Sierra Leone
- The Republic of Sierra Leone
- Republic of Sierra Leone
-
（National flag） (National emblem) - The motto of the country: Unity - Freedom - Justice
(English: solidarity - freedom - justice) - National anthem： We praise thou, a country of the freedom highly
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Official language English Capital Freetown The greatest city Freetown - The government
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The President Ernest co-Roma The Vice President () Victor ボックカリエ four - Area
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The sum total 71,740km2 (the 116th place) Surface of the water moment 0.2% - Population
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In total (2016) 6,592,000 (the 106th place) Population density 82 /km2 - GDP (own country currency indication)
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In total (2013) 21,355,800 million[1]Leon - GDP (MER)
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In total (2013) 4,900 million[1]dollar (the 149th place) - GDP (PPP)
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In total (2013) 11,700 million[1]dollar (the 148th place) Per person 1,923[1]dollar
Independence
- DeclarationFrom the U.K.
1961April 27Currency Leon (SLL) Time UTC 0（DSTThere is no it) ISO 3166-1 SL / SLE ccTLD .sl International call number 232
Republic of Sierra Leone (Sierra Leonean きょうわこく), popular name Sierra Leone are Commonwealth of Nations member nations in a republican form of government nation located in western part, Atlantic coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to Guinea, the southeast to the north, and the southwest faces the Atlantic. The capital is Freetown.
It was in a colony of the U.K. as an emigration place of blacks freed from Egyptian bondage in 1808 and became independent in 1961.
Under the influence by the civil war that continued more than approximately ten years, it is one of the countries (I report 46 years old, WHO in 2014) which an average life span has a shortest now in the world (the Southern Africa countries where an AIDS evil is serious occupy the low rank of the average life span elsewhere).
Table of contents
Name of a country
The official name is English; Republic of Sierra Leone (Republic of スィエラ re-own, スィエラ Rio sea urchin). Popular name, Sierra Leone [sɪˈɛərəlɪˈəʊn, -lɪˈəʊni] (
hear) (スィエラ re-own, スィエラ Rio sea urchin).
The Japanese notation is the Republic of Sierra Leone. Popular name, Sierra Leone.
The name of a country comes from Sierra León which translated Portuguese Serra Leão (heap of lions) into Spanish. About the reason named "the heap of lions", there are various opinions. There are the opinions which named it because the wind that it blows from the mountain from an opinion and the mountain which named it because I heard thunder roaring like a lion to the sea, and the Portuguese whom there was near current Freetown takes down resembles the roar of the lion.
History
When, as for Sierra Leone appearing for the documents for the first time, Portuguese explorer Alvaro Fernandez anchored in this ground in 1447. A current Sierra Leonean peninsula was named "the heap of lions" in 1462 by a Portuguese, and it was the words that this let you do the whole this area before long. Slave hunting was often performed in this area over the first half from the 16th to the 19th century, and the shore region was dotted with British small forts for a European and American base.
Freetown
When the late 18th century begins, an antislavery movement becomes popular in the U.K. and plans that alone Grandville Sharp of the leader of the exercise makes the permanent home of the slave freed in Africa. It was a Sierra Leonean peninsula that a white-feathered arrow was put up. In 1787, he sends the first immigrant out in Sierra Leone; of the person from テムネ () settled near the faller bay in the peninsula northern coast that chiefs of nobody King Tom of the King and the subject sold the slim land of the Sierra Leone peninsula northern coast to John tailor captain, and did cession as Grandville town. However, by diseases such as an attack or malaria by King Jimmy of the successor of King Tom of the テムネ person who was not friendly, many settlers died and failed. The Grandville town where I failed in changed the name from the settlement to Kleine town under the instruction of Alexander Falcon Bridge that was the member of the slave trade abolition promotion association as a successor of Grandville Sharp in 1791 and was built again, but did not succeed in this after all either. As for the trace of the land of the Kleine town that settled in 1792, and failed, it was named Freetown, and it was afterward in the base of freedmen, and Sierra Leone as the colony would begin again at this point in time, and, other than the U.K., I was chased in the West Indies and American War of Independence of the Jamaica and other U.K. territory afterward as a loyalty group (loyalist), and freedmen (Marron) who escaped settled in Canadian NOVA スコシア. However, the Sierra Leonean peninsula was not fertile, and the attacks from the tribe of the neighborhood and the French escadrille occurred at the same time, too, and the finance of the company turned worse.
