クルヤ
| クルヤ Albanian: Krujë/Kruja | |
|---|---|
| — The basic local government, city — | |
 | |
  クルヤ | |
| A coordinate: 41°31'N 19°48'E / 41.517 degrees N 19.800 degrees E | |
| Country |  Albania |
| State | State of Durres |
| Prefecture | クルヤ prefecture |
| Administration | |
| - The mayor | Shkëlzen Hoxha (DS) |
| Area | |
| - 計 | 40km2 (15.4mi2) |
| Altitude | 600m (2,000ft) |
| Population (2007) | |
| - 計 | 15,829 people |
| Equal time obi | CET (UTC +1) |
| - Daylight saving time | CEST (UTC +2) |
| Zip code | 1501 |
| Area code | (+355) 0511 |
| Number plate | KR |
クルヤ (Albanian: Krujë) is located in Albanian North Chuubu in a city of Albania and the basic local government and is クルヤ prefecture and the administrative center of the basics local government. The population is located in 15,900 people between Mt. クルヤ and イーシュム river, and 20km is far from capital Tirana of Albania. Tribe Albany family (Albani) of the Illyrian lived, and クルヤ was a capital of the Aruba non dukedom () which was the country which got the first self-government in Albania in the Middle Ages once in cage, 1190. It becomes the capital of the Albanian kingdom () later, and I was invaded early in the 15th century by Ottoman Empire, but succeed in preventing a siege of Ottoman of three times until I die by スカンデルベグ which is the leader of レージョ alliance () in 1468 in 1443. It was merged in 1478 by a siege of the fourth Ottoman. (en) where a local revolt for Ottoman was in 1,906 years, and independence of Albania was declared in 1912. In クルヤ, it was once in central Albany republic () and the battlefield between the Albanian dukedom established by short-lived エッサード pasha トプタニ () at the mid-1910s. トプタニ influenced a town in 1914, but it was merged with the dukedom again in the same year by プレンク bibb ドーダ (). During World War II, leader abba the クーピ () of anti-reform forces plays an active part. There are the スカンデルベグ Museum () among クルヤ castles () and a national racial museum in クルヤ.
Table of contents
Etymology
The place name of クルヤ means a spring and a fountain in conjunction with kroi of Albanian. I am known for the name of the town of Krujë or Kruja by Albanian. It did not finish being black eye Kroai in the document of the early seventh century of the Byzantine and was known for the Latin of the Middle Ages in クロイア Croia and black shop Croya, クロアルム Croarum. I am known for Turkish in Aki ヒサール Ak Hisar and アクチャヒサール Akçahisar in the Ottoman times, and, in ak, hisar means a castle with white. [1]
Geography
クルヤ is located in the クルヤ gorge of the point of 600m above see level (1,969 ft) of the Mt. クルヤ (Mali i Krujës) foot, and there are the southern part and the western part of the town on the flat land of the イーシェム river. The town is located in the north side of the Aruba Ney's earth crust tectonic belt outside and constitutes the anticline of the carbonate floor. The villages such as バルカネシュ (Barkanesh), blurring (Brre), ピツェラーグ (Picerragë) are included in the local government at the center of the クルヤ local government, too. The city of the neighborhood is located at the point where Tirana left 20km, Durres 37km.
History
Ancient
Albany that is a tribe of the Illyrian lives in the area around ancient クルヤ, and village ズグルデーシュ (Zgërdhesh) of some Illyrian group Albany of the Iron Age is located near. [2][3] this place identifies some scholars with アルバノポリス () at a main village of Albany, and, in アルバノポリス, there is the thing to identify with クルヤ itself elsewhere. [3][4], at the time of Illyria war, クルヤ was captured by republican form of government Rome.
