2016년 12월 1일 목요일

KH-7

KH-7

Launching of KH-7 that I use atlas アジェナ

KH-7, the cancer bit (British: KH-7 GAMBIT, Gambit, another name: Air Force Program 206) is a reconnaissance satellite of the United States of America. I was continued using for June, 1967 from July, 1963. Like the corona system of the predecessor, I took a satellite image and performed image information gathering (English version) to the ground by returning only a photograph film of non-developing. This satellite achieved resolution of 3 ft (0.91m) above the ground in a representative figure from 2 ft (0.61m) [1]. In 2002, most of the images obtained from KH-7 were performed declassification of. However, detailed (and the structure of the satellite) of this reconnaissance satellite plan was put in a state covered by the veil of thick military secrets until it was canceled in 2011 [2].

Table of contents

Constitution of the system

 
Cancer bit reconnaissance system
 
I am displaying it at KH-7, a cancer bit reconnaissance satellite, a national American air force museum in Ohio Dayton

Fee dibooby tea study to apply an optics photography reconnaissance satellite system in geodesy, a feasibility investigation (A feasibility study for the Geodesic Optical Photographic Satellite System) were carried out. Therefore it is revealed that an American optics reconnaissance satellite of the 1960s was comprised of three subsystems from a left record. Primarily second and third, "trajectory control department" (OCV less than Orbital (or Orbiting) Control Vehicle オービティング (or orbital), a control vehicle::), "data collection part" (data collection module: Data Collection Module: DCM) was "re-entry into the earth's atmosphere capsule" (a recovery section: Recovery Section, Recovery Vehicle: lower than RS or RV) [3]. In KH-7, DCM was called "optics imager part" (COM less than Camera Optics Module camera オプティックス module::) and was assembled on OCV. OCV had 5.5m in length (18 ft), dimensions of 1.52m in diameter (5 ft 0 in) [4].

COM

COM of KH-7 consisted of three cameras. Three are one striptease camera (single strip camera), fixed star camera one (stellar camera) and one index camera (index camera).

In a striptease camera, the image of the surface of the earth is reflected with the plane mirror which I can operate by an order from the ground and is input into the main mirror of the fixed concave lens of 1.21m in diameter (48 in). Then, the incident radiation reflects it in the main mirror and passes a loss type convex lens (Ross corrector) through the round hole which there was in the center of the plane mirror. Do ground observation area to an angle from the subjacency of the satellite by letting move it to 22 centimeters, and right and left expose to light in the part which this satellite prompts a photograph film to; and of 6.3 degrees wave; with width for the reconnaissance took a picture [5]; [6]. The resolution of the initial model satellite above the ground was 1.2 meters (3.9 ft), but improved to 0.6 meters (2.0 ft) with the latter term model of 1966. Each satellite had a weight of approximately 2,000 kilograms (4,409.2 lb) and was equipped with the pail for the photograph film ground return of the one per launching mission of once. kH-7 was made in Lockheed. The camera and the film transport system were made in Kodak [6].

The index camera was an equivalence product of the camera system used in late KH-4, KH-6 reconnaissance satellite. In addition, the index camera was used for the posture detection of the satellite. When a satellite rolled the method, and the direction of the camera deviated from satellite subjacency that is the nadir side, it was performed by measuring exposure of the surface of the earth of the which faced it. The fixed star camera was used as a star tracker and photographed the outer space where the constellation of the zenith side for the satellite spread through. The image between the star which a camera caught was photographed in the state that repeated the trout eyes of squares for the astrophotograph measurement on image plane. [5] Both fixed star camera, index cameras were provided by eye technique (English version), and the horizon sensor was provided again by Burns engineering (en) [1].


OCV and RV

The main contractor of OCV and the RV was General Electric [1].

Reconnaissance duty

All display of the KH-7 satellite was carried out at アルグエロ cape (English version). here becomes a part of the Vandenberg Air Force Base in June, 1964. The KH-7 satellite had 38 times of launching, and numbers from 4001 to 4038 were dumped in each. 34 planes of those returned a film to the ground, and 30 planes of the inside saw a useful reconnaissance photograph again. As for the time that one time of mission took, the KH-7 satellite which was eight days [7] recorded the number of nearly 170 times of go-around in a body from 1 if I added it up while there was it in orbit [1].

