Pan-Arabism
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The thought campaign that the pan-Arabism (はんあらぶしゅぎ, Pan-Arabism) aims at the solidarity of the Arab across the nation in the Middle East. I say the principle of bread Arab, the Arabism.
Table of contents
Summary
As for the origin, it is one of the self-determination exercise that took place against colonial rule by the European Great Powers and rule of Ottoman Empire for World War I period. A revolt supported at this time by the U.K. in Arab happens, and, in the 1940s, バアス party of the pan-Arabism is formed in Syria.
Original nationalism in Arab was able to be mixed in socialism theoretically. In the case of the バアス party government, I advocate people's democracy in a constitution (en:Constitution_of_Iraq) and call each other "comrade" (Rafiq) in the party, and there are many Soviet Union type socialism to have the authority that a general secretary is strong in and common places. Being involved with the religion has a vague thing and becomes the cause that this lays friction with the principle of Islam.
In addition, the problem of struggle for power and the reality such as the founding of a country of Israel changed penetration of the pan-Arabism into a difficult thing, too. Struggle for power broke out in the later United Arab Republic from the political integration of Egypt Syria namely founding of a country direct next, and the fight of a person from Egypt and the person from Syria produced it in a bureaucrat, an officer. A coup d'etat is outbreak by the officer group where the victory of the Egyptian side showed this internal trouble, but Hafiz Al = Assad is from Syria to lead. Syria left the Arabic alliance, and the alliance collapsed in form to become independent. Fierce struggle for power arose in Iraq and the Syrian バアス party, and Sunni, the opposition between local existing denominations such as the Shiah got there. Support is not necessarily provided from Arabic Great Society by such a realistic myopy-like internal clashes having been frequent, and the Sunni will resist such a pan-Arabism in Syria in particular.
And the pan-Arabism changes in quality from Zionism to an anti-Israel struggle campaign by having had the founding of a country in Israel and coming at the same time for days of creation. Although thought was radicalized by this thing at one time, it was only connection to Israel. Therefore, time for theorization, alignment was not provided, and economy, a religious issue became hardly particularly disregarded. Furthermore, the people were disillusioned by pan-Arabism, and the situation that the Arabic countries of such a pan-Arabism repeated defeat in Israel contributed to leave it. However, I do not say that pan-Arabism became extinct, and the political organization by the Pan-Arab moves into action now in each place, and the solidarity of the Arabic countries is explored through Arab League.
On the other hand, ethnic minority (Kurd or Berber) which "the superiority of the Arab" is emphasized, and is not an Arab persecution will be treated coldly politically. In fact, the use of the language of bell bell is limited without oppression, genocide happening for Kurd in Syria, Iraq, and a right being suppressed, and a Berber being recognized as one race in Libya and Tunisia.
ナーセル and United Arab Republic
After World War II, the Egyptian ナーセル President pushed pan-Arabism by help of the Soviet Union positively and, between Egyptian - Syria, let the United Arab Republic form, but the alliance did not last long.
The country which took the pan-Arabism route in the Arabic countries has Libya, Tunisia, Morocco elsewhere.
After an experiment of the United Arab Republic of the ナーセル President ended in failure, as for the pan-Arabism, the heat that I had for the anti-imperialism campaign era tends to cool down. However, it will be a problem in Palestine now to continue being about to still appeal to feelings of the pan-Arabism.
Qaddafi and republic federation in Arab
ムアンマル Al = カッザーフィー (Qaddafi) which knocked down Imperial rule in a coup d'etat in 1969, and established Libya Arab republic came under a big influence of ナーセル and appealed to Egypt and Syria for the merger that conformed to pan-Arabism, and a referendum was performed in three countries of Egypt Libya Syria in March, 1972, and the establishment was supported. Egypt demanded the unification that stepped more, but Libya and Syria did not agree to a complete merger and remained in the symbolic unification such as national flags. The federation was formed on July 1, 1972, but Anwar アッ = サーダート of the President of Egypt visited Israel in November, 1977 and invited Syria and Libyan repulsion to the cooperation route with Israel because I cut a rudder and dismantled it in the same year.
In addition, it was colored red, Pan-Arab of white, the black employed at the time of the republic federation establishment in Arab, and, in Syria, Egypt stopped the use of this national flag with all in green, Libya having changed a national flag into the unification national flag called the hawk of the golden Quraysh with the federation dismantling as a start in 1984 in 1980.
