Florence Nightingale
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| Florence Nightingale | |
|---|---|
 | |
| The birth | 1820May 12 Tuscany grand duke country Florence |
| Death | 1910August 13(90 years old) U.K. London |
| The well-known results | Mother of the modern nursing education |
| Medical career concerned | |
| Occupation | Nurse, statistician |
| Position | Japanese parsley Mie barrack(スクタリ) |
| Specialty | Hospital hygiene management |
| Receiving a prize | Red Cross decoration (1883) Merit decoration (1907) |
| Signature | |
 | |
Florence Nightingale (Florence Nightingale, from May 12, 1820 to August 13, 1910) is a British nurse, a social entrepreneur, statistician, a nursing educationist. Mother of the modern nursing education. Even hospital architecture showed unusual talent. I am famous by the devotion to injury soldiers by the Crimean War and the medical hygiene reform based on statistics. (May 12) is her birthday on the day of the international nurse.
It is attached to the St. Thomas Hospital in London and establishes nightingale nursing school, and this is the nursing school which is not world's first religion system, and it is a part of Kings college London now.
I had a profound knowledge about the Greek philosophy and interchanged with scholar of Oxford University of Plato, Benjamin ジョウェット () familiarly.
Table of contents
Person
Youth
It is named birth, Florence (English reading of Florence) during the honeymoon of the parents who are the home of rich gentry for 2 years in Tuscany grand duke nation's capital Florence. For the childhood period, education (literature such as foreign languages such as) to learn as a thing becoming basic of the study of) that there was a reading and writing talk with French, Greek, Italian (sisters, Latin (Bible and the philosophy, Greece philosophy (Plato), mathematics, astronomy, economics, history (U.K., foreign country), art, music, a picture, English (English grammar, composition), geography, psychology, poetry or the novel) that committed all kinds of 贅 is given. However, I come to want to take work to gradually serve people while I do the miserable life of the poor farmer whom I contacted in the case of a charity visit in one of eyes.
It is married by the friend of the famous tourist called the breath bridge married couple and goes to Rome for a trip afterwards. And I got to know Sydney Herbert who did the director of the sanitarium of Rome through a friend. After returning home, the association that is friendly with Elizabeth Herbert, also known as popular name Riz who is Mrs. Herbert begins.
The Florence Nightingale stays in the school facilities カイザースヴェルト school belonging to hospital of Germany by an excuse to nurse the older sister who suffered from disease of mind in 1851. Here, nurse education was provided. I wanted to be a nurse and found work to a hospital in London introduced by Riz Herbert, but but was unpaid afterwards. The cost of living was 500 pounds a year, but father of a few understanding people appeared. It becomes serious with mother, an older sister against finding employment. The Florence Nightingale who became the woman's illness director later checks the situation of the hospital of British each place and accuses the need of the nurse who put specialized education. The nurse was seen as the simple servant who took care of the sick person at a hospital and was the occupation that was not necessary of the technical knowledge and the time when it was thought in those days.
I am to Crimean War
However, a turning point came when Crimean War broke out in 1854. When handling of the injury soldier in the front of the Crimean War begins to convey that it is the situation miserable how by correspondent William Howard raschel () of London thyme in a backward military unit, the public opinion boils at a stretch. I strengthen the determination that the Florence Nightingale is embedded with as nurse oneself.
The minister asks Florence Nightingale for the service in a war to the battle front in the Sydney Herbert wartime when I took a situation seriously. In November, the Florence Nightingale went to スクタリ with the backward base and hospital with 24 sisters, 38 women of 14 occupation nurses in total. However, the barracks Hospital was extremely insanitary, and necessary supplies were not supplied from the evil of the bureaucratic vertical administration system. Furthermore, the Secretary local hall army surgeon refused the service in a war of the nurse corps on a shield by a vertical administration system. The rest room cleaning of the hospital fixed on the fact that it was not had jurisdiction over which post, and the Florence Nightingale interrupted it in a hospital by at first beginning rest room cleaning. However, there was a friend. The Queen Victoria commanded it to send the report from a nightingale to the direct Queen for a minister in the Herbert wartime. Herbert sent this to the battle front immediately and let you stretch in a hospital. A nightingale and a nurse corps and sick and wounded soldiers were cheered up and became the silent pressure to an opponent.
