Thunderstorm
A thunderstorm (it is said and others British: thunderstorm) is rain with the thunder to fall from the thunder cloud which developed intensely.
Table of contents
Outbreak of the thunderstorm
The thunderstorm is caused by a thunder cloud. A large quantity of steam is blown up with an intense ascending current of air heated on ground in the upper thunder cloud (highly about 8~10km). I am saturated with a rise in high degree, and the steam blown up becomes a large quantity of raindrops. Furthermore, an ice grain condenses in substitution for a raindrop in the sky. While this ice grains are fanned by an intense ascending current of air, and they repeat a collision, a large quantity of static electricity is accumulated in the upper thunder cloud. This causes the thunder.
And I concentrate on the small area, and intense rain falls and comes to flow into it by balance with an ascending current of air from the ground and the gravity of a raindrop and the ice grain collapsing. Therefore the thunderstorm often becomes the torrential rain and occasionally causes the natural disaster such as a landslide or the flood. However, the thunderstorm often stops in a short time and is over within several hours from one hour after beginning to go down and may show a sunny interval just after that.
But a precipitation that a thunderstorm is prolonged and is equal to the in a short time local annual precipitation may be observed when wet air is supplied to the topography such as mountains, and an ascending current of air is supplied to the thunder cloud continually.
A season does not matter to the outbreak of the thunderstorm throughout the year, but it is common in the summer when heated air is easy to become the ascending current of air, and it is in a season word as a summer feature. During one day, an ascending current of air weakens and is easy to take place in time from 3:00 p.m. when balance with the rain is easy to collapse to sunset. In addition, as for the thunderstorm of the time, the thunderstorm is easy to become intense because thermal energy saved in the day is enormousness. Therefore the thunderstorm of the obi is called the shower in particular in summer this time.
An ice grain of the upper thunder cloud grows up, and it is intense hail (hail) and hail (hail) when it just reaches to the ground without melting. There is cold air in the sky, and a state of the air is easy to take place at the time of instability in particular and I hang it in spring in Japan in early summer from the time and often have it.
Because a thunder cloud is produced by the tropical climate of the neighborhood of equator frequently, a thunderstorm takes place routinely, and the thunderstorm says a squall.
In addition, in Southern Asia, African some India, the subtropical zone area of Central and South America, in the case of a monsoon of the rainy season, an intense thunderstorm may occur.
An intense ascending current of air becomes easy to be caused, and it is predicted by global warming or heat island effect when intense thunderstorms will be frequent in future in addition.
A kind and strength of the thunderstorm
In the United States, I classify thunderstorms in 3-4 based on the scale of the rainfall cell (precipitation cell) becoming the base.
- Single cell (Single cell) - There is the intense rain in downburst, hail, a part, and a weak tornado may occur. Different plural cells of the stage of growth usually occur even if I say a single cell, but there is not the old and the new change with the thing which is single-engine each, and occurs. The thunderstorm by this cell is called an air mass-related thunderstorm. It is a typical shower generated well in Japan in summer.
- Multi-cell (Multiple cell, Multi cell) - The thunderstorm by this cell is called a multi-cell type thunderstorm.
- Multi-cell cluster (Multicell cluster) - There are plural cells varying in the stage of growth in the group of the thunder cloud, and old and new changes are repeated. A flash flood, large hail, a weak tornado might be generated. I say the cloud cluster. A tropical cyclone is this model.
- Multi-cell line (Multicell line) - The gusto front desk occurring for the weakening period of one cell grows up to a new cell. I am known as a squall line shown in the weather chart above the ground in the United States. A flash flood, large hail, a weak tornado might be generated.
- Super cell (Supercell) - It is a large-scale cell with the rotary motion of the current of air in one cell. There are strong downburst, big hail and often wakes up a strong flash flood, and a strong tornado might occur. An echo of the characteristic form called the hook echo is seen when I observe this cell in a Doppler radar. The thunderstorm producing a tornado frequently in middle western district of the United States hits this. When the atmospheric middle lamella has dry air, it is easy to occur, and a dry line indicating the battle front of the dry air is used in ground weather chart in the United States, and an intense thunderstorm is done with an aim to occur. The thunderstorm by this cell is called a super cell type thunderstorm.
In the case of a single cell, the life of the cell declines immediately in around 30 minutes. But, even in the case of a single cell, plural cells often occur in the small area, and it is common to get longer than it at the time when a thunderstorm continues it. On the other hand, because the part of the ascending current of air and the part of the downward air current separate a multi-cell and the super cell in a cell clearly, the circulation (driving force of the development of = cloud) of the current of air is maintained and is easy to be made it easy, and life amounts for several hours.
The explanation in the classification mentioned above does not have the absolute thing, and, as for the frequency such as hail or the tornado, there is the aspect to be affected by the topography and other weather. There is many that I change from the, for example, single cell that a cell changes a figure into a different classification during life to a multi-cell. In addition, there is the cell fulfilling classifications more than two, and there is yet the part which is uncertain for a classification.
Weather chart
Thunder and lightning (the rain which is regular or strong at the time of observation) 95 is weak or, in the weather chart marks of the international-type weather chart, 29 corresponds to the sign that five kinds express a thunderstorm of the strong thunder and lightning (with rain, snow, either which it is sleety) ordinary thunder and lightning (with rain, snow, either which it is sleety) 97 thunder and lightning (the rain which is weak at the time of observation) 92 thunder and lightning (it may be accompanied by rainfall) 91 within former one hour within former one hour within former one hour.
Because priority is determined in the weather chart marks (Japanese style weather chart marks) of the Japanese style weather chart, thunder or thunder strong しの two kinds correspond to a sign to express a thunderstorm.
Allied item
References
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Thunderstorm
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기