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Fight of the first Fischer fort

Fight of the first Fischer fort

Fight of the first Fischer fort
First Battle of Fort Fisher
Under the Civil War
Fort Fisher Gun.jpg
Cannon of the Confederate Army injured in Fischer fort
Time From 23 to 27 on December in 1864
Place North Carolina ニューハノバー county
Result Victory of the Confederate Army
The power that collided
Flag of the United States of America The Federal army Flag of American allied powers The Confederate Army
Commander
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Dickson porter
 Robert hawk
Military unit
James forces expedition army corps
North Atlantic Ocean blockade fleet
 Hawk division
Fischer fort garrison
Toll
320 [1]

Fight (だいいちじ Fischer とりでのたたかい British: First Battle of Fort Fisher) of the first Fischer fort is the first attack that the army and the navy of the Federal army jointly performed for suburbs of North Carolina Wilmington Fischer fort near the end of the war of the Civil War. The Fischer fort might be said to be "southern Gibraltar", and it was the main shore base of the Confederate Army last, and there was vast strategic value through the Civil War. Major General Benjamin Franklin Butler of the James military commander led the army of the Federal army and followed from December 23, 1864 to 27th.

The navy of the Federal army was going to blow up the ship which was fully loaded with gunpowder at first to break the wall of the fort, but failed. I weakened the force of the fort successively and performed 2-day bombardment from a warship to force it to surrender. Because the army surrounded a fort on the second day, I began the landing of the military unit. However, I declared it while Butler received the news that the reinforcements of the enemy accessed, and climatic condition turned worse when a fort was impregnable and canceled a strategy. Butler was dismissed two weeks later, and Major General Alfred Terry became a successor.

Table of contents

Background

After the James forces being Bermuda shorts hundred area strategies, and having failed with Major General Butler, I was given an expedition duty of the land and water collaboration for the Fischer fort. Originally I addressed Major General god-free Y Zell who was one of the subordinates of Butler to the commander of the expedition, but I required that Butler as the district under jurisdiction of Virginia and North Carolina forces commander commanded the by oneself expedition, and, as for the Lieutenant General Ulysses Grant, Grant accepted it silently [2]. I chose it, and two battalions of heavy artillery and the military engineer were added to the military unit to use for an expedition more the second division of the 24th army corps, the third division of the 25th army corps by the James forces. Cyrus B com stock colonel went together from a staff officer of Grant and acted as a military engineer chief engineer. It was a maximum fleet in this war, and the navy visitor whom the David Dickson porter rear admiral led added it to a little less than 60 battleships and was accompanied by the transportation warship which carried a soldier [3].

Butler made the strategy to take USS Louisiana with it. I filled this warship with gunpowder of 200 tons and moved it under Fischer fort posing as a blockade buster and let you run aground at a position of approximately 100 yards (90m) from the wall on the sea side of the fort and was a strategy to let you blow up. I expected it when I could disturb the fort by the explosion. Most of officials of the Federal army (Grant or the Gideon Welles Secretary of the Navy) doubted whether the strategy functioned, but President Abraham Lincoln approved it [4]. The last plan of the strategy of the Federal army lets vessels gather in Hampton Rose, and army soldier will get on a transportation warship there. Because the monitor warship (ironside) used for an attack had to tow it to Fischer fort, the navy vessels will depart than a transportation warship early for 12 hours. The warship would fuel it in Beaufort and met with a transportation warship in Fischer fort, and land forces went ashore under protection of the bombardment from a warship after I blew up Louisiana afterwards [5].

The Fischer fort of the Confederate Army had a nickname called "southern Gibraltar" [6] and was the tough target which influenced a cape fair river. The length is 14,500 feet (4,420m), and the fort of 10 feet of thickness (3m) surrounds this, and it is bulletproof specifications;, as for most of, have a height of 30 feet (9m); there was it. Around many obstacles were put. For example, there were a mine, an abatis called トーピード, a deep trench in those days. There was heavy artillery more than 50 gates, and there was a colon biyard gun behind 60 feet of height of soil thickness (18m) that 15 gates and 150 pounds of Armstrong gun 1 gates were near the sea in that and was called a mound battery. A guard of the forts was 1,400 people, and William lamb colonel commanded it. I was able to send reinforcements from the military unit of the General Braxton Bragg who was to the 4 miles (6km) away sugar loaf. This military unit was Robert F hawk major general division of the north Virginia military and arrived on December 13 [7].

Battle

The Federal army was going to depart from Hampton Rose on December 10, but I was attacked for three days by a winter storm, and it was on 14th, and what I was able to depart from was after. Because it took a naval warship time to do with view Fort で refueling more than expected, the ship with land forces of Butler reached the Fischer fort earlier. A different storm attacked the fleet when a porter arrived on 19th, and some warships were blown away, and the ship of land forces was forced to view Fort まで evacuation [8]. On 23rd when a storm stopped, the porter decided to start an attack without Butler and commanded it to blow up Louisiana at the night. Truth Louisiana in the middle of night was towed near the wall on the sea side of the fort and was lighted. However, there was Louisiana off the coast than the navy thought and probably stayed away from the land approximately 1 mile (1.6km). Therefore, the explosion caused no damage to Fischer fort [9].

