The Sakha Republic
- The Sakha Republic
- Russian: РеспубликаСаха
A language of Sakha: СахаӨрөспүүбүлүкэтэ -
Sakha Republic national flag Sakha Republic national emblem 
-
Official language Russian, language of Sakha The capital Yakutsk Chief Egor Borisov (en) The prime minister Galina Danchikova Formatio classification Republic Federal district The Far East Economic district The Far East Area
- The sum totalThe domestic first place
3,103,200km2Population (2010 national census)
- The sum total
- Population density
- The city / district ratioThe domestic 58th place
958,528 people
0.3 /km2
It is 35.7% 64.3%Time It is YAKT, VLAT, MAGT (there is no it in DST) in +9,+10,+11 in UTC ISO 3166-2:RU Number Website /http://www.sakha.gov.ru/
One that the Sakha Republic (Sakha きょうわこく, Russian: РеспубликаСаха(Якутия), a language of Sakha: СахаӨрөспүүбүлүкэтэ, English: Sakha (Yakutia) Republic) is a republic constituting the Russian Federation, and constitution is driven by a federation. The capital is Yakutsk. Alias ヤクーチア (than Russian forms of words). Former title Yakut Soviet Union socialism self-government republic (1922 through 1990), the Yakut Sakha Republic (1990 through 1992). The area accounts for local (Asian Russia) half except the Russian territory in Europe of Russia in 3,103,200 square km and is the world's largest for a local administration unit. It becomes the range of Far Eastern Federal District in the federal district.
Table of contents
Summary
- Capital - Yakutsk City
- Chief - Egor Borisov
- -949,280 population (all 2002 national censuses in Russia)
- Official language - Russian and language of Sakha
- Main person from - Sakha (テュルク system) of a race, person from エヴェンキ (Tungus system), Russian (race of east Slav line)
Standard time
- Eastern part - UTC +11 …Magadan time
- Central part UTC +10 …Vladivostok time
- Western part - UTC +9 …Yakutsk time
Geography
The Sakha Republic has a country of 2,000km toward 2,500km, the east and west to the north and south. The total area called approximately 3,100,000 ㎢ is larger slightly from India (approximately 3,290,000 ㎢) of the independent country seventh place narrowly than Argentina (approximately 2,780,000 ㎢) of the eighth place and is equivalent to area of (approximately 380,000 ㎢) approximately 8 times of Japan. In the northernmost part, in the west, in the Laptev Sea, the east, the East Siberian Sea faces the continent across the New Siberian Islands in Henrietta Island of the New Siberian Islands floating in the Arctic Ocean. These seas are the seas which froze most coolly in the Northern Hemisphere, and the drift ice formation is active because fresh water flows in from the big river and freezes it for ten months from nine months a year. Along the Arctic Ocean of the Sakha Republic, the fjord is not seen in the east from the hole Baru River river mouth of the Thai thick-haired codium Peninsula east side, and the big rivers such as the Lena form a delta at the river mouth. Because the east Siberia of the last glacial epoch was very dry as for this, a glacier is not formed, and this is because the glacier topography was not made.
All the soil of Sakha is permanently frozen ground, and 40% of areas are included in the Arctic Circle. Green moss covers the northern Arctic Ocean coast in tundra, and a reindeer lives. Siberia pine and a Japanese larch twisted small grow up along a river in the southern part of the tundra Zone. Coniferous trees Zone (taiga) spreads out to the south from tundra. In the north, a Japanese larch is important, and a fir tree and a pine appear as I go to the south. The taiga covers up 47% of Sakha Republic, and 90% are Japanese larchs.
Climate
It is in the Siberia in northeastern Eurasian Continent and is a continental climate. Because it is mountain がちな country, the winter cold reaches the limit. On the other hand, it is a high temperature than latitude in the summer. Particularly, in the inland basin, it is often intense heat.
