Brush of ハイディンガー
The brush (Haidinger's brush) of ハイディンガー inner; it is said with a fascicular design to appear in the center of the field of vision of the Homo sapiens subtly when saw the visible light that see it, and is polarized in one of the phenomena.
Table of contents
Summary
The light that is a side wave vibrates in the direction with an electric field, the magnetic field. The general light such as the light of the sun is the thing that this vibration direction mingled variously, but a blue sky and borrowed light are the polarized light that vibration was inclined to to a particular direction. As for the eyes of some migratory birds and insects, there is power to take in a vibration direction of this polarized light, and the sun does it with the clue which knows the direction by the polarization of the blue sky even if invisible directly. In addition, there is known to be power to sense polarization to the eyes of an octopus and the cuttlefish. It is apt to be thought that Homo sapiens does not have power to usually take in such a polarization, but, in fact, the eyes of the Homo sapiens understand polarization of the light.
The center of the field of vision can take in a light design to be called a brush of ハイディンガー when I observe polarized light well. This is a yellow narrow bunch to the bow tie-shaped boundary small design that became dim, and it is hard to be even more outstanding, but it is likely that it is yellow, and there is a bluish design at right angles. But it is thought that there is individual difference how clearly you can see a brush and is to the person whom the person who says that invisible at all says to that I am seen clearly too much and interfere. The typical size of this brush is approximately 2-3 degrees of the angle.
When I checked a mineral by the cause of the light that Austrian geologist Wilhelm phone ハイディンガー (en:Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger) polarize, this phenomenon was discovered and was reported academically in 1846. It depends on the border becoming dim, and seeing it that this design is called a brush. In German, I say ハイディンガー = ビュッシェル (Haidinger-Büschel), and ビュッシェル is a meaning of "the bunches".
Method to see a brush
Many people cannot readily look at the brush of ハイディンガー at the beginning. This phenomenon is much in comparison with the outside image which we usually look at with eyes lighter and I appear and am easy to disappear. The brush always appears in the center of the field of vision, but becomes easy to see it some because our eyes are hard to perceive the thing which does not move for a field of vision by changing a vibration direction of the polarization, and turning a design. You should merely lean a head to one side in this slowly.
The simplest method to identify a brush of this ハイディンガー is to use LCD monitors such as computers. The light of LCD monitor changing brightness using polarization direction is polarized in the specific direction. The existence is plain when I incline the head to right and left slowly while turning eyes to the white domain where nothing of the screen of the computer is written, and warning the center of the field of vision. When I look at the monitor from distance of 50cm, the size of the brush becomes around 2cm on a monitor. Because the light of the monitor of the cathode-ray tube is still less polarized, I cannot use it for this purpose.
When there is the light polarizer such as polarization sunglasses, I become clear more when I watch the walls which there is not where it is likely that I was lighted up over a light polarizer equally closely. In addition, the light causing the Rayleigh scattering such as the blue sky is polarized. You should look at the domain polarized most per angle of 90 degrees from the sun to see the polarization of the blue sky.
The cause that this phenomenon happens
The size of the brush of this ハイディンガー is equivalent to size of macula (en:macula) which slightly becomes dented in the center of the retina. This phenomenon is done with a thing by polarization dichromic vision (en:dichroism) of the molecules of the pigment forming a line into a circle in this macula form and it is toric that a brush is very light and depends on the molecules which lined up being small portions. Polarization dichroism is a property varying in the absorption factor to a material by the different light of the direction of the vibration.
In addition, probably it is related to this phenomenon that the outer stratum of the cone cell (cone cell) of the retina causes birefringence. The cornea slightly causes birefringence, too, but a further study is necessary to clarify the connection in this phenomenon.
Applied to medical care
Because it is limited to the field of vision equivalent to macula, I can use that a brush of ハイディンガー appears for confirmation and training of the perception with the macula using a brush of ハイディンガー. There is custom づいている case not to watch an object closely with central fovea (ちゅうしんか, en:fovea) in the macular center, and to see it for certain squint in the domain of the remote retina from the center. This is called a prejudiced mind fixation (eccentric fixation). A device called Macular Integrity Tester-Trainer (MITT) which used a brush of ハイディンガー may be used to save that I train you to correct this prejudiced mind fixation, and to look at the thing with central fovea. I use a turning polarizing plate using the bright sunshine in this device from the rear. I attach blue glasses to be easy to look at the brush of ハイディンガー, and to do it, and the user can perceive a brush of ハイディンガー in the part equal to the macula if things go well by shading the light, and one eye is trained to put an object on top of one another with a brush of ハイディンガー, and to see it.
References
- Alcoz, J.. "Haidinger's Brush". Polarization.com. December 26, 2006 reading.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Brush of ハイディンガー
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