The bowels

The organ that the bowels (butterfly, intestines) absorb nourishment and water of the inside after food was dissolved in stomach. The end is anus, and the digested food becomes the flight, and I am exhausted to the outside the body by a bowel movement. The structure of the bowels varies according to an animal, and a difference with the food to take in is big.

Table of contents

Structure of the bowels in the Homo sapiens

1.The esophagus 2.Stomach 3.The duodenum 4.The small intestine 5.Cecum 6.Appendix 7.Large intestine 8.Rectum 9.Anus

I can greatly divide the bowels into two of the small intestine and the large intestine. The small intestine is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, ileum more by the mouth side, and the large intestine is divided into a cecum, colic (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon) rectum. Full length of the human bowels is around 7-9m, and two-thirds is the small intestine. The popular view "which the Japanese bowels have a long" is spread in the media, but is groundless, and there is not the big difference by a race [¹]; [²].

Small intestine

Duodenal

The duodenum is the small intestinal first part continuing from the pylorus of the stomach. I do a C-shape surrounding the pancreas head. Because length is the length that displayed 12 fingers at around 25cm aside, I am called the duodenum. The duodenum is divided into upper part, descending part, horizontal part, Part 4 of the ascending part by the mouth side. It is from pylorus to superior duodenal flexure, and I am surrounded by peritoneum, and the upper part has mobility. A mucous membrane has characteristic that I lack in circular folds other than the small intestine unlike a part. The spherical part in the pyloric upper part is called a ball part. The ball part anterior wall is an area of predilection for duodenal ulcer. A lower line is a part holding, and, in the descending part, the minor duodenal papilla which is an exit of a major duodenal papilla (Vater's papilla) which is pancreatic duct and a choledochal exit and the accessory pancreatic duct opens to caudalis from superior duodenal flexure to inferior duodenal flexure. The horizontal part is a part spreading from inferior duodenal flexure horizontally. I am fixed to the back side from the descending part to the horizontal part by peritoneum, and there is it to retroperitoneum, and there is not mobility. I follow from the horizontal part, and an upper line is a part holding, and the ascending part continues to jejunum to the top left side.

Jejunum and ileal

At approximately 6m in total length, jejunum and the ileum follow from duodenojejunal flexure, and they continue to a cecum. About 2/5, the ileum on the mouth side are left, and the jejunum points at a part of about 3/5, but there is not the clear border in both. The jejunum is bigger than ileum and has a thick wall. This is because muscular layer develops and can carry food immediately. Therefore, it is often empty in the intestinal tract, and the name called the jejunum comes from this, too. In addition, the jejunum has more abundant blood vessels than ileum, and the circular folds seen in a mucous membrane are dense.

Jejunum and the ileum are wrapped in peritoneum, but two pieces of peritoneums wrapping become the form put together and are called a mesentery. There are a lot of finger-formed projections called the villus to a small intestinal wall and increases small intestinal and come to a velvet-formed surface area and raises power of absorption.

Large intestine

In the part that the large intestine continues from the small intestine, length is approximately 1.5m. I am separated from the mouth side by a cecum, colic (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon) rectum. The large intestine is bigger than the small intestine, but the wall is relatively thin.

The cecum is located in the right lower quadrant in the part of the beginning of large intestine. Ileum opens and calls an opening an ileocecal opening. The ileocecal opening has the fold-formed valve called the ileocecum valve and prevents that the food which entered the large intestine flows backward to the small intestine. From the rear wall of the cecum, appendix of the finger-formed structure projects.

The ascending colon is the part which an upper line makes the right side of the body from a cecum sequentially. I turn to the left in the undersurface of the liver and shift to transverse colon. The transverse colon performs deviating from the right path to the left and I bend it to the lower part in the bottom end of the spleen and become the descending colon. A lower line costs the abdominal left rear wall, and the descending colon shifts to a sigmoid colon in the lower left abdomen. The sigmoid colon is full of mobilitys and I greatly curve it and run. There are an omental band, mesocolic taenia, the string-formed structure of three of them to traverse called the free taenia on the colic surface. Mountain traversing muscles gathered into a string form, and these call these three strings with taenia coli in addition. The rectum continues from a sigmoid colon by the third sacral height, and a lower line does the anterior surface of sacrum and opens at anus outside. The fold called transverse folds of rectum is seen in the rectal inside.

Function of bowels

The small intestine: At the duodenum, the pancreatic juice which went along bile and the pancreatic duct which went along the common bile duct appears and works as the digestion. With the jejunum, intestinal juice is secreted. With the ileum, nourishment is absorbed by a weak projection. In addition, the gas such as the air swallowed with food is absorbed here.

Large intestine: Food after nutrition was absorbed is carried and absorbs water. It is more likely to be had loose bowels when I have a problem here. By peristalsis and antiperistalsis motion, I can leave carried contents from the small intestine for a certain given period of time, and the system is such that it can absorb water efficiently. However, do it excessively, and absorption of the water causes constipation when the time when contents stay here is too long. These exercise is influenced by autonomic nervous system and direct is not governed by the cerebrum. The appendix had been assumed too nonsense existence for many years, but the findings "that it became clear in April, 2014 to be the lymphoid tissue which the appendix lymphoid tissue created IgA-producing cells mobilized by large intestine and the small intestine, and was necessary for maintenance of the enterobacterial flora of the large intestine." were announced.

Allied

• Intestinal bacteria

Disease of the bowels

• Acute enteritis
• Chronic enteritis
• Protein leakage-related gastroenteritis
• Hypersensitive colon syndrome
• Chronic constipation
• Loose bowels
• Ulcerative colitis
• Crohn disease
• Bowels polyp
• Appendicitis
• Cecum symptom
• Intestinal tuberculosis
• Intestinal obstruction
• Colon cancer
• Small intestine cancer
• Intussusception

Outside link

• Structure and function of bowels
• The structure of the bowels and the role

1. ^ [dangerous medical funny common sense] was the story, "the Japanese bowels which ate rice had a long first than Westerners" a lie? I read it on science news April 17, 2016
2. Is the length of the ^ Japanese and the American large intestine different? Examination of 1,300 people by large intestine 3D-CT (virtual endoscope)

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= bowels &oldid=59387160"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia The bowels

This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.

Wikipedia and Tranpedia does not guarantee the accuracy of this document. See our disclaimer for more information.

In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.