Colony in the U.K.
The colony was moved in 1808 to the Royal Family management bottom. When a British assembly approved a law to be illegal by slave trade in 1807, in Freetown, it was in the base of the fleet which supervised the slave trade. Most of slaves with freedom remained behind in Freetown by a fleet, and the colony gradually spread. In addition, these freedmen make mixed blood in Freetown; called the Creole is new; racial. The colony escalated a domain through cession of the land and various treaties of friendship from local chiefs by 1861 and came to do whole Sierra Leone peninsula with a domain.
A faller bay university was established in Freetown in 1827, and the Creole played an active part as a missionary and a teacher in not only Sierra Leone but also other British colonies and came central in politics and trade in this area in the 19th century. On the other hand, the U.K. escalated power in the inland from the 1880s, and an inland area became the British protectorate formally in 1896. The Sierra Leonean protectorate and colony were sorted definitely politically. A revolt happened against a small housing fee introduced into the protectorate in 1898. When the 20th century began, the merchant of the creole could not compete with the foreign merchants such as the Lebanese whom I went into from the foreign territory, and the place of the activity came to be limited to Freetown. Furthermore, becoming it went ahead through the bureaucratic European of the colony, and the creole lost most of initiative in the politics.
A movement for racial liberation began as a leader in バンコーレ Brightman and Wallace Johnson of Dr. creole after World War I in Freetown. After World War II, the protectorate of the inland was given the right to vote, and Sierra Leonean Populist party (SLPP) which represented the profit of the protectorate as the party leader in doctor Milton circle fellows in 1950 was formed. SLPP tore the colony nation meeting (NCCSL) of Brightman and Johnson and others in Sierra Leone in the election of 1951, and SLPP won a great victory in the election of 1957, and it was Sierra Leone Prime Minister Hatsuyo, and I dispatched London delegation in 1960, and the circle fellow required Sierra Leonean full independence to admit.
Independent
Sierra Leone became independent as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations on April 27, 1961. The Milton circle fellow became the prime minister continuously and served until he died in 1964. Until a patch, nation election of March, 1967 in the prime ministers the Albert circle fellow who is his half-brother as a successor; worked.
Coup d'etat
All ecclesiae (All-People' sCongress, APC) that were an opposition party became the top party in the election of 1967, but the David orchid Sana brigadier general who was the leader of the military woke up bloodless coup detat before シアカ Stevens who was the chairperson of the APC took the prime minister, and, as for him, a job was chased. Martial law was proclaimed by the military, and a counter coup d'etat was caused by the loyalist of all ecclesiae although a national reform meeting was put under the management of the military, and Stevens returned to the government in 1968. However, the Stevens Administration becomes autocracy before long, and Sierra Leone becomes 1 party republican form of government in 1978, and Stevens takes office as the President. The Stevens Administration followed until 1985.
Civil war in Sierra Leone
I received democratization, and the Joseph rhinoceros do peach major general who became a successor of Stevens introduced political pluralism in 1990, but I received support of National Patriotic Forces of Liberia (NPFL) which led Charles tailor of neighboring country Liberia in 1991, and a unification revolution front (RUF) that led アハメド フォディ Sanko rose in arms, and Sierra Leone civil war broke out. Valentine Strasser low-class officers of the military to lead have a coup d'etat in 1992 and overthrow the peach government. The government was not stable, and RUF expanded the power afterwards in the chance.
