World Trade Organization participation of the People's Republic of China
By the World Trade Organization participation (ちゅうかじんみんきょうわこくのせかいぼうえききかんかめい) of the People's Republic of China, I comment on the history of the negotiations in the People's Republic of China having joined World Trade Organization (WTO) and the significance.
Table of contents
General statement
The World Trade Organization participation of the People's Republic of China (China) was approved with one accord in open WTO fourth Cabinet meeting in Middle East, Doha, Qatar on November 10 from November 9, 2001 to 13th [1]. Because China deposited an acceptance book on November 11, the following day, by a rule of the participation Protocol, a participation qualification took effect formally on December 11, 2001 30 days later, and China became the 143rd member nation [1]. The (the Republic of China) participation in Taiwan is approved at the same time on November 11, too, and a participation qualification takes effect on January 1, 2002 [1]. A common base called WTO will be in this way set in international economic relations of the East Asia [1].
History of negotiations
The Chinese WTO member negotiations extremely had specialty [2]. Because the Republic of China was an original contracting party of old G.A.T.T. (GATT), but this is because China has been put outside the frame of GATT system for a long time by having given notice of withdrawal from GATT in 1950 after the government of the country moved to Taiwan [2]. However, in July, 1986, the Chinese (the People's Republic of China) government applied for "the recovery of the position as the GATT contracting party" [2]. The reason why I did not apply for a procedure of the new participation is that the Chinese government took the situation that the withdrawal notice of 1950 by Kuomintang government is invalid. Negotiations to determine a condition to recognize the position as the GATT contracting party were started based on this by China [2]. Because old GATT was the flexible organization which assumed pragmatism (the principle of business) a creed, I established the procedure like the case to join GATT regardless of the name of negotiations newly substantially namely the taskforce (Working Party) and did it when I examined the Chinese participation condition there, and participation negotiations of China for 15 years began afterward [2]. Because the negotiations of the new round (Uruguay Round) were going to be started as for doing it an occasion, and participation application was accepted by not only the existing GATT contracting party but also the negotiations start as for the participation in new round qualification, and it was decided to be thrown open by the country where a taskforce was installed in, a timing of the Chinese GATT participation application was important, too [2]. The GATT participation negotiations of China were seen whether there was the support of America at first, and they advanced smoothly, but the situation changed completely by the Tiananmen Square incident in June, 1989, and the negotiations were wrecked on a reef [2]. Because the original member nation of WTO knew a new thing when にかけてであり [2], China lost this opportunity as for the reactivation of negotiations having been planned in 1994 from the end of 1993 when negotiations terminated substantially of the Uruguay Round, I showed large concession and tried the breakthrough of the situation, but did not realize the GATT participation by passing the time limit after all [2].
The influence that WTO participation gave in China
Economy, finance side
The Chinese foreign economic relations of 2002 when it was the WTO first year showed the result that showed "WTO participation effect" sufficiently [3]. The import and export results from January of the year to December of China exceeded 600 billion dollars for the first time, and it was 620,800 million dollars of the 22% increase compared with the previous year [3]. Of these, the export was 325,500 million dollars of the 22% increase compared with the previous year more than 300 billion dollars for the first time [3]. Two columns of high growth rate was wonderful while trade failed to rise worldwide [3]. The WTO participation let foreign opening of the money market of China accelerate [4]. At the point in time when State Affairs Administration announced "the foreign capital financial institution management regulations" in 1994, the foreign-affiliated financial institution was recognized only as five special economic zones and 30 cities, and duties were only foreign currency duties, and the customer object was limited to a foreign company and a foreigner, too [4]. The foreign-affiliated bank where yuan duties (deposit, loan, each duty of the settlement) could play it at the end of 2001 became eight lines in 23 lines, 深 圳 in Shanghai [5]. The Chinese government threw the local limit of yuan duties open as part of WTO participation progressively and proposed the policy that I abolished after participation in five years [5]. I left it open about the customer limit of yuan duties in the Chinese company within two years after participation and proposed the policy that I left open to a Chinese individual after participation in five years [5].
Legal system side
With not only the economic aspect but also the political aspect, the security of democracy and the human rights appropriate for the modern constitutional state was demanded on realizing GATT participation [6]. Therefore a legislation to strengthen the legal security for the problems such as democracy or human rights advanced [6]. The result bore fruit for administration-affiliated law revision such as the Prison Act, judicial officer method, prosecutor method, Attorneys-at-Law Act, Criminal Procedure Code, law revision such as the criminal laws about judiciary and administration punishment method, the administrative inspection method, the villager committee Organization Acts [6]. At the point in time when a reform and opening up policy was started, China aimed at the national economy reform in the socialist economy system and the foreign economic opening [7]. In other words, I assumed a public ownership basics by the national economy, and a big gap existed between the foreign capital to move by national economy and a market mechanism to take the plan command economy system [7]. It is a series of legal systems in the field of direct investment to have been established and, assuming the existence of such a difference, is called public relations law of economy in order to introduce foreign capital into China. In other words, it is said that they are targeted for regulation in economic relations, and they are applied to the other in the presence of the foreign country side the China side in one of the person concerned, and, in the regulation range, a private international law, international trading law, maritime law are extensive [7]. Various laws with a principle of the inside and outside equality came to be established in response to the situation that reorganization of the economy by global standards was carried out rapidly by participation to WTO [7]. The public relations law of economy-related law of China needed to be equal to a principle in conjunction with the direct overseas investing of WTO, too [7].
The influence that WTO participation of China gave in the global community
The economy of a country, the area of the East Asia is a China's economy, a market and a thing linking to [3], and Japan receives the naturally benefit including Japan without remaining in China becoming the member of the common system of international economic relations as for the WTO participation of China, and a China's economy linking to the international market [8]. The growth rate of export from Japan to China compared with the previous year recorded 29.0% in 28.2%, 2003 43.6% and 2004 in 2002. It is in 2007 that China which assumed Hong Kong distinction became the Japanese greatest trade partner [8]. I doubt that there was economical rise of China as one cause that economy in Japan looked up, and there is not it in those days [8].
Source
References
- It is 蒼蒼社 the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry supervision, Ichiro Araki, Tadao Nishi "complete translation China WTO participation document" (2003)
- A written by Hikota Koguchi, Nobuyuki Tanaka "federal law (the second edition) during the present age" (2012) a document temple (Chapter 1 "characteristic writing charge of the federal law structural with the formation", Nobuyuki Tanaka)
- It is Nihon Keizai Shimbun publishing company 張秋華著, Yasuo Ota supervision "financial system monetary policy, capital market of China, finance sector" (2012)
- A Kojiro Nishimura edition "federal law lecture (the third edition) during the present age" (2010) law culture company (Chapter 7 "foreign law of economy" (writing charge, Mitsuhiro Mimura)
- Written by Akio Takahara, Hiroko Maeda "the times 1972-2014 of series China modern history 5 development principles" (2014) Iwanami new book (Chapter 4 "central leadership 2002-2012 writing charge without the core", Akio Takahara)
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