After such a process, she played an active part as a total person in charge of the nurses of the スクタリ Hospital. It was to become clear later, but the death rate improved for the better by the improvement of the hygiene state by the inspection of "the hygiene committee" after arrival at post although I made a rise (42%). I was called "an angel of Crimea" from the performance in those days. It comes from a nightingale to call a nurse "a nurse". Because I did not miss night watch, I was called "the lady of the lamp". The Florence Nightingale did not seem to be pleased with being seen for such an image. "An angel is a person fighting for a person agonized not a person scattering a beautiful flower," but, for the words of the person, is known.
When the Department of the Army merged with ministry of wartime in 1855 after the service in a war of the nightingale, the situation improved for the better slightly. The new Department of the Army organized hygiene Committee and dispatched an investigating group to the field and ordered that I kept the hospital sanitarily according to the report of the nightingale. As for the death rate that jumped up by the enforcement of this order to approximately 42% in February, it became clear later in April that it was to 5% in 14.5%, May. The majority were not wounds, and, as for the dead person in the barracks Hospital, it was supposed that it depended on the lack of hygiene (infectious disease to spread) in the hospital later.
The nightingale is rolled up in a political trouble in the army the other day. The biggest thing was what Secretary hall army surgeon limited by the activity on a shield in what the Crimea which was battle front in the post of the written appointment of the nightingale was not included in. I finally revised this part, and the new written appointment with the Queen name arrived, but this was just before peace of 1856.
A peace treaty is concluded in Paris on March 30, 1856, and Crimean War terminates on April 29. The last patient of the hospital left the hospital on July 16.
Peace post
The Florence Nightingale did not feel pleasant that I was set up as a national hero and, on August 6, returned home using a false name called Smith in secret. In November after returning home, the nightingale teams gather at Burlington hotel and begin the agonizing reappraisal of the hospital while reading the scrupulous report of the タロック colonel. I made many statistics documents and submitted it to various committee meetings made for reform.
Therefore, in the U.K., I assume a nightingale a statistical pioneer. The reform by this led to an organizational reform of the whole army as well as health system. The Florence Nightingale was chosen as the first woman member of the British royal statistics society in 1859 and was chosen as the honor member of the United States statistics society later.
The Florence Nightingale did not mind, "oneself became the advertising tower" (the U.K. in the Crimean War). However, I come to avoid what is rather treated as a celebrity after war end probably because it was too used as an advertising tower. It grew on and, with the will, did not allow a gravepost to write it down anything other than an initial.
Because Henri Dunant who is one of the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross appreciated the activity of the nightingale whether you are influenced by such a manner of the nightingale, I leave the name for the memory chapter which a committee gives it for "nurse (less than 50 people who are) throughout the world in an odd year in biennial (Christian era) who carried out the activity that is remarkable in a field of the devoted person and public sanitation and nursing education that played an active part or creative pioneer contribution with great courage for the disabled and a person with a disability or the victim of a dispute and the disaster". In addition, the Florence Nightingale was not concerned with Red Cross activity and rather objected flatly to the establishment of the regular organization of the relief group by the volunteer. This is because I perceived, "the help activity to depend only on the self-sacrifice of the member for never lasts long" like Mother Teresa. And I am said to be it when this is because there was a way of thinking, "I depend on mind of the service of the member, but it is powerless without the economical help".
The person concerned with army, government where it was by superhuman performance and the daring posture that a partner did not, whoever it is, mind frank talk, if necessary, in a negotiating partner showed respect to a nightingale and was afraid again. The house of the nightingale in accord with old Burlington Street and the office was nicknamed "small Department of the Army" Little war office with respect and both meanings of the ridicule among the people concerned.
In addition, nightingale nursing school is made in St. Thomas hospital () (existing Kings college London) when a nightingale foundation organized all over the wartime reaches 45,000 pounds. The principal won the head nurse Wardlaw bar of the hospital, but the Florence Nightingale cooperated about the administration, too. Similar various training schools were made in the U.K., and the nurse training system near the present has begun to be set afterwards.