The civil war was not settled though democratic election was held in 1996, and Ahmad Tejan Kabbah took office as the President and Johnny pole coRoma woke up a coup d'etat in 1997 and established a military regime, and it was in coalition government with RUF. However, the global community repelled this and the West African Economic Community (ECOWAS) military invaded and attacked to Sierra Leone in 1998 and overthrew the co-Roma Administration and brought back the cover government. The cover government was opposed to RUF again, and RUF let power spread until I influenced two-thirds of the country. Although it seemed that I ceased fire by Lome peace agreement () of July, 1999 whether you began to go to the recovery of the order, Sanko took office as the Vice President and maintained power.
United Nations Sierra Leone mission (UNAMSIL) was dispatched on October 22, 1999, but capital Freetown control case of RUF where 500 personnel required of UNAMSIL are taken hostage on May 1, 2000 occurs. Sanko was restricted in Freetown on May 16 by the hand of citizens. The U.K. dispatched a reinforcement corps to the ルンギ International Airport separated from Freetown in an inlet (en) on May 19 (en:British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War). In June, it is en:Operation Khukri. RUF is weakened rapidly afterward, and peace and disarmament of RUF succeed on January 18, 2002. The civil war terminated on March 1.
Sanko which was a leader of RUF dies in a hospital in Freetown in 2003. A Liberian tailor ex-President prosecuted on the charge of war crimes on March 29, 2006 was restricted in Nigeria of the exile and was transferred to Sierra Leone.
Democratization
Ernest co-Roma of the APC defeat Solomon Berea of ruling party SLPP in a presidential election on September 17, 2007 and take office as the new president. Since civil war end, the change of government by the first presidential election was realized. Incumbent Ernest co-Roma were reelected with a vote of the majority in a presidential election on November 17, 2012 [2].
Political
The national polity is the republican form of government nation which assumes the President the sovereign. The President is the head of the executive branch and is picked in election once in five years. The President appoints a cabinet minister and unifies it. The most recent presidential election was carried out in November, 2012.
In the legislature, the number of the seats is 124 seats from the assembly of the unicameral system. 112 seats are picked with a presidential election, and 12 remaining seats are supplemented by the President.
International relations
 | In this knob, the subject was put in Japan; is described, and the explanation from a global point of view may not be done. I would like cooperation to the discussion with the notebook and the development of the article. (May, 2013) |
The Sierra Leonean embassy does not exist in Japan, and the living-in-People's Republic of China Embassy does 兼轄. In addition, there is not the Japanese Embassy in Sierra Leone. The living-in-Ghana Embassy performs 兼轄 of the living-in-Sierra Leone Embassy.
Local administration division
Sierra Leone is distributed between Western Province (ex-colony) and eastern state, State of northern part, four of the State of southern part (former protectorate). Three states of the old protectorate are subdivided in 12 districts having 148 chiefs territory. The western part is ruled by a local government. There is the governor in three states each, and, as for the administrative unit in the state, there are a village, wide area village, a township, chief territory, a district assembly from a small thing sequentially.
Major cities
The main city has Freetown, carp do, baud, ケネマ, マケニ.
Other cities
- Port local people
- Waterloo
- ルンギ ()
- Quiet
- Cabala ()
- マランパ
- モヤンバ ()
Geography
The Sierra Leonean shoreline is covered in the forest of the mangrove other than a Freetown Peninsula part with capital Freetown. I cook the remaining area of Sierra Leone, and, in a plateau zone (300 meters above see level grade) among trees, the eastern part of the country is the mountain. There are the islands of a banana island in near the Freetown Peninsula, an advance island, York Island or the turtle archipelago (shell bath island), too. The domestic highest peak is Roma マンサ (Loma Mansa) of the eastern mountains (1,948m).
Tropical, as for the climate, April is rainy season from May to December in the dry season from January. It is an extreme dry season in January in particular.
Economic
According to the statistics of IMF, the Sierra Leonean GDP of 2013 is 4,900 million dollars. It is 805 dollars, and there is the per person GDP in a standard not to arrive in 10% of world average either. [1]
Sierra Leone is the export country which assumed diamond digging a base since a diamond was discovered in 1930. The Sierra Leonean special merger monopolized the exploration right of the diamond for 25 years, and rice paid as a tax did most of profit in the government. However, most diamonds are smuggled out at the same time. The southwestern part is the area with many reserves of the diamond, and a civil war occurs over this in the past (I refer to dispute diamond # Sierra Leone).
