Dental laser

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The dental laser (the laser which does it, and goes) is one of the medical lasers, and, besides, teeth and an oral soft tissue are the generic names of a laser for the purpose of the treatment of the associated biotissue including the jawbone or the laser to use for welding of the dental metal to use for prosthesis. But it is for straight substantives and inflectionals and welding and uses a totally different apparatus.

Table of contents

for the living body

The application of the laser in the dentistry oral cavity domain has been performed with a ruby laser developed in 1960 by Maiman as a start lively. The experiment that applied the hard lasers such as ruby lasers was conducted at first, but was in state that there were the problems such as the thermal denaturation for the dental organism and was far from practical use.

ネオジムヤグ (Nd:YAG) laser and a CO2 laser, the semiconductor laser which held accumulation of the thermal energy in check by making a laser a pulse are improved in order to solve this situation. These lasers are used for soft tissue use including gum incision and the periodontal treatment. On the other hand, the Er which rearranged the エルビウムヤグ (Er:YAG) laser which absorption to water was high in and a pulse method for hydroKINETIQUE method as a laser for the hard tissues such as teeth or the bone Cr. YSGG laser was developed. However, new generation Er not to use quartz-based fiber and the metallic manipulator said to be indispensable for laser transmission by a recent new technology for: The new device called the laser in hand piece of YAG was developed for the first time in Israel in the world. This new Er, as for the YAG laser, is the latest; specially by a technique Er Cr. YSGG laser referred to a same high mud kinetic effect. This laser is Er of before: YAG and Er, Laser ような of Cr:YSGG origin is easy to be damaged, and there is not the many joints manipulator which I used a lot of quartz transmission fiber and mirrors which an energy loss has a big for. Because the YAG laser fits a dispatch source in hand peace, this new Er is the state-of-the-art that the wearing to a dentistry chair table enabled like a normal turbine. There is not a problem, and even what kind of small place can expect activity in operability in future in various medical fields because there is not the transmission system which the device which a laser was in in such a hand peace is big, and is easy to compromise, and is easy to be damaged.

※The above, "the hydroKINETIQUE effect" are Angelo A. Caputo and Lewis R. I am known by studies such as Eversole Univ. of California/Los Angeles School of Dentistry (USA)Sunday 25 January 1998. According to them, the mechanism of the Er system laser is generally said to be the part destruction by the transpiration explosion by the craze for laser absorption of the water in teeth, the bone. On the other hand, the Er which varies in a crystalline matrix even as for the Er system Cr. With the YSGG laser, teeth and a bone and a soft tissue are destroyed with a microexplosion of the water outside the organization partially, and suggest this with "hydroKINETIQUE effect". With the laser of the recent Er system, new Er:YAG using such an outside water explosion came up. Do these phenomena let what kind of difference appear by real clinical practice? It is the research theme of the new Er system laser.

By the way, the pro-these Er laser device is applied all to the dentistry spot from cavity treatment to an implant as a bone operation device in the removal and the root canal treatment of the caries tooth substance, not only the measures for dental hard tissue such as the sharp pain reduction of hyperesthesia but also laser anesthesia and temporomandibular joint treatment, mucous membrane excision and transpiration, a hydraulic thing cutting open widely characteristically.

The diffusion rate of the dental laser in Japan is said to be around 30% in the announcement of the Japanese dental Laser Society of Japan. In addition, in Japan, it is the present conditions that the expense of the laser treatment cannot request the Er of some makers by government management insurance other than YAG laser by insurance revision from April, 2008. 1 tooth laser measures 20 points addition (two years ago) was raised for 40 points of addition in this April. However, the caries removal of the painlessness by the YAG laser is clogged up 40 points current authorized Er, and I pay it, and the supervision on the fund side is impossible, and a caries removal condition of the painlessness is 100% completely nearer in insurance treatment costs of only 400 yen whether you are accomplished.

A topic changes, and there is the dental clinic which expresses a thing such as "the whitening with the laser" to whiten a tooth, but this is an error closely. By bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and the peroxidative urea, the laser applies the heat to the last and activates a bleach (not a laser, even normal visible light is possible).