(December 23), the Federal army fleet closed the fort on the next morning and started bombardment from a warship in order to let I damaged fieldwork, and a garrison surrender. I fired a little less than 10,000 cannonballs on that day, but there were a few military gains, and the naval gun mount of the shore gun 4 gate was broken, and one powder chest of the light gun was destroyed, and 23 casualties only appeared in the garrison. On the other hand, in the Federal army, 45 people were killed or injured in the accidental discharge of the naval gun, and the Confederate Army gave a direct hit to three warships again [10].

The ship which carried land forces of the Federal army on board in the evening of the day arrived. Butler thought about an attack of the Federal army being near by a porter blowing up Louisiana, and having begun bombardment from a warship without the army when I had let you tell the Confederate Army and harden the defense, but decided to let an observer force strike it that an attack was still possibility or judged it [11]. The landing began in morning of Christmas, and the division of the Adelbert エイムズ brigadier general went ashore first while the navy continued the bombardment to a fort. The Federal army occupied the battery which protected the north beach of the Fischer fort and accepted the surrender of the lone North Carolina youth spare corps fourth battalion and eighth battalion because of the landing [12]. After having built a defense line, エイムズ let you see whether you sent the brigade of the Newton M Curtiss brigadier general to a fort, and you could attack it. Curtiss considered that the defense of the land wall was light and prepared for an attack, but was left in エイムズ. Butler thought that it was too strong that the fort was flawless and attacked it. He learned that the division of the hawk was to several miles of north of the fort again, and yet another storm got the information to come. Butler assumed the landing cancellation after considering the above and let a ship come back to the military unit which there was in the beach. The Federal army fleet was sent back to all the warships Hampton Rose afterwards [13].

Post of the fight

Butler failed in Fischer fort and it did Grant not to have followed a direct order from Grant in particular namely the order to contact porter and Y Zell and dismissed Butler from James military commander, and it was in a reason to fix Edward Aude major general to the successor. President Abraham Lincoln just decided reelection, and it was not necessary to appoint a republican celebrity as the armed forces anymore. Butler was dismissed on January 8, 1865. To make matters worse, Fischer fort fell for Butler one week later. Major General Alfred Terry led the attack for the fortress of this Confederate Army (fight of the second Fischer fort). Butler explained it to defend the judgment that canceled an attack at the place of the United States Congress combination war accomplishment committee meeting in the United States if the fort was impregnable [14].

Death in battle and a fatal injury were five people, injury 56, captive 600, and, as for the loss of the Confederate Army in this battle, the damage by the bombardment from a warship was restored immediately. The blockade breakthrough ship continued using the port, and the first ship after the battle arrived at the right night when Federal army fleet withdrew. The Major General W H C Whiteing and the defense captain lamb colonel of the cape fair district military commander thought that the Federal army returned immediately, but Bragg returned the division of the hawk to Wilmington and began the making of strategy to regain New Bern [15].

The force that faced it

Federal army

Army

Major General expedition army corps (the James forces) - Benjamin Franklin Butler, Major General god-free Y Zell (vice-commander)

  • The second division (the 24th army corps) - Adelbert エイムズ brigadier general
    • The first brigade - Newton M Curtiss honor brigadier general
      • Captain New York third regiment - George W Warren
      • Lieutenant Colonel New York 112th regiment - John, Willie Smith
      • New York 117th regiment - Rufus ダゲット colonel
      • New York 142nd regiment - Albert M Bernie lieutenant colonel
    • Colonel second brigade - Galusha penny packer
      • Captain of New York 47th regiment - Joseph P McDonald's
      • New York 48th regiment - William B corn lieutenant colonel
      • Pennsylvania 76th regiment - John S little colonel
      • Pennsylvania 97th regiment - John Wayne light first lieutenant
      • Colonel Pennsylvania 203rd regiment - John W Moore
    • Colonel third brigade - Lewis Bell
      • Indiana thirteenth regiment - Samuel M ゼント captain
      • Captain New Hampshire fourth regiment - John H Roberts
      • New York 115th regiment - Ezra L ウォルラス major
      • New York 169th regiment - Alonso Al den colonel
    • The artillery
      • Captain New York light dress artillery 16th independence battalion - Richard H Lee
    • Navy brigade - Charles K Graham brigadier general
  • The third division (the 25th army corps) - Charles J pane brigadier general
    • The second brigade - John W エイムズ colonel
      • United States of America fourth coloured people infantry - George Rodger's lieutenant colonel
      • United States of America sixth coloured people infantry - Clark Royce lieutenant colonel
      • Lieutenant Colonel United States of America 30th coloured people infantry - Hiram A oak man
      • United States of America 39th coloured people infantry - オゾラ P Sterne's colonel
    • The third brigade - Elias light colonel
      • Lieutenant Colonel United States of America first coloured people infantry - Giles H Rich
      • United States of America fifth coloured people infantry - Giles W シャートレフ colonel
      • United States of America tenth coloured people infantry - Edward H Powell lieutenant colonel
      • United States of America 37th coloured people infantry - Nathan ゴフ colonel
      • United States of America 107th coloured people infantry - David M cells lieutenant colonel
    • The artillery
      • United States of America third artillery E battalion - John ミリック first lieutenant

