ヤムハド
The アムル King of Men country where ヤムハド (Yamhad, Jamhad, Yamkhad) was in ancient Syria. The center boiled a town (current ハラブ, alias Aleppo) of ハルペ (ハラプ, Halper). Of the person from アムル, besides, a Hurrian lives, and influence of the fully re-culture is seen. The ヤムハド kingdom took it at the about the latter half of 17th century B.C. from the about 19th century middle of Bronze Age, B.C. and prospered and competed with south kingdom カトナ. ヤムハド is finally destroyed in the 16th century B.C. by a Hittite.
There was the center of ヤムハド as a sphere of influence in the neighboring wide ranges in ハルペ (today's Aleppo). I did not understand the exact range, but the southeastern part of Turkey was a domain mainly from the current northern part of Syria. ヤムハド which occupied the north of the Syrian Desert, the northern whole area of "the fertile crescent moon zone" takes possession of paths of trade to bind the Mediterranean Sea together from Mesopotamia other than rich farm belt, and last for and a half in the first century, and dominate north Syria, north Mesopotamia; is rich, and is strong; national. Luxuries of wood, Aegean Sea and Mesopotamia cut and brought down from copper of the Cypriot island, Central Asian tin, Anatolia and the Lebanese mountain in ハルペ were brought and relayed such supplies and exported cereals or the textiles from the neighboring farm villages to each place.
Similar devil of cold テシュブ (Teshub) which the Hurrian believed in was worshiped other than chief god, devil of cold ハダド () (Hadad, Akkadian: アダド ) of ヤムハド where the person from アムル believed in a lot of Hurrians in ヤムハド. As for God whom a person from Aleppo believed in, ヌジ in the east of Mesopotamia reaches ウガリット on the Mediterranean Sea side, north Asia Minor; the god of the wind believed in made it aboriginality as far as was wide.
Prosperity of ヤムハド
It was a center of the god of the wind faith to spread through the Middle East, and prepared ハルペ of the favorable conditions called the center of the trade surfaced to metropolis for Ebla of this area after it was in the latter half, and old trade city state Ebla was destroyed for a period in B.C. 3000 by King Naram-Sin of アッカド.
貢納関係 with King sum エプフ of ヤムハド is recorded in a Malian document in the times of the King ヤフドゥン rim of great power Mali of the 19th century in northwestern Mesopotamia B.C. The successor shop rim rim first of sum = エプフ made an alliance with the シャムシ アダド first of Assyria with a イシ アッドゥ king of カトナ. The シャムシ アダド first conquered Mali, but the son gym re-rim of the King Mari ヤフドゥン rim flew to the shop rim rim first of ヤムハド. The diunreasonableness rim had marital status with the whole families of the ヤリム rim first and recaptured Mali after the シャムシ アダド first death with support of ヤムハド from ヤスマフ アダド.
The clay board document which it wrote down the diplomatic relations of the diunreasonableness rim era about B.C. 1770 excavated it in large quantities from Mali, but it is indicated from this document that ヤムハド was a large country of Babylon, ラルサ, エシュヌンナ or カトナ and the orient to line up. The ヤリム rim first and the son Hammurabi first (with Hammurabi of the King of Babylon another person) made an alliance with Hammurabi who succeeded to the throne to King of the Babylon, and advocated ascendancy in Mesopotamia with Mali. After Mali died out, I enlarged a sphere of influence and maintained the position of the large country of the orient. Son アッバエル of the ヤムハド king Hammurabi first gave the shop rim rim second of brothers north city ARA lava, but I encountered a revolt in about B.C. 1750, and ハルペ was destroyed.
There are few ハルペ and records about the ヤムハド kingdom rebuilt during (about B.C. 1650) until in the 17th century B.C. from the mid-18th century B.C. The dynasty of the descendant of the ヤリム rim second who parted from royal families of ヤムハド to north ARA lava was got, but ヤムハド is mentioned in a document excavated from here. The ヤムハド kingdom was accompanied by an ARA lava kingdom at this time. There were few events to shake a position of ヤムハド, but has the fight with a national crowd of Hurrians rising suddenly to the east.
Fall by the Hittite
In the Hittite kingdom which was to the north, the ハットゥシリ first succeeded to the throne in the late 17th century B.C. and started an expedition to the south. He let the city majority who was under the influence of ヤムハド fall and destroyed dependency ARA lava of ヤムハド. Turned to the military again to north Syria, and, several years later, the ハットゥシリ first struck ヤムハド again and let this fall the fight with reinforcements of ヤムハド in a town of ハッシュワ (Hašuwa / Hašum). Images of a deity such as ハダド which was God of a person from アムル and the Hurrian were carried away as war trophies in the process of such a fight by a Hittite, but these images of a deity and faith open in the Hittites and will fuse with the aboriginality religion of the Hittite.
The Murr buttocks first who succeeded the ハットゥシリ first continued an effort to the ヤムハド conquest that ハットゥシリ was not able to accomplish. The name of ヤムハド comes up for documents until this time, but is not clear when the end of ヤムハド came. ハルペ destruction by the Murr buttocks first is written down in the times of the Murr buttocks second (the reign: in about B.C. 1322 in - about B.C. 1295) who became the King of the Hittite these 200 years later, but there is the question in the accuracy, too.
About this later ヤムハド, it is mentioned a monument (possessed now in the British Museum) of King イドリミ of the ARA lava rebuilt after the first century of the destruction by the Hittite. After イドリミ which was a prince of ハルペ fleeing into エマル according to this at time of the early 15th century B.C. from the end of 16th century B.C., and having roamed about Cannan, it is a subject of the King balata luna (about B.C. 1470 - about B.C. 1450) of ミタンニ, and it is said that I am supported and built own dynasty to the ARA lava.
There are few records by ヤムハド oneself, and the remains of the ヤムハド king nation's capital are not found, too. It is thought that probably the storage of document and the royal palace of the ヤムハド kingdom are still buried among underground somewhere in Aleppo city if there is it.
Successive King of ヤムハド
- Sum = エプフ Sumu-epukh? -About B.C. 1781
- ヤリム = rim Yarim-Lim, from B.C. 1780 to B.C. 1765
- Is it - in Hammurabi first Hammurabi, B.C. 1765?
- アッバエル (アッバ イリ, アバン) Abba `el / Abba-ili / Abbân
- ヤリム = rim second Yarim-Lim II
- ニクメパ Niqmepa
- イルカブトゥム Irkabtum
- ヤリム = rim third Yarim-Lim III
- Hammurabi second Hammurabi II? - B.C. 1595
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ヤムハド
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