Kind

Semiconductor laser

The wavelength around 655-2000nm (wavelength area varies according to an oscillation material). The semiconductor laser of 900 nanometers of wavelengths is almost an organization transmission model from 800, and the heat absorbency to a red blood cell is high and is the laser for the soft tissue which the activation of the cell can expect under the low power. It is effective for slight soft tissue treatment such as gum incision or hyperesthesia. The high output is available for transpiration, solidification by becoming it. A device is compact and is relatively cheap. However, there is the appearance of the semiconductor laser from 1000 to 2,000 nanometers, too, and a future detailed study is necessary.

Argon laser

The wavelength is around 488nm. With a laser of the visible light area, I do green from blue. The absorption factor by the organization (hemoglobin in particular) is high and is the laser of the penetration type, and attention is necessary for the application. It is applied to PDT (rays dynamics therapy).

Neodymium YAG laser

The wavelength is around 1,064nm. The absorption factor to water and biotissue is said to be medium degree. I provide solidification of the blood, and absorbency is high in a black pigment. I convert heat using tip tips and can control osmosis.

Erbium YAG laser

The wavelength is around 2,940nm. It is a laser of the soft tissue hard tissue for two uses to use the water for. Absorption to water and hydroxyapatite is high and is relatively safer. However, it is different in the heat absorbency to the organization inside, and there is the need to ascertain the characteristic of the device by a device. I activate a water molecule, and steam is strong in power to give vent to and is the laser which can sharpen a tooth and gingiva, a bone using the ability. The conventional erbium YAG laser had transpiration mechanism cutting by a steam explosion in the organization inside, but, as for the erbium YAG laser invented in recent Israel, there is not fiber to guide, and the erbium YAG laser new at all which kept so-called hydroKINETIQUE to incorporate a laser, and to give vent to irrigation from hand peace with a laser, and to sharpen a tooth and a bone alive appears in the hand peace. There is characteristic that there are few pains that there is not of the violation of heat that a temperature is hard to remain in the organization inside in the case of cutting and the excision by such outside explosion.

A new generation straight: Erbium YAG laser

エルビウムヤグ of purely near 2,940nm without the fiber transmission interference.　From an oscillation body of Er:YAG recently direct by a no fiber, a no manipulator method for a tip of the hand peace tip appearance shone straight Er, YAG laser was developed, but, as for the characteristic of this laser, clarity more effective than conventional Er:YAG can show calculus and a black reaction, an essential characteristic of Er:YAG including the preferential removal of the soft image. This laser again Er, Cr, Resonance characteristics to a water molecule are strong and, as a result, contribute to outbreak of double hydroKINETIQUE and the underwater plasma than YSGG.

As for this underwater plasma, there is a totally new laser sterilization effect to be able to sterilize low temperature in becoming it while taking water as a big characteristic, and the application as the new cure that there is not for safe, effective deletion and violation of heat of teeth caries and the osteonecrosis part to severe periodontal disease and root canal is expected. As for this laser, a study advances saying that an underwater plasma low temperature pasteurization effect appears at the time of a water explosion of the tip of the tip. Use of laser that I use the water is why, and elucidation about the unknown ability of the YAG laser is expected the Er which is not solved only by the shock effect from it having been unknown sterilizing property is strong and the simple hydrogen bomb or the water evaporation in bacteria so far.

※ The term the straight Er:YAG laser does not exist academically. I am considered to be no fiber Er:YAG academically.

Carbon dioxide laser

The wavelength is around 10,600nm. Because there is little dentin permeability, I am said to be the laser of the surface absorbing form, but there is really accumulation of the heat in the living body, and there is the risk of the sequestrum by excessive irradiation. The thermal energy per unit area is the highest than other lasers. With solidification action of the blood, I am used as gum incision, a laser for the soft tissues including the intraoral sterilization and clot of blood mainly.

