ヌサンタラ
ヌサンタラ (Indonesian: Nusantara) is a word to express islands group of Indonesia by Indonesian [1]. Originally ヌサンタラ was a word to express a chain of islands by Old Javanese () [2]. In Malay, ヌサンタラ is used in a meaning near the Malaysia world ().
Table of contents
Summary
The word ヌサンタラ was adopted in 1336 by an oath by ガジャ マダ, and what is written down in simplified form パララトン () by Old Javanese [3] and ヌガラクルタガマ () is confirmed [4]. It was a strong military leader, and ガジャ マダ brought prosperity as a prime minister of the マジャパヒト kingdom in the kingdom. ガジャ マダ raised an oath called "スンパ パラパ" (Sumpah Palapa). This is an oath not to take in every meal which includes spice until I conquer all ヌサンタラ under the glory of the マジャパヒト kingdom.
The Indonesian historian thinks today that a concept of ヌサンタラ is a concept brought about not a concept produced for the first time in 1336 by ガジャ マダ as "Cakravala Mandala Dvipantara" in 1275 by King クルタナガラ () of the シンガサリ kingdom [5]. Dvipantara is a word of the Sanskrit to express "islands group", and "dvipa" and "nusa" included in both words mean "an island" in Sanskrit. This term was used as a word to express islands group in Southeast Asia. クルタナガラ classifies the alliance of the marine kingdom including the シンガサリ kingdom in Southeast Asia into the field of vision against expansion of the Yuan dynasty of mainland China and is the word that was able to be for [6].
Original meaning of ヌサンタラ
Etymology
ヌサンタラ is a word of Javanese in the record of パララトン (). By Javanese, ヌサンタラ expressed "an outside island". The kingdom greatly separated you and was divided into three areas when I conformed to the concept of the マジャパヒト kingdom (the remainder expresses an island at the outside nusa).
- ヌガラ Agung (Negara Agung): An own country. Capital and outskirts area is included in this. In the マジャパヒト kingdom, east Java and outskirts area are included in the area expressed in this word.
- マンチャヌガラ (Mancanegara): Neighboring areas of ヌガラ Agung. These areas were areas affected by the culture of direct Java. In the マジャパヒト kingdom, the whole Java and マドゥラ island, Bali, State of Lampung and the southern part of Sumatra such as Palembang are included.
- ヌサンタラ (Nusantara): The area that I was not affected by the culture of Java, but presented to マジャパヒト. In the マジャパヒト kingdom, I include modern Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Brunei, East Timor, the local whole such as the southern part of Thailand.
The concept that was brought about in the 20th century
Ernest Dow S deckel () (1879–1950) is known for the name called スティアブディ (Setiabudi) in the people who introduced the name of own country Indonesia without speaking the absorbed word from a language of India in 1920 [7]; [8]. This is the example which a word ヌサンタラ was used for for the first time since it is described パララトン manuscript.
The definition of the term is different from those days when the definition of the word ヌサンタラ introduced by スティアブディ was used in the 14th century. In the マジャパヒト kingdom era, ヌサンタラ was a word to express the dependency which I conquered. スティアブディ did not put such a provocative meaning, and the west used ヌサンタラ as the word that the east contained all districts of Indonesia to ムラウク () from サバン.
In the original マジャパヒト kingdom where oath (the original direction for uses) of パラパ was done, it was in the portent that the modern Republic of Indonesia became the unitary state as for this, promising later although I ruled the very large territory than a current territory of Indonesia [9].
Modern direction for uses
By today's Indonesian, in ヌサンタラ, it is words to express Indonesian islands group () or Indonesian territory, territorial waters, and Malaysia and Singapore, Brunei and the Philippines are not included in a term ヌサンタラ in this meaning. On the other hand, in Malay, ヌサンタラ becomes the words to express Malay Archipelago and Malaysia world () (Malay: Alam Melayu), and it is words including Indonesia and Singapore, Brunei and the Philippines.
ヌサンタラ study
I study the local history and culture, language or politics included in ヌサンタラ in the ヌサンタラ research center of the Russia Moscow University.
Allied item
Footnote
- ^ Echols, John M.; Shadily, Hassan (1989 (1st eds.)), Kamus Indonesia Inggris (An Indonesian-English Dictionary) (6th edition ed.), Jakarta: Gramedia, ISBN 979-403-756-7
- ^ Friend, T. (2003). Indonesian Destinies. Harvard University Press. p. 601. ISBN 0-674-01137-6.
- ^ "パララトン - World large encyclopedia The second edition commentary ". Koto bank. January 24, 2012 reading.
- ^ Prapanca, Mpu; Robson, S. O.; Owen, Stuart (1995), Nagarakrtagama by Mpu Prapanca, translated by Stuart Robson, Leiden: KITLV, ISBN 90-6718-094-7
- ^ Indonesia Negara Maritim (Indonesian)
- ^ "Commentary of クルタナガラ - world great encyclopedia second edition". Koto bank. January 24, 2012 reading.
- ^ "Commentary of Dow S deckel - world great encyclopedia second edition". Koto bank. January 24, 2012 reading.
- ^ Vlekke, Bernard H.M. (1943 (1st eds.)), Nusantara: A History of the East Indian Archipelago, Netherlands: Ayer Co Pub, pp. 303–470, ISBN 978-0-405-09776-8
- ^ Rachmananta, Dady P. "UNESCO: Pararaton Manuscript (MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER)", Unesco, Jakarta, June 18, 2004
Outside link
- UNESCO: Pararaton Manuscript (MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER)
- Introduction eastjava.com of ガジャ マダ
- ヌサンタラ pikiran-rakyat.com which was defined by スティアブディ
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ヌサンタラ
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