Middle Ages
The remains such as clothes or the weapon are found in the burial ground of 5-6 centuries of the early medieval period in クルヤ, and they show the burial ground of the rich person with high social position. The クルヤ castle of the material was a middle scale, but opened like the center of the town of other クルヤ over the sixth to the ninth century. In 1190, in クルヤ, it was in the capital of the Aruba non dukedom () which Prince professional Gon of the professional Gons who was the first independent country () () founded in Albania of the Middle Ages. [5] In the times of ゴレム (), the dukedom disappeared and was merged with the Albanian kingdom (). It became the domain of the Byzantine over the thirteenth to the 14th century, and a Serbian empire came to rule over the city later. The Albanian kingdom became extinct over 1363 through 1368, and curl Topia () captured Durres that was Albania King nation's capital, and a territory was merged, and was included in クルヤ in that, and it was in a dukedom of Topia in 1363. The person of Topia lost power to gradually influence a town, and, after (en) [6] 1389, it was the follower of the vassal of Ottoman in 1395. Ottoman loses the control in クルヤ early in the 15th century and ニケタ Topia () captures it and regains power in 1415. [7] There remains it in a local blotter in 1431 afterwards when I am captured again in Ottoman and am merged with Albania sanjak (), and クルヤ was comprised in a jurisdiction with a position of Subaşilik. [7]
For 1437-1438 years, スカンデルベグ was a ruler in this area. It was ヒジィル bay, but, before it, the ヒジィル bay was appointed for 1,438 years until I took place of スバシ (subaşi, ruler) of クルヤ again in 1440. [8]スカンデルベグ gets the control of クルヤ by the false letter to a sultan on November 28, 1443. [7] In 1444, スカンデルベグ merged クルヤ with a recreation alliance () that was the alliance of the Albanian dukedom (). クルヤ succeeded in defense of クルヤ from an attack of Ottoman by an Albanian army over 1450 through 1477, but fell by the fourth siege (en) of 1478. I break 100,000 soldiers leading the ムラト second by the soldier of the recreation alliance from 1,500 to 2,000 under noble ヴラーナ Conti () of the Naples kingdom in first クルヤ siege (en) of 1450. Ottoman tried the purchase to abandon the fort of the town to Conti. I am surrounded first in 1466 by (en), and, for next ten years, クルヤ was surrounded successively in 1467 by (en), but the armed forces of 150,000 by バッバラン pasha () and Mohammed II in total are all over for failure. After death of スカンデルベグ, the armed forces of the Venice republic were added to the garrison of the town in 1468. クルヤ was surrounded again in 1476 by the armed forces under the ゲディック Ahmed pasha () more than 100,000, but the condottiere (proveditor (en)) Pietro ヴェットゥリ guard to lead defended by a siege of Ottoman, and Francesco コンタリニ (Francesco Contarini), reinforcements under ニコレル ドゥカジニ (NikollëDukagjini) arrived afterwards. The town of クルヤ declined in a hand of Ottoman after the siege that was over age in 1478. [9] The success in クルヤ became the good harbinger of the later シュコドラ siege (). [10]
近現代
クルヤ became the ring of various anti-Ottoman power by rise () of the nationalism under the Ottoman Empire rule, and they were related to the new pushed tax. The people of クルヤ caused a revolt in Ottoman Empire once again in 1906. [11] The governor Wāli (en) サリ ゼキ pasha of シュコドラ sent four battalions of the Ottoman military to the garrison town to be opposed to insurgents of クルヤ. The diplomat of Ottoman talked about the administrative position of the town in thallaIbe (Tallajbe) district of クルヤ, but the armed forces of Ottoman under シェミシパシャ performed the ambuscade of the leader of anti-reform forces with a クルヤ instructor on September 20, 1906. [12] The fight in thallaIbe became the place known as the history later, and the citizen who had nothing to do in 30 dead people was included. [11][12] captured a town, and the military of エッサード トプタニ () and Ottoman that were an officer of Ottoman merged it with the leading center Republic of Albania () of the movement of トプタニ in the celebrities of the person of トプタニ in 1914, but was integrated with the Albania dukedom again in June in the same year by プレンク bibb ドーダ (). [11][13] トプタニ () and the メフメット ジナーリ anti-エッサード group to lead formed association of クルヤ in local abD on December 20, 1914, and enlarged the power in center Albania. [14]
It became the protected country of the Italian kingdom by invasion in Italy in Albania. I organized 300 military polices that ムスタファ Rika Mel クルヤ () became the prime minister of the new government in local people of クルヤ and protected a town from the group of dissidents. However, permanent anti-reform forces in first クルヤ were made immediately by a person from leader ABBA's クピ () of the dissident and other クルヤ and came to gradually rule over the area. [15] In 1943, Le Front National (en) was organized, and Albanian racial liberation movement () (LNÇ) was planned, and the pro-dissident government was made, and, in クルヤ, it was in the capital, but this plan was avoided by a leader of LNÇ. [16]The German stationary forces were beaten by November, 1944, and the armed forces of LNÇ were in the town in クルヤ.