Erbium chromium, It is a laser Wyeth shrilly

The wavelength is around 2,780nm. I was developed in the United States in 1996. The laser beam has a big energy absorption at the water surface, and this laser is characterized by a theory to be said to be hydroKINETIQUE cutting teeth by the surface steam explosive power unlike a conventional heat laser. Heat absorption to biotissue is said to be fewest lasers in a previous dentistry laser, and, as for the grounds, the greatest analysis result that I am characteristic appears to the wave pattern of the laser beam (Dr. A.Moritz). They are effective for hard tissue and a soft tissue and had the above-mentioned effect like conventional erbium YAG laser, but the removal such as soft dentin or calculus is weaker than Er:YAG because pigment selectivity is thin. As for the ability for hard tissue cutting, according to the latest information, the new generation erbium YAG laser more than this Er.Cr.YSGG laser emerged. This laser Er Cr. With hydroKINETIQUE effect like YSGG, YAG laser appeared the Er in a new generation said to be strong in soft dentin and calculus by a pigment reaction in Israel.

Helium-neon laser

The wavelength is around 632.8nm. I do cinnabar red light with a laser of the visible light area. It is applied to LLLT (medical laser treatment).

for the hard tissue

As for the laser for the hard tissue, a laser to treat a tooth and a bone is. By dental treatment such as sharpening hard tissue, it is a laser of the following kinds now to be generally used.

• Er: YAG erbium: ヤグ
• It is chromium Er.Cr:YSGG erbium: Wyeth shrilly　
• No Fiber Straight Er:YAG no fiber straight erbium: ヤグ

Because an element name is the same, and だ greatly changes by the improvement of the system to guide precisely whereas a previous laser classification was only the wavelength classification associated with oscillation body element name and it, as for the appearance of a new no fiber laser, it may be said that you came to have to consider branching of with fiber and the no fiber newly. The following explanation is based on an old classification.

The laser (carbon dioxide, Nd:YAG, semiconductor laser) of (other than the above) is unsuitable for hard tissue use other than this. The necessary characteristic as the laser for the hard tissue is not only merely cutting and a transpiration function, and there is not infringement action by the heat for hard tissue of the human body, and the laser is that significance is recognized. For example, by the temperature change that is sudden between the tooth substance naturally that the cavity evaporated by sudden high heat partially when irradiated a carbon dioxide laser to a cavity, but the heat of the laser was easy to remain, and there was not a heat change in quality with (vitrify) the lava of the enamel layer is easy to crack, and possibility to give healthy hard tissue damage cannot throw it away. This is the same with Nd:YAG and the semiconductor laser. Then is why; Er:YAG and no fiber Er:YAG, Er Cr. Of the absorption with characteristics of these lasers being absorbed to a water molecule very well whether YSGG laser is appropriate is done, and there is not to other lasers; is because is characteristic. In other words, this is because I react only to the outer layer of the water which there is in the living body (as for the human body about 70% water) when I put it on the biotissue, and heat is hard to remain in the living body inside because the energy absorption to a water molecule is higher in Er:YAG and no fiber Er:YAG, the Er.Cr.YSGG laser than other lasers. Even a tooth and a bone can say the same thing. But the laser of these two kinds floods it with water adversely from the outside of the organization that the characteristic of the maker is different each (because the character of the laser changes from difference in oscillation form and structure by the maker of the laser) and I make a hole continually while heat gives vent to the water in the organization and cut it, and there is the thing which gives vent to the water consecutively externally, and sharpens hard tissue. But water content is said to be only around 5% in the enamel layer and should warn that the Er brothers mentioned above are not things showing the all same effect.

for the metal

Other than a thing to use for the biotissue mentioned above, there is the thing to use for welding of dental metal such as the field of dentistry science and technology, prosthesis or denture prosthesis, and, for a dental laser, they are named a dental laser, too. When metal, heat has weak resin with denture bases again the point that can control risks such as a change of color or the damage because the advantage of the laser welding lets the same metal adhere without using solder materials, operation is a possible point.

Allied item

• Laser
• Medical laser
• Dentistry / medicine / engineering / dental engineering (oral living body material science)
• Medical equipment /MR
• Dentist／Dental technician／Dental hygienist

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