領邦
A jurisdiction of the half independence led by the monarch that 領邦 (both, Germany: Territorium[1][2][3]) was established in Europe in the Middle Ages. 領邦 gradually stimulated independence in Germany and fixed the national appearance (person of country, Germany to possess: Territorialstaat[1][3], Landesstaat[3]), and tentative national sovereignty was accepted at the mid-17th century. When unification in Germany was achieved in the late 19th century, the national sovereignty was lost, and the position as many countries which constituted Deutsches Reich was recognized.
Table of contents
Name
Territorium of German is a word to mean "the territory".
It may be supported "領邦" ("a dukedom") Fürstentum "a country of フュルスト" (feudal lords).
Is said that general [2], but it may be used about [4] [1], the Germany many countries until Germany unification (1871) what the word "person of country to possess" points to the local nation (feudal lords territory, empire city) constituting Holy Roman Empire [2], and use after [1] (about thirteenth century [2] [4]) about time until the dismantling (1806) of Holy Roman Empire in the latter period in [4], the Middle Ages [2]; [4].
History
By the eleventh century, the influential person who used constant armaments authority in European each place appeared and established the semiautonomous government under the higher-ranking power (Imperial power, sovereignty). They did not construct a castle from a purpose of the border defense as before and came to establish the castle in the point equal to own rule base and came to use dominance under the hereditary system system for a constant domain. But the areal rule depended on the feudal human relations.
Reinforcement of the sovereignty advances when it becomes in France in late Middle Ages, and 領邦 of each place is subordinate to sovereignty in France. Therefore 各領邦 did not reach the sovereign state which became independent. The strong system of the sovereignty was formed of Norman conk est of the late eleventh century in comparison with other countries in England, and 領邦 hardly existed any place other than the border area. However, 領邦 developed as 徐々領邦国家 in Germany. For this background, a holy caesar at the time is pressed by "an Italian policy" and "appointment right struggle", and factors will include that I lacked in leadership to the interest consciousness of the Germany entirety.
Person of territory country of Germany
In the early thirteenth century, the holy caesar Friedrich second came to approve rights such as upper jurisdiction, the monetization right, the construction of a castle right for common customs feudal lords with ministry feudal lords. Furthermore, it should be decisive, and the formation of the person of country to possess went ahead through the independence of feudal lords in each place to a Great Interregnum Period of the emperor absence having begun at the mid-thirteenth century. The gold seal Imperial letter of 1356 promoted the decentralization of the empire more, and the master of territory Kuni of each place pushed forward the collection of incarnation of every 領邦. The number of 領邦 rose than 300 at this time.
In the 16th century the House of Hapsburg strong; became it very much, and self-subsistence of 領邦 was threatened, but 領邦 acquired religion option in the within the territory because a religion peace conference of Augsburg was established after religious war of several degrees. It will let 領邦 become independent from interference of the emperor, the Pope still more in this way that 領邦教会体制 was established.
In 1648, sovereign power of 各領邦 was accepted in ヴェストファーレン treaty for the time being, and approximately 300 territory country house was true. This was a story in the ideas to the last and it was really only large feudal lords territory of very few that strengthened the position as the sovereign state, but they controlled the power of the within the territory noble and they stabilized finance and trained governmental bureaucracy and a standing army. What form a unified one-country-one-nation in modern times will be late in this way because 集権化 was pushed forward in every territory country house of each place in Germany whereas neighboring country France pushes forward centralization under "absolute Imperial rule".
Footnote
- ^ a b c d Shosuke Hiraki. "Person of country to possess". Nippon University encyclopedia ニッポニカ (Koto bank 所収). April 11, 2015 reading.
- ^ a b c d e "Person of country to possess". The world great encyclopedia second edition (Koto bank 所収). April 11, 2015 reading.
- ^ a b c "Person of country to possess". Britannica international large encyclopedia small item encyclopedia (Koto bank 所収). April 11, 2015 reading.
- ^ a b c d "Person of country to possess". Encyclopedia マイペディア (Koto bank 所収). April 11, 2015 reading.
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia 領邦
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