Czech animation

In this item, I speak Czech and Czechoslovakian animation.

In the Eastern Europe zone where a doll animation is produced lively for a long time, Czech is known as the greatest production country [¹]. Czechs proud of an achievement to the world animation of the animated cartoon writer from Czech call itself "Czech animated cartoon film school" referring to Czech animated cartoon world [²].

Table of contents

Dawn of the Czech animated cartoon

"The kappa which is in love" which was produced in 1926 by his wife Hel Mina ティールロヴァー if the Karel doh of the advertisement painter is dull is done with the Czech's first animation work [²]. Georges Sadoul of the movie historiographer commented that an "adventure "unforgettable poster" of the globe-trotter" was some abstract pictures and raised notable result about the work of the doh dull married couple [³]. If a doh is dull, ティールロヴァー is detonated by contact by "new Gulliver" (English version) whom Russian Alexander プトゥシコ produced and starts the production of the doll animated cartoon [⁴]. I avoid doh dull は Nazis Germany in 1939 and take refuge abroad, but ティールロヴァー is left in Czech and continues producing it in a studio put in ズリーン of Moravia. In ティールロヴァー, the Czech first doll animated cartoon completes "フェルダ of the ant" in 1944 [²].

On the other hand, Germany which assumed Czechoslovakia a protected country in 1939 requisitioned movie company AFIT (Ateliér filmového triku) of Prague and tried the production of the opera animated cartoon opposed to Disney [²]. The German plan was over with being unfinished, but Czechs produced "a wedding ceremony of the Coral Sea" by oneself and completed a work by the end of the war [²]. Supervision, scriptwriter, designer who played an active part later in Czech animated cartoon world, a lot of animators participated in the production of "the wedding ceremony of the Coral Sea" [²].

Just after the end of the war of World War II, a national producing lot is set up in Prague in 1945. Jiri Trnka who played an active part in art and the illustration of the puppet play takes office as the person in charge of the producing lot and is said to be "the year of the Czech animated cartoon birth" in the true meaning in トルンカ, ティールロヴァー, 1945 when Karel Zeman started activity in earnest more [²]. The Zeman and others who chose the picture which put ティールロヴァー, an animated cartoon and the human being who produced an object animated cartoon using cloth, the woolen yarn together as an expression method played an active part in each style as the writer who represented Czech animated cartoon until the 1960s to write トルンカ in pursuit of the expression with the doll animated cartoon, a doll animated cartoon [²].

From 1940s to 1950s

The Czech animated cartoon producer of the end of 1940s was divided into the group of the トルンカ and others which resisted group and it which insisted on letting a work reflect an ideology [⁵]. After the socialism government was established in Czechoslovakia in February, 1948, every film industry including an animation is nationalized [⁶]. Material necessary for the filming of the movie was offered from the country, and free air existed in the spot of the creation in the early days [⁷]. However, the government comes to gradually interfere the production of the movie, and this tendency becomes remarkable in the times of the suppression by the Stalin doctrine of the 1950s, the Brezhnev times when strong standardization of the 1970s was pushed forward [⁷]. The government demanded the success by the international film festival to show off freedom of expression to be given in a socialism country, and it often occurred that I forced the obedience to rules on a producer [⁸]. Certain independency was in the post which I produced depending on the order from the foreign countries, and Rembrandt film company, Weston Wood Corporation became the main customer of Czech [⁷].

Because the production staff dispersed in various buildings, studios every team for the infancy of the animated movie, inconvenience occurred for the movement [⁷]. However, such an environment brought about the small group which I got of the control small and enabled that I created the high works of the demand standard in cheapness [⁷]. The studios which dispersed later were collected in the suburbs of Prague, and the most of the removed group of the unity disappeared small [⁷].