There is Verkhoyansk known as オイミャコン which recorded below the freezing point 71.2 degrees to be world minimum temperature in January, 1926 and the after all winter benumbing cold, and it is thought that the South Pole is excluded strictly intensely in winter with the coldest place in the world of the Northern Hemisphere. There is little snow.
The mean temperature of January reaches -50 degrees in -28 degrees, other inlands at the Arctic Ocean coast. On the other hand, the mean temperature of July goes up it to 19 degrees slightly twice in the inland at the Arctic Ocean coast. The yearly average precipitation is 700mm in 200mm, the eastern mountaineering club in an inland.
Mountainous district
There is Verkhoyansk mountain range running parallel to the Lena in the big mountain range of the Sakha Republic and greatly spreads in an arc from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Laptev Sea. チェルスキー mountain range spreads into an arc form in the same way parallel to the east of Verkhoyansk Mountains, but Mt. ポベダ in the mountain range (Pobeda) is done at 3,003m above sea level with the highest peak (Mt. ムスハヤ (Mus-Khaya) reaches 3,011m above sea level in the investigation with the recent man-made satellite, and it is said that it is the true highest peak.)
A part of the mountainous district spreading out from the south Siberia including スタノヴォイ mountain range and Al Dan highlands to Mongolia spreads in the southern part. The Al Dan Highlands has a coal mining region.
The Kolyma Range extending over the district under jurisdiction of チュクチ self-government is to the east, and money is the richest.
Water system
All the water of the Sakha Republic drifts to the Arctic Ocean. The very wide Lena flows through the center of the country and, through Yakutsk of the capital, runs lengthwise through a country to the north from the south and flows into the Arctic Ocean. Although I freeze up from October through June, it becomes the important street.
There are innumerable huge branches in the Lena, and the Indigirka, the Yana, the independent water system such as the Kolyma spread in the Arctic Ocean, too.
- The Lena (4,310km)
- ヴィリュイ river (2,650km)
- Maruha River (Markha)
- チュング river (Tyung, 1,092km)
- The Aldan (2,273km)
- アムガ river (1,462km)
- Maya River (1,053km)
- オリョークマ river (1,320km)
- ニュヤ river (798km, Nyuya)
- ヴィリュイ river (2,650km)
- オレニョーク river (2,292km)
- The Kolyma (2,129km)
- The Indigirka (1,726km)
- The Yana (872km)
- アラゼヤ river (1,590km)
- Hole Baru River (939km)
- Mina river (Muna, 715km)
- セデンニャハ river (Sedennyakh)
In addition, innumerable wetlands are to the flood plain along tundra zone and the big river of the Arctic Ocean coast and exceed 700 only in a big lake. It is built the Lake dam which I did including a vast storing water lake at the midstream of the ヴィリュイ river much.
History
The person from Sakha went into this ground from the Central Asia in the thirteenth century. Mixed blood assumed that they were Mongolian by a race of テュルク origin and originally I conquered the hunting collection race that was in this ground and assimilated you. A word of テュルク origin and a Mongolian word and the trace of the language of the indigenous people remain for the language of Sakha. Yakut calls itself "Sakha", but the etymology is not clear.
The person from エヴェンキ of the ex-chief priest called Sakha "ヤコ" (Yako), and it reached the Russian who this demanded a fur in the early 17th century, and came to this ground, and it was in "Yakut". The King of ティギン (Tygyn) which was the school of the person from Sakha recognized colonization to this ground for a Russian in substitution for a military alliance. They have this alliance stolen underhand, and the people of ティギン will follow the conquest for races of the Far East including チュクチ and Kamchatka of Russia. On September 25, 1632, Peter ベケトフ of the Cossack built Ren ski オストログ (Ren ski fort) in the place of current Yakutsk, and, in August, 1638, the government of Moscow made the new administrative section that assumed Ren ski fort a center.
