Tetuan
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|---|---|---|---|
 The Medina of Tetouan ground (メディーナ) | |||
| Fame | Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin) | ||
| The name of a Buddha | Médina de Tétouan (ancienne Titawin) | ||
| Registration division | Cultural heritage | ||
| Registration standard | (2),(4),(5) | ||
| The registration year | 1997 | ||
| Official site | World heritage center (English) | ||
| Map | |||
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| Usage, indication | |||
Tetuan (bell bell word: Tiṭṭawin, ティタウィン, Arabic :تطوان; Spanish: Tetuán; French: Tétouan; English: Tetouan, Tittawin) is a town in the northern part of Morocco. The Moroccan Mediterranean Sea side has it, and there is Strait of Gibraltar sharing the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic in the place approximately 40km to the north. It is 40km from 60km, Spanish enclave Ceuta facing Strait of Gibraltar to the south from Tangier to the east. A major road goes around a town, and サニア ラメル Airport is to 6km east of the center. The population is 320,539 people in a national census for 2,004 years. "Medina of Tetouan" (メディーナ of Tetuan) was registered as a world heritage of the UNESCO in 1997.
Summary
I was called "ティタウィン" by the bell bell word. ティッタウィン means "eyes" by bell bell word, but is the metaphor expression of the spring springing out on this ground. I am transcribed into "ティトゥアン" now. When a Japanese writes it from top to bottom in katakana to hear this, I often leave Tetuan concerning pronunciation.
A lot of houses of the white wall are city areas, and there are many areas where houses crowd. The former city area called メディーナ in particular is lined with the white houses of the low-rise building, and craftsmen live a lot, and this part becomes the world heritage. An official language is Arabic, but Arabic Morocco dialect is spoken mainly. There is the minority who uses the leaf word (bell bell word) for the life for the day. Spanish and French are spoken in the field of work and the study, too. The main religion is Islam, but there is the minority of the Christian, too. In addition, the Jewish district called Mellor (mellah) remains, too. This resembled the ghetto that said in Europe, and it was separated by the town, and the gate was shut at night.
Tetuan spreads out on the fertile north slope of the northern circle till river Valley of the leaf mountainous district (Martil), and the north and the south and the west of the town are surrounded by the mountains. In the outskirts of the town of Tetuan, the orchards such as an orange, an almond, the pomegranate spread out, and cedars grow. I arrive at the town of the circle till that is a resort facing the Mediterranean Sea immediately in an outport of Tetuan when I go from Tetuan to the northeast by car along a circle till river. The north rocky mountain of the town is the south end of the Angela county and continues to the leaf mountainous district where, on the other hand, the mountain of the south side where they put a river still remains to untouched nature, and the old manners and customs remain.
The street of the town is extensive. The noble progeny who was purged a lot from the Iberian Peninsula (Al = Ann dulse) of the Islam era by Reconquista of the house lives, and there is the courtyard where I planted the trees of a fountain and the orange of the marble. A sculpture and the fresco of the ceiling of houses show a characteristic similar to the decoration to remain in the Alhambra of Granada, too, and a floor and the pillar are covered with the mosaic with the tile. As for the main traditional industry, there are the production of the tile which I fitted a silver thread in, the thick footwear of the bottom, other flint lock-type gun or dry goods.
History
It is considered that there was a town in the third century B.C. The articles which a Roman and the Phoenician used are excavated from remains of タムダ. It was the town which belonged to country Mauretania of the Berber, but I was conquered in Rome and became a part of genus state Mauretania ティンギタナ.
It became the base of the Ceuta attack about about 1305 that King of the Marlene dynasty built the town of current Tetuan. I was destroyed as a counterattack to piracy in about 1400 by Castilia kingdom. The refugees whom it was Reconquista at the end of 15th century, and the Iberian Peninsula was driven to (by the Granada fall of 1492 in particular) flocked and rebuilt Tetuan. At first they built the castle wall and filled up the inside with houses. In Tetuan, Spanish general Leopold O'Donnell who is a progeny of the Ireland imperial family on February 4, 1860 during Morocco Spain war wins by a fight of Tetuan notoriously in pirates (Baru barrier pirates) in Spain and occupies the town and remodels the town into the Europeanness to withdrawal on May 2, 1862. This remodeling was hated from the hometown, and all the traces of the remodeling were destroyed by a citizen after all, and the town returned to an approximately original state. O'Donnell became the Spanish prime minister later and gave the first Tetuan duke.
It was in Spain territory Morocco which the department at the north end of Morocco including Tetuan was a festival treaty of 1912, and was a Spanish protected country (southern most became French possession Morocco), and Tetuan became the capital when Spain territory Morocco started in 1913. The prince of the Moroccan sultan ruled Spain territory Morocco as a vice-king (Harry F Jalifa), but the real power boiled a Spanish high commissioner (Alto Comisario) to dispatch. As for this system, French possession Morocco became independent in 1956 and followed until most of Spain territory Morocco joined, and independent country Morocco was born.
Because they did it this way, citizen's most speak Spanish even today. The road sign becomes Arabic and the French writing together with most of Morocco, but Arabic and Spanish may be written jointly in Tetuan.
Tetuan is the town where there was Jewish big community. Most of them speak kind of the language of Judeo-Spanish called ハキティア which is the Jew who escaped from the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula and an Inquisition in Spain (Sephardim) (Judea Spanish). Some them emigrated to Oran and South America of Algeria later and emigrated to Israel and France and Canada in the late 20th century. Jews staying in Tetuan are very few now.
World heritage registration standard
Considered that this world heritage met the following standards in the world heritage registration standard, and registration was accomplished (the following standards are translation, quotation from a registration standard of the world heritage center publication).
- (2) In through a period of time or a certain cultural sphere, I show important interchange of the value of the human about a building, a technique, art, the city planning of the monument, the development of the scenery design.
- (4) A superior example of architecture illustrating the important times in history of the human, building group, the accumulation of the technique or the scenery.
- (5) An outstanding example of a traditional village representing a certain culture (or plural culture) or the land to the marine use. Or person and the environmental relation Aino outstanding example that the continuation is anxious about in a change particularly irreversible.
- 2.When I did に Seki, the arrangement of houses of the above-mentioned white wall became the decisive factor.
Coordinate: 35°34'N 5°22'W / 35.567 degrees N 5.367 degrees W
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Tetuan
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