Functional

 
Reconnaissance image of Shuanchengtzu missile base (current Jiuquan satellite discharge center) A Iba of the People's Republic of China taken in May, 1967 by KH-7

By high-resolution equipment parts, KH-7 took the detailed photograph of "the hotspot". As for most things of these photographs, it is thought so that military activity such as missile development or the nuclear weapon development in the former east side camp of the Cold War period such as China or the Soviet Union is facilities performed lively. A thing with other important facilities including a city and the harbor as a cover copying object was included in other photographs [8]. The image taken with the camera of this satellite amounts to 19,000 pieces in total. The most were canceled by the United States of America executive order 12951st of the purpose to open an image provided by a national reconnaissance project from the outer space started in 2002 to the public (Executive order 12951) by secret designation [9]. This Executive Order performed declassification of the contents of the corona plan with KH-7, and the copy of the photograph film was transferred to "earth resources observation system station" (Earth Resources Observation Systems office) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) [10]. Approximately 100 pieces of shares that photographed a domain of Israel among the reconnaissance images which were top secret are still left as a confidential information [11].

KH-8 of the successor continued using code name "cancer bit (Gambit)" same as predecessors in the family line, too.

Subsatellite for ELINT

With launching number 4009, I launched the P-11 small size vice-satellite on the job of the radar monitoring as part of an electronic intelligence intercept duty (ELINT) together. The P-11 smallsat was spent by a more expensive railroad track [12]; [13].

List of launching of KH-7

Name Mission number The launching date and time Another name NSSDC ID No. Display machine Perigee (km) Apogee (km) Orbit angle of inclination (deg)
KH7-1 4001 1963-07-12 OPS-1467 1963-028A Atlas Agena D 164 164 95.4
KH7-2 4002 1963-09-06 OPS-1947 1963-036A Atlas Agena D 168 263 94.4
KH7-3 4003 1963-10-25 OPS-2196 1963-041A Atlas Agena D 144 332 99.1
KH7-4 4004 1963-12-18 OPS-2372 1963-051A Atlas Agena D 122 266 97.9
KH7-5 4005 1964-02-25 OPS-2423 1964-009A Atlas Agena D 173 190 95.7
KH7-6 4006 1964-03-11 OPS-3435 1964-012A Atlas Agena D 163 203 95.8
KH7-7 4007 1964-04-23 OPS-3743 1964-020A Atlas Agena D 150 366 103.6
KH7-8 4008 1964-05-19 OPS-3592 1964-024A Atlas Agena D 141 380 101.1
KH7-9 4009 1964-07-06 OPS-3684 1964-036A Atlas Agena D 121 346 92.9
KH7-10 4010 1964-08-14 OPS-3802 1964-045A Atlas SLV-3 (English version), Agena D 149 307 95.5
KH7-11 4011 1964-09-23 OPS-4262 1964-058A SLV-3 Agena D 145 303 92.9
KH7-12 4012 1964-10-08 OPS-4036 1964-F11 SLV-3 Agena D -- - -- - -- -
KH7-13 4013 1964-10-23 OPS-4384 1964-068A Atlas Agena D 139 271 88.6
KH7-14 4014 1964-12-04 OPS-4439 1964-079A SLV-3 Agena D 158 357 97
KH7-15 4015 1965-01-23 OPS-4703 1965-005A SLV-3 Agena D 146 291 102.5
KH7-16 4016 1965-03-12 OPS-4920 1965-019A SLV-3 Agena D 93 155 0.0
KH7-17 4017 1965-04-28 OPS-4983 1965-031A SLV-3 Agena D 180 259 95.7
KH7-18 4018 1965-05-27 OPS-5236 1965-041A SLV-3 Agena D 149 267 95.8
KH7-19 4019 1965-06-25 OPS-5501 1965-050B SLV-3 Agena D 151 283 107.6
KH7-20 4020 1965-07-12 OPS-5810 1965-F07 SLV-3 Agena D -- - -- - -- -
KH7-21 4021 1965-08-03 OPS-5698 1965-062A SLV-3 Agena D 149 307 107.5
KH7-22 4022 1965-09-30 OPS-7208 1965-076A SLV-3 Agena D 98 164 95.6
KH7-23 4023 1965-11-08 OPS-6232 1965-090B SLV-3 Agena D 145 277 93.9
KH7-24 4024 1966-01-19 OPS-7253 1966-002A SLV-3 Agena D 150 269 93.9
KH7-25 4025 1966-02-15 OPS-1184 1966-012A SLV-3 Agena D 148 293 96.5
KH7-26 4026 1966-03-18 OPS-0879 1966-022A SLV-3 Agena D 162 208 101
KH7-27 4027 1966-04-19 OPS-0910 1966-032A SLV-3 Agena D 139 312 116.9
KH7-28 4028 1966-05-14 OPS-1950 1966-039A SLV-3 Agena D 133 358 10.5
KH7-29 4029 1966-06-03 OPS-1577 1966-048A SLV-3 Agena D 143 288 86.9
KH7-30 4030 1966-07-12 OPS-1850 1966-062A SLV-3 Agena D 137 236 95.5
KH7-31 4031 1966-08-16 OPS-1832 1966-074A SLV-3 Agena D 146 358 93.3
KH7-32 4032 1966-09-16 OPS-1686 1966-083A SLV-3 Agena D 148 333 93.9
KH7-33 4033 1966-10-12 OPS-2055 1966-090A SLV-3 Agena D 155 287 91
KH7-34 4034 1966-11-02 OPS-2070 1966-098A SLV-3 Agena D 159 305 91
KH7-35 4035 1966-12-05 OPS-1890 1966-109A SLV-3 Agena D 137 388 104.6
KH7-36 4036 1967-02-02 OPS-4399 1967-007A SLV-3 Agena D 136 357 102.4
KH7-37 4037 1967-05-22 OPS-4321 1967-050A SLV-3 Agena D 135 293 91.5
KH7-38 4038 1967-06-04 OPS-4360 1967-055A SLV-3 Agena D 149 456 104.8