The Russian (race) used the Lena water system as a street to the Far East including the Sea of Okhotsk and collected a fur for tax for Sakha and other races and established a monetary economy for the cause in this. In addition, the Russian (race) began agriculture in Lena low land. Particularly, the people of the denomination ousted from to the Lena district in the late 19th century cultivated barley and wheat, a potato and lived. The light industries and the traffic such as steamships began to develop early in the Soviet Union from the end of 19th century, and underground resources such as the money were found more, and the mining industry began, too.
On April 27, 1922, the Soviet Union made "Yakut Soviet Union socialism self-government republic" replacing with previous "ヤコルスカヤ district", but White Army ruled over the eastern part of Yakut substantially including capital Yakutsk during Russia civil war period, and Yakut revolt got up for 1921 through 1923. Under the Joseph Stalin system, people sent to the forced labor place (グラグ) engaged in highway construction, mine labor, deforestion in Yakut, and a majority lost the life. Kanayama of the Kolyma Range extending over the north of the Sea of Okhotsk in particular between Yakut and チュクチ which there is is notorious.
In 1992, Yakut after the Soviet Union collapse was approved as "Sakha (ヤクーチア) republic" in the Russian Federation.
Political
The best post at government of the Sakha Republic is a chief. "The Chairperson of Soviet Union Era of Soviet Union supreme council" came to give its "President" after Soviet Union collapse, but I call the title of the President with "a chief" and will be returned by the President of Dmitry Medvedev federation having signed a law to prevent the representative of each republic in the Russian Federation from giving it with the President in January, 2011. President Hatsuyo was Mikhail Nicholayev. Secondary to the second President ヴャチェスラフ シュティロフ, Egor Borisov (en) serves from May 31, 2010.
The legislature becomes the assembly called "yl toe men" (Il Tumen) of the unicameral system.
Education
The most important higher education system is northeast federal university (former Yakut national university) and Yakut Kunitachi agriculture academy.
Religion
Before the arrival of the Russian (race), the shamanism (a shaman of "the light" to lead a community and shaman of "the darkness" to practice healing through the middle of a journey of the soul) racial, to reach it of faith to be common to the Central Asian テュルク system races including the worship and long-nosed goblin re-faith for the sun and Old Siberia languages was the center. I am converted to the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the population got the Saint name under Russian Empire, but the traditional religion continues at a place of the life. Many shamans died all in inheritors for Soviet Union Era, but to revival after Soviet Union collapse is highly concerned.
Jurisdiction
Major cities
Industrial
The main industry is the mining industry, wood industry, wood processing business.
The underground resources have very various and abundant oil, natural gas, coal, money, silver, diamonds. Particularly, 99% of diamonds to produce in the whole land of Russia are from the Sakha Republic, and the mine of ミールヌイ and ウダーチヌイ is particularly big. As for uranium, digging just began.
The trade total sum of 2014 to Japan exports a rubber tire, a bulldozer, machine parts to the coal center from south Yakut coalfield (ネリュングリ) for approximately 14,675 ten thousand dollar [1].
The industry is concentrated in Yakutsk, but mining and manufacturing develops in town Al Dan of other gold ore, town ミールヌイ and ウダーチヌイ of the diamond, town ネリュングリ of the coal mine.
I am active in tourist acceptance from the Russian inside and outside the country.
People from Sakha are engaged in politics, finance, economy, stock raising, and other indigenous people make living by a hunter, a fisherman, reindeer pasturage.
Traffic
Transportation by water using a river is mainstream in the carriage of goods. Including river Port along the Lena and the branch, a port (ティクシ) of the Arctic Ocean, four shipping companies operate it.
A plane becomes most important by the passenger transportation. Each cities, towns and villages in the Sakha Republic are linked to Russian each place in an air route. The international terminal is in Yakutsk, too.