It wanted to be on at the Cannes Film Festival of 1946, and four cell animated cartoons which トルンカ such as "animals and a bandit" produced put success and conveyed the Czechoslovakian figure which a style of トルンカ was accepted by the movie world, and was freed from the Nazis at the same time in the world [⁹]. After トルンカ went away from the trick brothers studio dealing with a cell animated cartoon, Eduard Hoffman that was the central figure of the political left group in the studio becomes the director of the studio [¹⁰]. A variety of talented people appear in the field of the cell animated cartoon in the 1950s and are called the Renaissance of the Czech cell animated cartoon in this time [²]. "The Creation" that Hoffman produced in 1958 is evaluated with the best masterpiece of his work by the Czech first long piece cell animated cartoon of two copies of constitution [¹¹]. But the cell animated cartoon has high production costs, and it is thought that the production of the cell animated cartoon was not so prosperous for the Czech regionality which the tradition of the puppet play rooted in [¹²].

From 1960s to 1970s

Most of Czech animation supervisors who played an active part from 1940s through 1950s were not from the art field, but I enter in the 1960s, and a person from Beaux-Arts comes to be engaged in an animated cartoon policy [²]. I produce an animation and an animated cartoon by the paper-cutting, and イジー ブルデチカ in charge of a script in a studio of トルンカ comes to deal with the criticism later. "The history of the flight that ブルデチカ produced in 1958," a cut and the print of the copperplate engraving are used for direction in "the underwater human beings" who produced it in 1960. A flat doll was used by the doll animated cartoon for adults after トルンカ, but ヤロスラフ ボチェック expressed the movement of the minute doll in "the we doe of エフェサス" and brought the Czech fame of the doll animated cartoon to life [¹³].

An opinion to close the animated cartoon studio which lost him posthumously of トルンカ is finished from the government. Camille Pixar of the scriptwriter establishes an animated cartoon studio under such situation in Ostrava and develops the purchase of the ズリーン movie studio, energetic activity such as the production of the joint produce work with the TV station of West Germany [¹⁴]. Pixar held screening party of the short film every year, and the animation section of those became independent later, and it was the anima film which was a film festival of chess Kay ブジェヨヴィツェ. An agreement was concluded between クラートキー film and Prague College of Arts where Pixar acted as a director in 1975, and the クラートキー film became the place of the graduation production of the student [¹⁴].

After Prague Spring of 1968, the government found ideology-like rules and anticapitalism, anti-imperialism including the appropriate militancy in a picture work and was opposed to supervision and an artist [¹⁵]. The production of "the Fanta stick planet" where production was started in 1968 in a studio of トルンカ was shown in France which was a mother country of Rene Laloux of the supervision in 1973 for a long term. The domestic national consciousness became exalted by Czechoslovakia invasion by the Soviet Union of August, 1968, and withdrawal of Larue that was the only foreign staff engaged in a work happened [¹⁶]. I continued supervising Larue, but when the contents of the work remind of suppression by the Soviet Union, I am pressurized by the government and Larue goes back to France and completes a work [¹⁶].

From the mid-1960s through the 1970s, "a story of Meister アヌシュ" of Camille Pixar which expressed the legend concerning the clock by a wood carving "a the strike roll" of Jan the rad Nic using the colored clay "stone and life" of ガリク Seko who made a character with a stone was produced. As for the Czech animated cartoon after the 1960s, the work which had high artistry by the artist became mainstream, but when I saw it as a movie of the one, most of those works lacked in the fun as the animated cartoon with the difficulty for a story and constitution, and it was evaluated only by some lovers [²]. An animated cartoon for children whom ブジェチスラフ ポヤル produced in such situation showed one conclusion to the "garden" where "let's play with us!" in pleasure, fun of the movement

The novel object animated cartoon based on surrealism of Jan Svankmajer who made the debut with "the last trick of Mr. シュヴァルツェヴァルト and Mr. Edo gal" in 1964 gave a strong shock, and many acolytes and imitation products appeared [²]. I may receive criticism, but the point that opened possibility of the expression of the real thing animation is appreciated by a fan and the writer of the doll animation that an original strange gender and fantasy characteristics, the style of Schwann Kumai Elle which sometimes handles a doll destructively are traditional [¹⁷]. However, there are few opportunities when a general human being watches a work of the Schwann Kumai L in Czech, and, as for his evaluation in Czech increasing, it is after democratization by the Velvet Revolution of 1989 [²].