Rather a symbolic image of the devotion was also the medical hygiene reform based on statistics, and it got fame only for two years at the time of the Crimean War service in a war that herself served injury soldiers as a nurse. I fell down by a heart attack at the age of 37 years old (1857), and I was troubled by the collapse that it was thought that it came from chronic fatigue syndrome afterwards. Most of approximately 50 years before dying spent it on a bed, and it became the pillar of the activity to write a manuscript and the letter of the book.
The later years were the nursing of the aged parent, but after mother died in 1880, the activity decreased, too and became often in the home all the time in after 1890. The August 13, 1910 death.
There is nightingale Museum in the St. Thomas Hospital now.
The natural voice (the contents pray so that soldiers who fought by Crimean War return safely) recorded to a wax cylinder in London in 1890 in 2007 was shown by Tokyo University tip technology center.
Brief career history
- I am born as the second daughter of the family on May 12, 1820
- 1847 Rome trip
- I stay in the カイザースヴェルト school in 1851
- It is found work in 1853 to a hospital in London
- I apply for the U.K., Crimean War by oneself in March, 1854 and go to the front with 38 nurses
- 1860 Nightingale nursing schoolThe establishment
- I completely lose my eyesight in 1901
- I am given an existence distinguished services chapter (merit decoration) as a woman for the first time in 1907
- August 13, 1910 eternal rest. Is buried in the St. Margaret church of Hampshire by the will of the deceased of the deceased; to a gravestone "F. N. Born 12 May 1820.Died 13 August 1910" only と, an initial and a straight date of death are written down
Relative
- After father William Edward shore (Shore) (from 1794 to 1874) William Edward nightingale (en:William Nightingale).
- I am said to be mother franc sheath Smith (Frances Smith from 1789 to 1880) franc sheath nightingale, Fannie (Frances "Fanny" Smith).
- I am born in older sister パースィノピー (soft-headed Seno P en:Frances Parthenope Verney from April 19, 1819 to May 12, 1890), both Shichi King Lear nation's capital Naples. The origin of the name depends on former name Naples (ネアポリス = new town), Parthenope (it comes from the name of the nymph who it is colonization city Parthenope, and comes out to a Greek myth) of Naples. The flower of the lily which Florence Nightingale was created in the back side of the old 10 pounds ticket, but was used for the left of the surface Queen of パースィノピー described it.
Main achievements
- I preached the need of the training of the nurse who gave professional training and founded nightingale nursing school.
- I was embedded with Crimean War and made an effort for hygiene improvement of the barracks Hospital.
- I cooperated with hygiene improvement of the army.
- I built the statistical basics in the U.K.
- I brought statistics into the nursing for the first time (I visualized data so that the Queen who was not an expert was easy to look more).
- Book "Notes On Nursing" (nursing memorandum) is read as a classic widely at the place of the nursing education.
Nightingale oath
In the committee which did Max Farrand nursing school of the Harper Hospital in United States of America Michigan Detroit City (Harper Hospital), principal restructuring グレッター (Lystra Gretter) Lady with a chairperson in 1893, I praised the great achievement of the nightingale, and the nightingale oath (Nightingale Pledge) was made.
I assumed the mind for the nursing of the nightingale the basis and showed the necessary way of thinking, mental attitude as the nurse engaged in medicine.
After the fashion of "the Hippocratic oath for the doctor," I open an oath by a nightingale oath in 戴帽式 and the graduation ceremony of the nurse [1].
Nightingale ward
The hospital architecture which a nightingale devised. It is written down in "hospital memorandum" (Notes on Hospitals) with a drawing.
- The sickroom is efficiency without the partitioning.
- Per one bed of the patient, one window is set.
- The bed equals each by 15 in right and left of the sickroom.
- Three levels of windows that the window extended to the expensive ceiling.
- I ventilate the sickroom by always leaving the third level most expensive window open.
In addition, for "a hospital memorandum," the calculated value that is ideal about the area that is good for patient one medical treatment space, the distance between height and a bed and the bed of the bed is spoken.
The nightingale ward was taken in including St. Thomas Hospital at the time by hospitals architecture of the world and functioned practically as a real building.
Writing
I leave a book of the quantity that, besides, approximately 150 parts are enormous of "nursing memorandum" (Notes on Nursing).
The most of the writing are recorded in "nightingale collected writings" (modern company, all three volumes 1974, 1975, 1977).
I nominate a main thing of the inside.