Yakutsk = Colima lengthening to Yakutsk = ボルショイ Neva and the east where two federal national highways extend to from Amur runs in Sakha. It is not realistic to pave with asphalt because there is permanently frozen ground, and the road is paved with clay, but when it rains, I become a bog, and buses are stranded. A spreading railroad branch line (Amur Yakutsk railroad) links the mining and manufacturing cities such as ベルカキト ネリュングリ チュリマン in southern Sakha from a Bam Railway to the north and carries coal to the East Asia including Japan. The railroad is extended to Al Dan and トンモト, and there is a plan to be prolonged to Yakutsk more, but does not yet reach the completion.
Population status
It is the population statistics data in the national census of 2002 in Russia as follows.
Basic data
- Population: 949,280 people
- City population: 609,999 (64.3%)
- Local population: 339,281 (35.7%)
- A man: 464,217 (48.9%)
- A woman: 485,063 (51.1%)
- The number of the households: 305,017 households
- The population increase and decrease (2005)
- The number of the birth: 13,591 people
- The number of the death: 9,696 people
- The average age: 30.0 years old
- A city: 31.0 years old
- A district: 27.4 years old
- A man: 30.0 years old
- A woman: 26.6 years old
- Constitution of a race
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The historic race ratios are as follows. A racial ratio from various places throughout the Russian (race) and other Soviet Union increased through Soviet Union Era, and it was in the Russian (race) majority in 1970, but the transference of a Russian (race) and the Ukrainian (race) continued in 2002 after the Soviet Union collapse, and a Sakha person came back to the majority.
| 1939 national census | 1959 national census | 1970 national census | 1979 national census | 1989 national census | 2002 national census | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sakha | 233,273 (56.5%) | 226,053 (46.4%) | 285,749 (43.0%) | 313,917 (36.9%) | 365,236 (33.4%) | 432,290 (45.5%) |
| Dollar cancer | 10 (0.0%) | 64 (0.0%) | 408 (0.0%) | 1,272 (0.1%) | ||
| エヴェンキ | 10,432 (2.5%) | 9,505 (2.0%) | 9,097 (1.4%) | 11,584 (1.4%) | 14,428 (1.3%) | 18,232 (1.9%) |
| エヴェン | 3,133 (0.8%) | 3,537 (0.7%) | 6,471 (1.0%) | 5,763 (0.7%) | 8,668 (0.8%) | 11,657 (1.2%) |
| ユカギール | 267 (0.1%) | 285 (0.1%) | 400 (0.1%) | 526 (0.1%) | 697 (0.1%) | 1,097 (0.1%) |
| チュクチ | 400 (0.1%) | 325 (0.1%) | 387 (0.1%) | 377 (0.0%) | 473 (0.0%) | 602 (0.1%) |
| Russia | 146,741 (35.5%) | 215,328 (44.2%) | 314,308 (47.3%) | 429,588 (50.4%) | 550,263 (50.3%) | 390,671 (41.2%) |
| Ukraine | 4,229 (1.0%) | 12,182 (2.5%) | 20,253 (3.0%) | 46,326 (5.4%) | 77,114 (7.0%) | 34,633 (3.6%) |
| Others | 14,723 (3.6%) | 20,128 (4.1%) | 27,448 (4.1%) | 43,695 (5.1%) | 76,778 (7.0%) | 58,826 (6.2%) |
Footnote
- ^ "This museum jurisdiction (Far East part) and trade value change of Japan (PDF)". The living-in-Khabarovsk Japan consulate general (June, 2015). February 6, 2016 reading.
References
- It is 71p ISBN 4768477364 (the series to know to know) (Mari Yonehara, sentence, Takahiro Sekiguchi obtain it every day primary schoolchild newspaper, 編) in existing vicarious writing building July, 1986 "life of world - - coldest place in the world of -50 degrees Celsius"
- (Mari Yonehara, work, Koichi Yamamoto, photograph) "world clear stream publication January, 2007 125p ISBN 978-4 - 86,029-189-1 (改稿, a photograph add an as placed above title book) of -50 degrees Celsius"
Outside link
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