サッダーム Hussein
In late years it was the バアス party government which Iraqi サッダーム President Hussein led that it published pan-Arabism on the entire surface externally, and did not break a confrontation posture with Europe and America, Israel. This government was defeated by the Iraqi War by American President Bush (son) in 2003, and a party and the government dismantled it, and the サッダーム and government executive was sentenced to execution and imprisonment after restriction.
The neutral historic evaluation of the Iraqi pan-Arabism government is still less decided now.
Pan-Arabism and principle of Islam
In addition, I often do misunderstanding or perversion and the taken information even in occupational media, but, besides, Islam "fundamentalism" is a concept to be opposed in some cases the principle of Islam that is the pan-Arabism that is Zionism and religion exercise.
The Islam was considered to be "one of the religion culture that the Arab was proud" of in the pan-Arabism, but the intervention of the Islam to politics was evaded. This thing is the big reason why the non-Muslim Arabs such as a Christian, the Judaist participate in pan-Arabism. In addition, like the Islam Alawites which were a native place of Syrian Hafiz Al = President Assad, it was the big reason that could participate even if it was the minority discriminated against by Sunni and the Shiah (12 Imams group) as the Islam mainstream society.
However, it might be said that this was communism (Marxism) and a product of the compromise of the existing nationalism which appealed for atheism rather than a clear claim. The country which took the Soviet Union-type close Marxism-Leninism system in the Arabic countries is past, and only former South Yemen people's republic (existing Yemen) exists. In addition, in former North Yemen (the Yemen Arab Republic), the pan-Arabism nation which came under influence that I was strong in ナーセル after Imperial rule was defeated was born for this (diplomatically pro-Saudi Arabia → pro-Egypt and Soviet Union → pro-Saudi Arabia and the old Western countries), and the North-South problem peculiar to Arab society would exist until it was unified.
Therefore, I lack in ostensible reason to separate religion and politics practically, and it is said that the pan-Arabism that occurred in the Arab who is strong in power of the religion traditionally does not succeed in separation of church and state. Hafiz Al = President Assad drew fatwa, "the Alawites were sects of the Shiah" from Lebanese Shiah Islam leader Muses saddle in Syria in 1973. In this way of the distance with Islam got up, and the one was a concern since the establishment.
Still, for the principle of Islam that assumes divinity the first, I cannot but be opposed to the pan-Arabism to let Islam decline despite a superficial form mark. Bomb terrorism and a very important person kidnapping, assassination by the Moslem Brotherhood happened early in Egypt, Syria and started the oppression that rolled up a lot of citizens who were unrelated to the retaliation to Syria.
In 1982, anti-government riot by the Moslem Brotherhood occurs in one of the big city of Syria in Hammer that was the center of the Sunni society and President Syria Hafiz Al = Assad at the time mobilizes President bodyguards, Special Forces, an air force and suppresses these strongly. I arrested you, and most of citizens tortured it as well as Moslem Brotherhood and were executed and performed large oppression that Hama city itself including a landmark architecture and the mosque was destroyed by bombardment and bombing (Hammer slaughter).
(in addition, support for principle of Lebanese Islam organization "Hezbollah" is pointed out from the United States, and Syria is appointed by the state sponsor of terrorism, but, as for this, it is thought with a thing by the agreement of the common interest called anti-Israel where Syrian バアス party government and Hezbollah raise it, and in late years extension of the al Qaeda pro-Sunni Islamic extremist power does non-Sunni alliance of Syria Hezbollah Iran which should originally include an opposition concept called laicism and the principle of Islam, an Arab and the Persia person again than Israel that it is stronger.)
This opposition embodied the Iran-Iraq war that happened just after (person from Persia) Islamic Revolution in Iran.
In addition, it is superficial and is a Europe and America-like viewpoint, but I catch the socialistic side of the pan-Arabism and catch Arab's original left-winger, the side of the nationalism, and there are the right wing and the man of intelligence to arrest.
In addition, the Islamic extremist affiliated with al Qaeda objects to pan-Arabism strongly, and anti-Europe and America based on anti-Israel and the principle of Islam anti-Europe and America where the opinion, "al Qaeda is cooperation to the サッダーム Hussein government" that the American Bush (son) government insisted on before the Iraqi War was based on pan-Arabism is the prime example which confused anti-Israel.
Allied item
- The Arabic alliance
- Arab Islamic Republic
- Arab Maghreb Union
- Arabic nationalism
- Revolt in Arab
- Arabic socialism
- Arabic republic federation
- Nasserism
- Pan-Arabic color
- Bread Arab tournament
- The United Arab Republic
- Egyptian identity
Thought, nationalism of the Near and Middle East in the antagonism
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Pan-Arabism
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