In the 1980s, イジー Walter who used the doll of the design which was not affected by トルンカ attracted attention [²]. At time from the 1970s through the 1980s, the leading figure of the Cenozoic cell animated cartoon appears from the producer who gained success by a doll animated cartoon in a studio of トルンカ [¹⁸]. The technique called the total animation which a background changed into with the person who continued always moving to remind "the siesta" that イゴル chef teak produced in 1977 of an immediate early animation freely was used and showed new possibility for a cell animated cartoon [¹⁸].

I it after Velvet Revolution

The correction of this knob is expected.

In the Czech animated cartoon world privatized after democratization (Velvet Revolution) of 1989, I lack the fund which only produces a strong work of the conventional artistry [²]. It becomes the cause that intelligence, artistry, respect for movie language, the Czech animated cartoon original element such as the humanism obstruct commercial success, and, as for the high work of the artistry, there is not an opportunity of the announcement except a film festival [²]. The screening opportunity when the Czech animated cartoon after 1989 is slightly brought about by very few writers who received support of work produced by a foreign subcontractor, the reproduction of the popular TV animation, culture province, Czech TV comes to point to the work of art which there is little [²].

Footnote

1. ^ Tsuken "introduction to animation studies," it is page 223
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} Yukishige "various world "56 chapters second edition to know Czech and Slovakia" that a picture and a doll weave", 286-291 pages
3. ^ Endo "great masters of the Czech animated cartoon," it is page 16
4. ^ Tomono, Mochizuki "world animation film history," it is 179-180 pages
5. The ^ ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation," it is page 18
6. ^ Endo "great masters of the Czech animated cartoon," it is page 18
7. 20 pages of ^ ^{a b c d e f} Endo "great masters of the Czech animated cartoon"
8. ^ Endo "great masters of the Czech animated cartoon," it is page 47
9. The ^ ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation," it is 9-10 pages
10. The ^ ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation," it is page 31
11. The ^ ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation," it is page 32
12. ^ Tsuken "introduction to animation studies," it is page 68
13. ^ Tomono, Mochizuki "world animation film history," it is 201-202 pages
14. The ^ ^{a b} ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation," it is page 22
15. ^ Endo "great masters of the Czech animated cartoon," it is 46-47 pages
16. ^ ^{a b} キャヴァリア "world animation history encyclopedia," it is page 222
17. ^ Tsuken "introduction to animation studies," it is page 226
18. The ^ ^{a b} ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation," it is page 39

References

• Jun Endo student edition "great masters of the Czech animated cartoon" (エスクァイアマガジンジャパン, March, 2003)
• Tsuken Nobuyuki "introduction to animation studies" (Heibonsha Publishers Ltd. new book, Heibonsha Publishers Ltd., September, 2005)
• Takashi Tomono, Nobuo Mochizuki "world animation film history" (Takuya Mori supervision, Takashi Namiki edition, ぱるぷ, June, 1986)
• The second edition Yukishige Zenji "various world "56 chapters collecting (Hideto Satsuma compilation, area study, Akashi Bookstore, January, 2009) to know Czech and Slovakia" that a picture and a doll weave"
• Steven キャヴァリア "world animation history encyclopedia" (to Yumiko Nakata, Junko Yamakawa reason, Yuma bookshop, September, 2012)
• S.The ウルヴェル "world of the Czech animation" (Wakagi Akatsuka edition reason, humanities study, July, 2013)

Allied item

• Czech movie

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