Navy

North Atlantic Ocean blockade fleet - David Dickson porter rear admiral:

Confederate Army

  • Major General cape fair district military - W H C Whiteing
    • Fischer fort garrison - William lamb colonel
      • North Carolina tenth regiment - John P W lead lieutenant colonel (injury), James Riley major
      • North Carolina 36th regiment - William lamb colonel
      • North Carolina 40th regiment
      • North Carolina youth spare corps first battalion - D T Millard major
      • Captain of North Carolina heavy artillery soldier first battalion D squadron - James L McCormick
      • Captain North Carolina light gun soldier third battalion C squadron - John M Sutton
      • Captain North Carolina light gun soldier thirteenth battalion D squadron - ザカライア T Adams
      • First Lieutenant American allied powers Navy contingent - Robert T Chapman
      • American allied powers Marine Corps contingent - A C station wagon ベントホイゼン captain
  • Hawk division (the north Virginia military) - Robert F hawk major general
    • Her good brigade - Johnson her good brigadier general
      • Lieutenant Colonel South Carolina seventh battalion - James H Ryan
      • South Carolina eleventh regiment - F ヘイ Gantt colonel
      • Colonel South Carolina 21st regiment - Robert F Graham
      • Captain South Carolina 25th regiment - James Carson
      • South Carolina 27th regiment
    • Kirkland brigade - William Kirkland brigadier general
      • North Carolina 17th regiment - Thomas H sharp lieutenant colonel
      • Colonel North Carolina 42nd regiment - John, Eddy Brown
      • North Carolina 66th regiment - John H ネザーカット colonel
    • Connally brigade, North Carolina spare corps [16] - John K Connally colonel
      • North Carolina youth spare corps fourth battalion - John M lease major
      • North Carolina youth spare corps seventh battalion - William F French major
      • Major North Carolina youth spare corps eighth battalion - James Ellington
      • North Carolina youth spare corps first battalion - oar Mond McCoy colonel
    • The artillery
      • Sutherland battalion - Thomas J Sutherland captain
      • Paris battalion, Stowe ton leech artillery - Andrew B Paris

Allied item

Footnote

  1. ^ "First Battle of Fort Fisher". National Park Service. March 31, 2011 reading.
  2. ^ Gragg, p. 36-37.
  3. ^ Gragg, p. 35-36.
  4. ^ Pelzer, p. 41-42, Fonvielle, p. 101-102.
  5. ^ Fonvielle, p. 108.
  6. ^ Gragg, p. 14.
  7. ^ Gragg, p. 18-21.
  8. ^ Fonvielle, p. 110-113.
  9. ^ Pelzer, p. 43-44.
  10. ^ Fonvielle, p. 133-134, 138, Gragg, p. 67-70.
  11. ^ Gragg, p. 73-74.
  12. ^ Fonvielle, p. 166-167.
  13. ^ Gragg, p. 87-89.
  14. ^ Foote, pp. 739-740.
  15. ^ Fonvielle, p. 178-182.
  16. ^ 4th, 7th and 8th Battalions Junior Reserves at Fort Fisher from 25 December

References

  • Eicher, David J., The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War, Simon & Schuster, 2001, ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
  • Fonvielle, Jr., Chris E. Last Rays of Departing Hope:The Wilmington Campaign. Campbell, CA.: Savas Publishing Company, 1997. ISBN 1-882810-09-0
  • Gragg, Rod, Confederate Goliath: The Battle of Fort Fisher. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8071-1917-2
  • Foote, Shelby, The Civil War: A Narrative, Vol. 3: Red River to Appomattox, Random House, 1974, ISBN 0-394-74913-8.
  • McPherson, James M., Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (Oxford History of the United States), Oxford University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-19-503863-0.
  • Pelzer, John D. "Ben Butler's Powder Boat Scheme." in America's Civil War, Vol. 7, No. 6 (January 1996).
  • CWSAC Report Update

Outside link

Coordinate: 33°58'17" N 77°55'05" W / 33.9715 degrees N 77.9180 degrees W / 33.9715, -77.9180

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