Culture
Religion
The church which conformed to Alexander was built in the place used for a ceremony of paganism (en) in ancient クルヤ near the Mt. クルヤ by a Christian expanse. It is mentioned David of クルヤ which is one of the bishops in the late ninth century, and this person participates in the fourth Crusade. A bishopric of the Greek Orthodox Church of the Byzantine of the Durres archbishop seat was put early in the tenth century. A bishop seat of the Catholic Church is established in 1167 by クルヤ, and the bishop is appointed by the Alexander third. [17]The Byzantine sends the Catholic bishop in 1284, and Stephane ウロシュ second ミルティン captures a town afterwards, and he also sends the Andreas Kuroe snails of the Catholic bishop. [18]According to the document of イリクム サクルム of historian Daniel F Lahti (), there were 14 Catholic bishops in the town for 1286-1694 years. Four bishops are added in the document of historian Conrad オイベル (). ベクタシズム was introduced in the クルヤ area early in the 18th century. [19] At the time of Ottoman rule, テッケ (bethel) was built near St. Alexander church by the サリ monkey Thich () of the earnest ベクタシュ religious community. ドルマテッケ was built near the castle for 1788-89 years by a dolmades family (Dollma). Other テッケ was established by shaikh Mimi (Sheikh Mimi) whom クルヤ sent an ant pasha in 1807. However, shaikh Mimi was executed by Kaplan pasha and was restored by Baba Husayn Baba Husayn at the mid-19th century. [20]
Museum
スカンデルベグ Museum () and a national museum are included in a museum of クルヤ. The スカンデルベグ Museum is established in 1982 and is in the place among クルヤ castles. The article of the times when Ottoman surrounded a castle in Albania of the 15th century and war of Ottoman four times is included in a store product. [21] It is 1989 that a national racial museum was established by クルヤ and is located in the villa of 15-6 that トプタニ family built in 1764. The main exhibit is a traditional industrial art object, and these date back to 500 years ago from 60. [21]
Sports
The main F.C. of クルヤ was established in KS Kastrioti in 1926 and was a team name of short-term Puna Krujë of 1951. The seating capacity of カストリオティスタジアム which is the home stadium of the club is 8,500.
Footnote
- ^ Elsie p.294
- ^ Harding p.429
- ^ a b Stipcevic p.99
- ^ Myers p.188
- ^ Norris p.35
- ^ Lala p.
- ^ a b c Norris p.141
- ^ İnalcık, Halil (1995), From empire to republic: essays on Ottoman and Turkish social history, Istanbul: Isis Press, p. 76, ISBN 978-975-428-080-7, OCLC 34985150r, "D'après le registre de l'an 1432,àKruje on fait les subasi en ordre chronologique, les titulaires suivants: en 1432 Hizir Bey, en novembre 1438 encore Hizir Bey, en avril 1440 Umur Bey. Vers 1438 Iskender Bey, fils de Jean, avec le kadi de Kruje ont delivre des certificats (biti, mektub) sur des transfers de timar, operation qui indique que Iskander Bey (Scanderbeg le Kastriote) avait ete nomme subasi de Akcahisar (Kruje), avant que ne soit nomme a ce poste pour la deuxième fois Hizir Bey."
- ^ Jaques p.549
- ^ Barleti, Marin. Rrethimi i Shkodrës. Tiranë: Instituti i Historisë, 1967, pp. 48–49
- ^ a b c Gibb p.285
- ^ a b History of the Albanian People p.450-70
- ^ Pearson vol.1 p.71
- ^ Pearson vol.1 p.84
- ^ Fischer p.111
- ^ Fischer p.150
- ^ Lala p.157
- ^ Lala p.108
- ^ Birge p.71
- ^ Norris p.131
- ^ a b N.A.T
Documents
- Birge, John (1994). Encyclopedia of world art. Luzac Oriental. ISBN 1-898942-00-J February 26, 2011 reading. .
- Elsie, Robert (2004). Historical dictionary of Albania. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4872-J January 16, 2011 reading. .
- Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). Albania at war, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. It is reading ISBN 978-1 - 55,753-141-4 on J January 31, 2011. .
- Frashëri, Kristo (2002) (Albanian), Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra, 1405–1468, Tiranë: Botimet Toena, ISBN 99927-1-627-
- Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1970). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill ArchivJ January 26, 2011 reading. .
- Hardin, A. F. (2000). European societies in the bronze age. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36729-C February 26, 2011 reading. .
- Historia e Popullit Shqiptar. Academy of Sciences of Albania. (2002). ISBN 99927-2-960-0.
- Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of battles and sieges: a guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-C January 18, 2011 reading. .
- Lala, Etleva; Gerhard Jaritz (2008). "Regnum Albaniae and the Papal Curia". Central European University. p. 32. February 26, 2011 reading.
- Myers, Samuel (1959). Encyclopedia of world art. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-521-36729-J February 26, 2011 reading. .
- "National Agency of Tourism of Albania". January 18, 2011 reading.
- Norris, H. T. (1993). Islam in the Balkans: Religion and society between Europe and the Arab world. University of South Carolina Press. It is reading ISBN 978-0 - 87,249-977-5 on C January 17, 2011. .
- Pearson, Owen (2 February 2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume I: Albania and King Zog, 1908–39. I.B.Tauris. It is reading ISBN 978-1 - 84,511-013-0 on C January 26, 2011. .
- Spieser, J. M.; Cutler, Anthony; Papaconstantinou, Arietta (2007). The material and the ideal: essays in medieval art and archaeology in honour of Jean-Michel Spieser. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-16286-C January 31, 2011 reading. .
- Stipcevic, Aleksandas (1977). February 2011 The Illyrians: History and Culture. Noyes Press. ISBN 0-8155-5052-.
- "History of health services in the district of Krujë" (Albanian). Directorate of the Stefan Gjoni Hospital of Krujë. May 7, 2011 reading.
References of the English version which is an origin of translation included these documents and do not refer on the occasion of Japanese edition making directly.
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