ペチョールィ
Coordinate: 57°49'N 27°36'E / 57.817 degrees N 27.600 degrees E
ペツェリ (ペッツェリ, Petseri) is the western part of Russia of Pskov, the town where a border is along with Estonia by ペチョールィ (ペチョリ, ペチョールイ, Russian :Печоры, Pechory), Estonian and the Seto word of south Estonia.
The population is 13,056 people in all national censuses in Russia for 2,002 years. Estonian particularly several hundred Seto people live.
Table of contents
Geography
ペチョールィ is located the southwest of the pay psi lake and is in the place of 50 kilometers of west of state capital Pskov. In run, the ピウサ river, border and ピウサ river with Estonia drift to the northeast 20 kilometers to 3 kilometers to the east and west from the center of the town to the north and flow into the Lake pay psi.
A railroad binding ボロゴエ - ドノー - Pskov - Tal toe - thalline which is the route of the shortest distance to link capitals of Estonia to Russia together goes, and there is ペチョールィ = Pskov ski Station which is border Station with Estonia near the town. But the passenger train between Moscow thalline does not go along ペチョールィ to go around Narva, but the freight train goes frequently.
History
ペチョールィ was born as a village adjacent to the プスコヴォ = ペチェリスキー monastery in the 16th century. The monastery is a cave monastery open in 1489, and probably, as for the place name called ペチョールィ of Russian, "a cave" is an origin, and a cave is described in the crest of the town.
This village became the important town of the border trade of Russia before long. It was the fortress which protected a western border of Grand Duchy of Muscovy at time of the Ivan fourth. I am captured by various militaries invading Russia from such a position relations. The king Stephane bar bird of the Poland Republic of Lithuania plundered ペチョールィ in the middle of a Pskov siege war in 1581. In addition, Swedish military and Paulhan Dodgers occupy ペチョールィ in 1630 in 1615 in 1611 for 1,592 years and are occupied from 1655 through 1657.
When great north war broke out, Russian Empire reinforced a fortress of ペチョールィ, and the Boris シェレメテフ Russia forces to lead fought against the Sweden forces here in 1701.
When a territory of Russia opened more before long to the west, I lost importance in trade and the national defense, and ペチョールィ was forgotten, but got an opportunity of the development again because the railroad which bound Pskov - ヴァルガ - Riga together from 1886 through 1889 was built (the main line between current Pskov - Tal toe - thalline was built a little later).
It was 1918 and got the position of the city from the Kremlin. ペチョールィ was occupied in December from February, 1918 by the German military. Furthermore, in Estonian independence war () (from 1918 to 1920), I fell by the Estonian military on March 29, 1919. In Tal toe treaty, I will belong to ペチョールィ and neighboring local (a part of Seto mer Setomaa) Estonia.
War interphase, ペツェリ (ペチョールィ) were 11 one, center of ペツェリマー (Petserimaa, ペツェリ prefecture) of the prefecture that constituted the Republic of Estonia at the time. The Soviet Union invaded and attacked to Estonia in June, 1940 and occupied it, and Estonia S.S.R. was formed on July 21, 1940, and ペツェリ was put under the control of the Russian again when admission to the Soviet Union was carried out on August 6.
It was occupied in World War II from August, 1941 to August 11, 1944 by the German military. After having recaptured Estonia, ペツェリ and most of of the ペツェリ prefecture were transferred in Pskov of the Russia Soviet Union socialism republic the Soviet Union by Nazis Germany. Thereafter it becomes the Russia territory today when I passed through Soviet Union collapse and independence in Estonia.
On May 18, 2005, Estonian Ulu trout パエト Minister of Foreign Affairs (Urmas Paet) and Minister of Foreign Affairs Russian Sergey ラブロフ exchanged a border agreement and delimited a borderline with present Russia comprised by a change of the boundary line by the Soviet Union. However, the Tal toe treaty that left from some politicians when an Estonian assembly approved this agreement was yet effective, and, in ペツェリ, the Kremlin resisted an opinion to be an Estonian part now formally intensely. The パエト Minister of Foreign Affairs emphasizes that there is not the intention that Estonia restores ペツェリ.
On February 18, 2014, the Russian ラブロフ Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Estonian パエト Minister of Foreign Affairs signed a treaty to delimit two countries border according to the borderline of the former Soviet Union era. I am pushed in EU and NATO promoting Russia of the posture not to give in at all about a territory and early demarcation, and Estonia will abandon the claim to the ペツェリ district [1].
Culture
The first famous spot of ペチョールィ is cave monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church that became with the establishment of the town, プスコヴォ = ペチェリスキー god in human shape woman going to bed monastery (Свя́то-Успе́нскийПско́во-Пече́рскиймужско́ймонасты́рь). The monastery was located in the suburbs of the town and functioned as the Kremlin. There is building group dating back to the 16th century including the god in human shape woman Gospel sanctuary of the completion in bell tower and 1541 of the completion in 1532.
The history Museum is located in the ペチョールィ city, too. In the suburban ペチョールスキー district, there are the イズボルスク fortress in the イズボルスク village, the Akira Savior Sakae sanctuary in the col Pineau island of the pay psi lake, ゲオルギヤ temple of Confucius of 1562 年献堂 in Seno.
Economic
There is euro Mika Sera Corporation producing the tiles of a wall and the floor in the main company. In addition, there are the factories such as building materials, fiber, the food, too. Cereals and vegetables, a potato, domestic animals are produced in the neighboring agricultural areas.
Footnote
- ^ Russia and Estonia are 5:38 on border decision NHK news February 19, 2014
Outside link
- (Russian) http://www.pechory.org/
- (Russian) http://www.mojgorod.ru/pskovsk_obl/pechory/index.html
- (Russian) http://foto.pechory.ru/
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ペチョールィ
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