Denaturation

With the denaturation (strange result), a property change. I may particularly abnormally point to the case to change. In addition, I point to the property itself that changed.

• Denaturing → denaturation (medicine) in the medical field
• Denaturing → # denaturation (biopolymer) in the field of biochemistry
• Denaturing → # denaturation (alcohol) of the alcohol

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Denaturing (biopolymer)

I say that the second structure of the polymer is destroyed, and denaturation (English: Denaturation) of the biopolymer is that the biopolymer such as the denatured nucleic acid or protein loses highly advanced structure and change. The state that the third structure of a nucleic acid and the protein failed is near a random coil, but calls it with the state that denatured the state that is a denaturing result of such a biopolymer. There are the chemical substance called the hot (high temperature, extreme low temperature and freeze) acid, alkali, surfactant, organic solvent and denaturant or pressure, a supersonic wave or stirring for a cause.

The protein keeps highly advanced structure (second ... quaternary structure) by hydrogen bonding, a hydrophobic bond, ionic bonding, but is denatured when these are destroyed and lose a characteristic folded structure. There are surfactants such as the sodium dodecyl sulfate destroying urea and guanidine salt, a hydrophobic bond destroying hydrogen bonding to the protein denaturant. When the enzyme is denatured, I lose catalytic action, and other protein loses a function, too. It was thought that the denaturation of the protein is irreversible once, but it is possible with much protein to regain right structure by a method such as gradually removing a denaturant (reproduction), and protein helping the folding called the chaperon in the living body is reported. (I refer to a clause of "the thermodynamic stability of the protein")

Denaturation of the protein is used for processing of the food well. For example, of meat and the egg heat and cook it, and is solidification of tofu and the yogurt, gelatine production (heat denatures collagen, and make it).

The nucleic acid keeps the second structure (characteristic folded structure of double-helix structure and the RNA of DNA) by the hydrogen bonding between the nucleic acid base. When this hydrogen bonding is destroyed, denaturation happens, and double helix divides into two single strand with DNA (I refer to rewind of DNA).

The denaturation may show a property of the phase transition thermodynamically. Call the denaturation by the heat of the nucleic acid in particular with the fusion to suddenly get up at constant temperature (it varies according to sequence) and call that I let you gradually lower the temperature of the nucleic acid which melted adversely and restore it with reproduction or recombination or annealing (will of the annealing of the English :annealing metalwork) or re-annealing.

Denaturing (alcohol)

The denaturation (English: Denaturation) of the alcohol is a meaning to mix methanol with ethanol for prevention of drinking.

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This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Denaturation

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