The Wellington industrial area in the suburbs of Freetown was the area that was developed in 1960 by the Sierra Leonean government to begin production as part of a plan of the domestic economic development, and from the 1960s through the early 1970s this industrial area was one of the important economic areas of Sierra Leone. The beer company Sierra Leone beer limited which produced famous beer "star beer" in Sierra Leone was established in this industrial area in October, 1961.
After civil war end, the government lays emphasis on development of the diamond industry again, and the President of Ernest co-loma whom I took office as in 2007 is going to bring up diamond digging and abrasion industry.
Other than a diamond, it is a mineral bauxite and rutile (rutile), zircon-producing country. As for the bauxite, digging is begun a Sierra Leonean ore since 1963 by a metal company. The digging of the rutile containing titanium began in 1967, but was canceled in 1971. However, Sierra till company reopened production in 1979.
Rice, Elaeis guineensis, a peanut, coffee, cocoa are performed by the agriculture mainly. The fishery is prosperous in Freetown Peninsula.
Traffic
The main airport is ルンギ International Airport in ルンギ which crossed the inlet from capital Freetown. It is only this ferry service that there is few that it links two. Ten places including the Hastings Airport are in the domestic airline.
Nation
of a race
As for the inhabitants, 10% are Creole called Clio in African (racial the field such as Limba , ロッコ group , Malinke / man Dinka, Sioux Sioux , by group led by Temne which is the greatest tribe and 2 tribes of Mende ) 90%. I live in the Sierra Leonean peninsula with capital Freetown.
As for the Clio person, it is from the mixed blood (Murat) with the descendant of the freedman including U.K. and North America and Jamaica and a local race and the white mainly. In addition, it is few, but an Asian and the European including the Lebanese (Lebanese Sierra Leonean person) settle down in the urban area, too.
Language
An official language is the English language, and Creole that, in addition, made each local tribe word such as Temne or the Mende, English called the Krio a mother's body is used.
Religion
Islam (the particularly northern and western ground) is 60%, and 30%, Christianity (the particularly western ground) are 10% traditional religion (the particularly southeast ground) (Protestantism is often found as for around 2% of Catholicism). Islam 71.3%, Christianity are 26.8%, and traditional religion is considered to be 1.9% by the estimate of 2009. A lot of Islam followed by traditional religion continue on the name in Sierra Leone, and it is the that there is few it, but, as for the Christian population, the Christian influence in Sierra Leone constitutes a strong part with 10%. The Christian propagation activity is carried out nationwide, and European and American Christianity group and propagators are active in each place. In addition, the propagation activity of the Islam is carried out lively in the same way around the western part, too. Most of the religion opposition that seems to develop into violence is rare in Sierra Leone and a Muslim and the Christian cooperate unusually basically and interchange peacefully in Africa and coexist. When the immediate neighborhood and neighbor of the mosque of the Islam are lined with Christian churches, it is not rare either.
Education
As for Sierra Leonean education system, 18 years old is the latter middle-grade education from first half of secondary education, 16 years old 15 years old from elementary course, 13 years old 12 years old from 7 years old. The educational facility becomes obsolete by the decline of the economy, and, under the influence of a civil war, what is destroyed is outstanding.
