Vomiting、Sialorrhea、A large quantity of sweat、Diarrhea、Abdominal pain、Lassitude、Headache[1]。
Medium grade symptom
In addition to the above,Miosis、Line fibrillation、Speech impediment、Eyesight decline、Bradycardia[1]。
Serious case
Miosis、Clouding of consciousness、Pupillary light reflex disappearance、Edema of the lungs、Rise in blood pressure[1]。

Most symptoms tend to heal within several weeks, but may rarely result in death.

  • I produce a poisonous gas including phosphorus oxide, the sulfur oxide by flammable (ignition point 163 degrees Celsius) combustion.
  • It is toxic and has an influence for the aquatic on the bees.
  • I erode some metal including iron and some plastic rubber.

Choline esterase inhibition action

The malathion develops the toxicity by the irreversible choline esterase inhibition action by being metabolized in the insect to マラオクソン by internal cytochrome P450. Because the malathion is broken down in the mammals by carboxylesterase and is inactivated, it is less toxic.

Development neurotoxicity

Influence on cranial nerve cell
With the report that density of the dendrite spa in significantly decreased the mouse which gave malathion (40 mg/kg) for 14 days [3].
I refer to "the neural circuit formation"

Allied with an attention defect, the hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD)

As a result of having investigated an American child, connection was shown in dimethyl alkyl phosphate (DMAP) density and the diagnosis rate of the urinary dialkyl phosphate (Alkyl phosphate) density particularly metabolism thing of the attention defect, hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) although the causation was unclear [4]; [5].

Carcinogenic

The malathion does not yet understand carcinogenic presence. The malathion is classified as a thing with carcinogenicity by American EPA. As a result of having done an excessive dose to a female mouse, a liver tumor occurred, and there was tumor of the nasal cavity to the mouse which occurred after revelation.

Influence on amphibians

In the study conducted by Pittsburgh University in 2008, I found a fatal thing with the ladle of the leopard frog. In density less than the limit that was set far by EPA of five insecticides (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, die horse mackerel non, end sulfane, malathion) used widely when put it together, it became clear that 99% of ladles of the leopard frog died.

Case

in Pakistan

The pollutant that the worker of a large number of malaria could exist during some preparations of the malathion with the isomalathion in 1976 was poisoned.

Mixture to food

The details refer to "AQLI Foods Corporation pesticide mixture case"

It is announced that malathion (pesticide) was detected from the frozen food that produced it in the AQLI Foods Corporation Gunma factory (Oizumi-machi, Gunma) of the Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Inc. subsidiary on December 29, 2013, and the collection of the product and an on-site inspection by Gunma, the investigation by the police are performed [6].

Footnote, source

References

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= malathion &oldid=61176039"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Malathion

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