Civil society
The civil society (civil society) is a meaning many things-like concept, and the principal definition is difficult. "Civil society" and the translated original diverge into many branches, and, for example, the word "Bürgerliche Gesellschaft" is translated as civil society, but the implication is different from "civil society".
Table of contents
Concept
Not only I point to the civil society in a citizen's community in ancient Greece Rome and modern times after the people's revolution in the traditional top, but also I may point to "the community space" that does not receive control, and a word this as the society which the bourgeoisie rules over assuming rank opposition from the situation of the Marxism is used by the power of the state.
In addition, the power of the states disperse and penetrate, and, according to thinker Antonio Gramsci of the early 20th century, it is already said to everyday everywhere including the media, a school, the church that this suppresses civil society. Therefore is going to regain "publicity "・" community space" by networking the motion of voluntary citizen group which can be opposed to this, working is seen.
Ancient citizen community and modern civil society
As a citizen's community in the Western ancient times, examples include ancient Athens and Roma. "A citizen" of this time referred to a citizenship maintainer, the freedman who participated in municipal administration on defending the police as hoplite and never pointed to all members of the city. Each person was not equal in a right, and, in the social position system society of the Middle Ages, the tradition of such a citizen's community was lost.
The revival of the citizen's community is made in U.K. France by success of the people's revolution. States-General since the Middle Ages continued in the English revolutions, and the past tradition society was respected, but I denied Anshan レジーム in the French Revolution and I completely dismantled old social position system society and advocated Declaration of the Rights of Man. Therefore France built civil society in the form that an idea purified more. In other words, I am equal by a form called the equal civic combination in freedom and a right. This citizen community formed newly was tied to a nation, and a nation community was formed.
In the modern civil society, it becomes the requirements of the establishment that personal freedom is guaranteed. In other words, each individual (citizen) not being forced religious viewpoints on own political claim by others and each individual can dispose of own property freely (private property system), and it is demanded that freedom of the quotient activity is performed security (the guild abolition) of. Because a citizen held initiative of the politics through people's revolution in U.K. France, the government will guarantee these things.
Trend after the Cold War
It was similar at the point that a nation and a party interfered every social domain and ruled over the Communist Party government of Eastern Europe under the Cold War, and the fascism controlled. At this point it may be said that the opinion of above-mentioned グラムシ was like foresight (a nation denied an individual, and both systems might reach the totalitarianism to completely place politics, economy, society under control.). Not the exercise of one pole model based on the conventional Communist Party, labor union, a thought that groups concerned with citizen's everyday life for the power of the state to measure interference through governmental bureaucracy and the mass media bound a network together and should develop multi-electrode-like resistance movement was formed for daily life to secure a civil liberty under such situation. In Eastern Europe where the Communist Party suppressed a citizen, it let you activate such a discussion among other things that Communist Party dictatorial regime collapsed in succession in 1989 (Eastern Europe revolution) and that citizen groups played an active part on this occasion.
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This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Civil society
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