(NSSDC ID Numbers: See COSPAR)

History

 
The macrophotograph of the American United States Congress assembly hall. In February, 1966, I photograph it in KH-7, mission 4025
The source of this chapter: Space Review[6]

I launched it, and, around the beginning of 1963, the KH-7, cancer bit plan began with failure. The first examination launching was fired on an atlas アジェナ D display machine in May, 1963 by Vandenberg Air Force Base. It was equipped with a dummy payload in imitation of the cancer bit satellite which was not provided for real reconnaissance use on the tip of the atlas and was launched. However, the launching itself ended in failure by some kind of accidents.

It was about July 12, 1963 that I succeeded in the display of the cancer bit mission for the first time. It was a thing that I used the different atlas アジェナ D rocket in Vandenberg. I completed movement as it was established in a procedure that the atlas rocket worked appropriately and dropped in the Pacific which opened to the south of Iba after 消尽 did a propellent. A bell 8096. second step rocket engine put on アジェナ fired it after the first second step cutting apart and cast a cancer bit satellite into polar orbit of an altitude of 102 miles (164km). The U.S. air force named this launching number 4001.

The aerospace company (English version) strongly recommended that I kept on OCV having been picked up on the アジェナ upper section even if a satellite arrived at the appointed orbit of the outer space in the first display of the cancer bit system. As for this, アジェナロケット is used by other launching; with the success results is because was not trusted for reliable one because OCV did not have the results. This judgment limited the function of the cancer bit, and the reconnaissance photograph meant that I could not photograph it unless photography target came right under a satellite. When a photography period was expired in mission 4002 successfully, OCV and アジェナ were separated, and the re-entry capsule dropped in the Hawaiian northwest sea area. The capsule was collected in the air in C-130, Hercules. The photograph film canister was transported immediately by hawk's eye (Hawkeye) facilities of Kodak in New York Rochester and received various handling of developing [14]. The image after having developed it was sent to the technical officer specialized in an image study, the analysis of the American air force in Washington D.C.

Cancer bit launching number 4003 was launched successfully on October 25, 1963. I could release the re-entry capsule which I packed with a film after having ended a photography phase successfully and was able to collect the capsule on schedule by air. In addition, examinations such as the operation check of OCV were conducted.