- Writing about the nursing
- Approach to the kaiser's welt school (1851)
- Nursing (1858) of the army Hospital by the woman
- Nursing memorandum (1860)
- Nursing (1865) in the hospital of India
- Nursing (1867) in the relieving the poor hospital
- Nursing (1876) for poor sick people
- A hospital and patient (1880)
- Nursing (1882) of training and the sick person of the nurse
- Nursing (1893) to protect nursing and the health of the sick person
- Writing about the hospital
- Hospital memorandum (1863)
- Maternity hospital memorandum (1871)
- Writing about the health of the British army
- Health (1858) of the British army
- Hygiene (1863) of the army to India
Japanese translation writing
- The bookmark Tei Iwai three reason of the nursing. Japanese Red Cross publishing office, 1913.
- The thing Kazuko Kodama reason that is not a thing, the nursing that is nursing memorandum nursing. Modern company, 1968
- Reason such as nursing memorandum nursing であること, nursing でないこと 改訂新版湯槙 ます. Modern company, 1976.
- It is Yoko Oda reason Japan Nursing Association publication society, 1985.5 about two nursing memorandum true nursings and nursing that is not so.
- Reason nursing memorandum Akira Nishida reason required. Public welfare company information service, 1991.3.
- Nursing memorandum anything is nursing, and nothing is nursing; or Akio Kobayashi others reason. うぶすな study, 1995.11.
- Collection of nightingale letters Rosalind Nash edition religion sentence building cutting department reason. 教文館, 1939.
- Nightingale collected letters Taizo Hamada reason. 隆鳳堂, 1958.
- Nightingale collected letters ABC plan (production), 1974.
- 書簡湯槙 ます 等編訳 to a modern version, a nightingale collected letters nurse and a probationer. Modern company, 1977.3.
- All 3 nightingale collected writings 巻湯槙 ます supervision reason: Present age Corporation such as Hiroko Usui, 1974-77.
Footnote
- ^ http://www.stat.go.jp/teacher/c2epi3.htm nightingale and statistics Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau
References
- "The Florence Nightingale was a statistician; is ISBN 978-4-8171-9273-8 (the statistics graph of the nightingale is placed by a color) in story - Takeo Maruyama JUSE Press 2008 of a person and the history of - statistics"
- All nightingale writing and allied nursing science documents collection six volumes ISBN 4-931444-20-2
- Expert nurse editorial department / 編照林社 1989 ISBN 4-7965-2502-5 where "a nightingale is great"
- "British nurse Tetsuya Kurosawa called nightingale -" "angel of the battlefield" by, comics: 真斗, the supervision: Toshihiko Hasegawa Shogakukan ISBN 4-09-270010-5
- It is ISBN 4-622-07036-7 "a nightingale myth and the truth" (original title "florence-nightingale-avenging-angel" "angel of the Florence Nightingale revenge") for Hugh Small, Kyoko Tanaka reason Misuzu Publishing 2,003 years
- "Nightingale biography, other one part" Lytton Strachey
- Minoru Hashiguchi reason, Iwanami library 1993. <Victoria dynasty -＞It is for の abridged translation.
- "Victoria dynasty life of a great man" Yasushi Nakano reason Misuzu Publishing 2008
- It is ISBN 4-06-388477-5 lower ISBN 4-06-388478-3 in (backed by the activity of the nightingale at the time of the Crimean War, a ghost of the dollar Lee lane Theater possessing a nightingale describes the confrontation of the ghost of Chevallier Deon possessing "the man of gray clothes" and Secretary hall army surgeon) for "black Museum ghost and lady" Kazuhiro Fujita Kodansha 2,015 years
Allied item
- Nursing science
- Nursing education
- Nursing theory
- Epidemiology
- Florence Nightingale badge
- Nightingale syndrome
- It is one of the pupils of the nightingale in Queen of Victoria ※ Prussia and the Deutsches Reich empresses. An older sister of Hesse grand duchess Alice.
- It is one of the pupils of the nightingale in Alice mode Mary ※ Hesse grand duke National University noble consorts. A younger sister of the Her Majesty Empress Victoria.
- I took hhc (abbreviation of human health care) of the Eisai ※ logo out of the handwriting signature of the nightingale.
Outside link
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