Free democracy
 | References and the source which I can inspect are not shown at all, or this article is insufficient. You add the source, and please cooperate with the reliability improvement of the article. (April, 2012) |
The freely democratic or free democratic system (じゆうみんしゅしゅぎ, じゆうみんしゅせい British: liberal democracy) is one thought of the indirect democracy or system. In the Marx sense of history called the bourgeois democratic system (British: bourgeois democracy) [3] [4] [5].
In the principle democratic freely, the election is performed freely and justly, and the political process should be realized by competition. It is usually parliamentary democracy held by plural political parties varying in principles and a policy definitely, and the free democratic system is political pluralism.
The free democratic system has plural forms such as constitutional monarchy such as Federal Republic and U.K., Spain such as United States of America, India, Germany. Besides, I may include the forms such as presidential systems such as the United States of America, half presidential systems such as France which is the parliamentary cabinet system, the combination of U.K. or Commonwealth of Nations countries.
Table of contents
History
Origin
It is Europe of the 18th century when I was called with the enlightenment era in the origin of thought and the name democratic freely. The European national majority were monarchism, and a monarch or a noble held the political power in those days. It was thought that the democratic importance was low by a political idea from classical antiquity, and the democracy was believed widely inherently by the whim to change of the people when politics was unstable and was in confusion, and it was. Furthermore, I was opposed to the human true character with malignancy and violence characteristics inherently, and the democracy was believed even if the leader who was strong to control the destructive impulse that the people had was necessary. Much principate maintenance of Europe became the theory of the divine right of kings, and the question to the sovereignty was considered to be profanity.
These conservative viewpoints received a challenge first by the relatively small group of illuminism intellectuals. They believed that the human event should be controlled by reason and freedom and a principle of the equality. "All human beings were made equally", and it was one, and they insisted when therefore the political authority was not justified depending on "noble blood". This "noble blood" is other attributes to insist on when special relations with God or a person is superior to other people. The government existed more to serve the people, and they insisted not reverse when law should influence a person to rule over (rule of law).
People's revolution
Near the end of 18th century, these concepts influenced independence of the French Revolution and the United States of America and became the birth of the thought of the liberalism, and the political system that applied the principle of the philosophy of the Enlightenment to practice was founded. All of these political system were limited to the human being that the rights of the vote were still few as the greatest difference not "free democracy" to be invited to today exactly. The trial in France terminated in the short life, but it was a model democratic freely that these grew up later. Because a supporter of these political system was called "liberalist" (liberals, liberals), these political thought and systems came to be called "free democracy, free democratic system" (liberal democracy).
Spread
When the first model-like free democratic system was founded, the liberalism was considered to be radical thought by danger to threaten international peace and stability by going too far in saying. The conservative Royalist thought oneself to follow the natural order of traditional value and things against liberalism and democracy. When Napoleon Bonaparte held real power of young French first coKazumasa and I reorganized it in a French empire and continued conquering European most, the criticism to the democracy of the conservatives increased. When Napoleon was finally defeated, Holy Alliance was formed in Europe to prevent liberalism and a democratic further expanse. However, the thought democratic freely got wide to the general people widely immediately, and it was the defensive continuously, and traditional United Empire Loyalist became extinct during the 19th century.
The reform and the revolution promoted a shift to the free democracy in many European countries. The liberalism was born as radical thought, but became a political mainstream part. A large number of non-liberalism thought that adopted a concept democratic freely at the same time was developed, and traditional United Empire Loyalist came to be considered to be more radical thought, and the freedom democracy became mainstream more. At an end of the 19th century, as for the free democracy, it was already one of the concept to be comprised by a large number of different thought not simple "one thought of liberalism".
I come to occupy a dominant position in government theory, and, after after World War I particularly World War II, the free democracy is supported now from the majority of political positions.
Present
The free democracy came out of a claim of the illuminism-like liberalism, but democracy and opposition between the liberalism exist more at first. Individualism is strong, and the liberalism thought in the particularly classic liberalism system is going to limit the power for the national individual. Conversely, I am going to strengthen the power of the government and the group including the collectivism for economic equality in a democratic part. There is the viewpoint "to be the individualism that the free democracy is like liberalism and compromise between the democracy-like collectivism", and, from this situation, the proof may include the existence of viewpoints such as the autocracy of democracy and the liberalism of the non-liberalism. On the other hand, in the traditional liberalism and the democracy-like government, there is the situation to be existence essential mutually that produced a concept of the political equality as an undercurrent not a simple combination.
Freedom House of the investigation organization assumes a free democratic concise definition "democracy by the election that protected civil liberties" now.
party masterpieces
There are a lot of political parties of the party name called "the Liberal Democratic Party", but it is so, and there may not be necessarily it when I advocate "free democracy".
There are British Liberal Democratic Party or German Liberal Democratic Party (FDP) for the example of the political party advocating freer democracy at first.
This is because "the Liberal Party" and "the Japanese Democratic Party" merge the party name of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party and were formed a party. Therefore, wide conservatism including the neoliberalism coexists from reactionism, nationalism not only free democracy in the party.
The Russian Liberal Democratic Party receives Soviet Union collapse and professes myself to be recovery and the anti-Semitism of the territory of Russian Empire of Alaska and is usually called an extreme right political party.
Footnote
- ^ http://polisci.la.psu.edu/faculty/Casper/caspertufisPAweb.pdf
- ^ Bollen, K.A. (1992) Political Rights and Political Liberties in Nations: An Evaluation of Human Rights Measures, 1950 to 1984. In: Jabine, T.B. and Pierre Claude, R. "Human Rights and Statistics". University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0812231082
- ^ Britannica international large encyclopedia small item encyclopedia
- ^ encyclopedia マイペディア
- The ^ size dictionary third edition
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Free democracy
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기