Launching number 4004 was launched successfully, and the film collection container was collected on December 18, 1963. 4007 was success from mission number 4005, too.

In mission 4008 of May, 1964, アジェナ upper section rocket caused unidentified rolling at a boost stage. The cancer bit plan came here and has been hit by a serious problem. Although a problem happened by OCV system, the film canister was able to put back the film which some images were copied into to the ground.

Various various problems occurred in most of the remaining missions. The twice of them ended in perfect failure as there was not it more. In addition, the photograph film itself which photographed a military base of the communism camp and other various important facilities although I was able to cast a reconnaissance satellite into the orbit by a certain launching did not come back.

After having performed the quality check of this plan, the Secretary of NRO completes it saying "it might be said that some failure examples succeeded in the plan of the thing which there was if they see a KH-7, cancer bit plan generally". Large improvement was added to the satellite body and a camera system by the KeyHole reconnaissance project to perform succession, and it was that I did large-scale version up. The satellite was changed to KH-8 GAMBIT 3 by measure upgrading, but continued using the name of "the cancer bit" sequentially.

Cost

When the total cost that hung over the close of all 38 times of the KH-7 plan excluded the cancer bit camera of five that sold to NASA other than temporary cost from budget demand amounts of money from 1963 to 1967, did it, and 651.4 1 million dollars hung over the U.S. dollar even in 1963 (when revise price hike to] [when, is 5.03 1 billion dollars with the amount of money of] [when today); [15]. Production facility, launching facilities, a development cost and one thyme support accounted for the breakdown of the cost of the ordinary outside. A ratio for the total cost of the plan was 24.3% and I made an amount of money and was 209.1 1 million dollars. As a result, the total program cost in 1963 was 860.5 1 million dollars (and repair it to a price of] [when 6.65 1 billion dollars); [1].

Image reconnaissance satellite of other United States of America

Footnote

  1. ^ a b c d e "Summary Analysis of Program 206 (GAMBIT)". National Reconnaissance Office (August 29, 1967). October 7, 2011 reading.
  2. ^ Flashlights in the dark, The Space Review
  3. ^ "Fesibility Study Final Report: Geodetic Optical Photographic Satellite System, Volume 2 Data Collection System." National Reconnaissance Office (June, 1966). December 19, 2010 reading.
  4. ^ Day, Dwayne A. (November 29, 2010). "Black Apollo". www.thespacereview.com. December 17, 2010 reading.
  5. ^ a b "KH-7 Camera System- Part I". National Photographic Intepretation Center (July, 1963). June 20, 2012 reading.
  6. ^ a b c Day, Dwayne A. (January 25, 2009). "Ike' s gambit: The development and operations of the KH-7 and KH-8 spy satellites". www.thespacereview.com. November 29, 2010 reading.
  7. ^ "NRO review and redaction guide" (2006 ed.). National Reconnaissance Office. July 6, 2007 reading.
  8. ^ NARA ARC database description of "Keyhole-7 (KH-7) Satellite Imagery, 07/01/1963 - 06/30/1967", accession number NN3-263-02-011 (November 8, 2011 access)
  9. ^ "National Archives Releases Recently Declassified Satellite Imagery." National Archives and Records Administration press release (October 9, 2002). July 10, 2007 reading.
  10. ^ edc.usgs.gov
  11. ^ "Historical imagery declassification". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. It archives it than an original as of October 7, 2007. July 10, 2007 reading.
  12. ^ "1964-036B." NASA National Space Science Data Center (October 8, 2010). January 16, 2011 reading.
  13. ^ Day, Dwayne (April 27, 2009). "Robotic ravens: American ferret satellite operations during the Cold War". thespacereview.com. January 18, 2011 reading.
  14. ^ "National Reconnaissance Office Review and Redaction Guide: Appendix C - Glossary of Code Words and Terms." National Reconnaissance Office (2008). It archives it than an original as of June 20, 2012. January 7, 2011 reading.
  15. ^ "The GAMBIT story". National Reconnaissance Office (June, 1991). September 25, 2011 reading.

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