As a main higher education system, the faller bay university which is the oldest higher education system exists in West Africa established in Freetown in 1827 by association of British c.m. 1876年にイギリスのダラム大学と提携し、1959年にシエラレオネ大学（）となってイギリス王国から許可を得た。 1967年に同大学はフォーラー・ベイ・カレッジとモヤンバ（en）にンジャラ・カレッジ（）の2校として設立された。 中等教育機関は主にアルバート・アカデミー学校、シエラレオネで最古のカトリック系の中等教育のセント・エドワード学校およびシエラレオネで最古の女子学校アニー・ウォルシュ・メモリアル学校などがある。
2004年の推計によれば、15歳以上の国民の識字率は35.1%（男性：49.7% 女性：25.8%）である[5]。
文化
首都のフリータウンはその名が示す通り、イギリスや北アメリカ、ジャマイカから移住してきた解放奴隷が建設した街であるため、クレオール文化的混合を色濃く残す。内陸地方の現地部族は現地の伝統文化を守って暮らしている。 フリータウンにあるセントジョーンズ・マルーン教会は1820年にジャマイカ系の解放奴隷マルーンの入植者達が築き上げたシエラレオネ最古のプロテスタント系の教会であり、1947年6月1日の記念碑と遺物条例で、1956年に国家遺産に指定されている。また2007年にセントジョーンズ・マルーン教会の創立200周年が祝われた。
祝祭日
| 日付 | 日本語表記 | 現地語表記 | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1月1日 | 元日 | New Year's Day | |
| 2月11日 | 預言者生誕祭 （預言者ムハンマド生誕記念日） | Maulid-un-Nabi | |
| 3月8日 | 国際女性デー | International Women's Day | |
| 4月6日 | 聖金曜日 | Good Friday | |
| 4月9日 | 復活祭の翌日 | Easter Monday | |
| April 27 | 独立記念日 | Independence Day | |
| 5月1日 | レイバー・デー （労働者の日） | Labour Day | |
| 8月 | 銀行休日 | Bank Holiday | |
| 8月19日 | イード・アル＝フィトル （ラマダーン明けの祝日） | Eid al-Fitr | |
| 10月26日 | イード・アル＝アドハー （犠牲祭） | Eid al-Adha | |
| 11月1日 | 諸聖人の日 | All Saints Day | |
| 12月25日 | クリスマス | Christmas | |
| 12月26日 | ボクシング・デー | Boxing Day |
著名な出身者
- サミュエル・ルイス - 立法協議会で20年以上議員を務めた。初代フリータウン市長。
- デビッドソン・ニコル - 元国連大使（1969年-1971年）、国際連合安全保障理事会（1970年）と国際連合訓練調査研究所（UNITAR）（1972年）の理事長。
- ジョン・ムッセルマン・カレファスマート - 国土省・鉱業省・労働省の各大臣を歴任し、ダイアモンド産業を組織化。元WHOの副事務局長（1965年-1970年）。
- モハメド・カロン（サッカー選手） - カロンFC所属、14歳で同国サッカー代表。
- ソリウス・サムラ - ジャーナリストで、ドキュメンタリー作家。腐敗、貧困、紛争といったアフリカの現状を緻密な取材を元に報告している。映画「ブラッド・ダイヤモンド」のアドバイザーも務めた。
- イシュマエル・ベア - ラップ歌手、元少年兵。アメリカで活動している。彼が書いた自分の少年兵時代の本「戦場から生きのびて」（A Long Way Gone）は世界中で読まれている。
脚注
- ^ a b c d e "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2014" (英語). IMF (2014年10月). 2014年10月26日閲覧。
- ^ National Electoral Commission - Sierra Leone2012年11月24日閲覧。
- ^ 外務省 シエラレオネ基礎データ
- ^ 外務省 シエラレオネ基礎データ
- ^ CIA World Factbook 2009年11月14日閲覧。
参考文献
![[icon]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png){kind=small} | この節の加筆が望まれています。 |
関連項目
- シエラレオネ関係記事の一覧
- シエラレオネの通信網
- シエラレオネの交通網
- シエラレオネの軍事
- アミスタッド号事件、19世紀にスペインの奴隷船、アミスタッド号で起きた奴隷の反乱事件。反乱暴動を起こした奴隷たちはシエラレオネ（当時はメンデランドとも呼ばれていた）のメンデ族である。
- ブラッド・ダイヤモンド
- シエラレオネにおけるLGBTの権利
外部リンク
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Sierra Leone
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