2016년 4월 29일 금요일

Harlequin bug suborder

Harlequin bug suborder

Harlequin bug suborder (異翅亜目)
Pentatomidae01.jpg
Classification
界 : Animal kingdom Animalia
The gate : Arthropoda Arthropoda
Rope : Insect rope Insecta
Eyes : Harlequin bug eyes (Hemiptera) Hemiptera
Suborder : Harlequin bug suborder (異翅亜目) Heteroptera
Scientific name
Heteroptera
Latreille, 1810
Declining trend

The harlequin bug suborder (harlequin bug あもく) is the taxa which halves harlequin bug eyes with a beet leafhopper suborder. A lot of familiar insects including the harlequin bug giant water bug water strider are included. It is thought that I differentiated from molecular system analysis from the neck rostrum group of the beet leafhopper suborder.

Characteristic

The harlequin bug suborder was called 異翅亜目 before the name of the harlequin bug suborder was adopted in Ministry of Education arts and sciences vocabulary (there are many people using this even today in disfavor with the method of the academic vocabulary). Half of the root sides rank of the forewing becomes thick, and this is to be different from a quality of half films part of the tip clearly. The insect of this kind folds a filmy hind wing to a back, and the top can fold a feather as if covering with a forewing in turn. Judging from the back side, the back after the prothoraces is almost covered by a feather. The abdominal rear is covered by the part which stacked the filmy part of the forewing of right and left. Abdominal first half and right and left of chest second, Section 3 are covered up by a hardening part of the forewing, and a part (mesothorax screen board) of the backboard of chest Section 2 is seen between the forewings of right and left. This part becomes triangular and swells particularly is called back scute. This completely wraps up the chest in the back and the abdominal back than mesothorax in circle harlequin bug department and the Kyn harlequin bug department, and the feather is stored hereunder, too.

It is a characteristic to be common to harlequin bug eyes that it is in a way of speaking that trophi is equivalent to needle-formed thin mouth needle and this sheath. The thing of the harlequin bug suborder has a thing of the phytophagy and a carnivorous thing, and a way of speaking is straight into long pieces, but the carnivorous thing is often big, and the phytophagous thing turns to the falcation briefly. I explain it in detail with harlequin bug eyes # characteristic about the structure of the trophi.

The head has compound eyes with a pointed triangle at the both ends of the base. It is normal that there are three stemmas between both compound eyes, but most of the Kasumi harlequin bug department lack in this (therefore they were called lygus bug department once, but there is the eyesight because there are compound eyes). The feeler is slim with the terrestrial thing, and, as for the aquatic thing particularly the thing which adapted itself to underwater life, there are 太短 く, the thing which folding, can store it.

Three pairs of feet have few characteristics with the terrestrial phytophagous thing, but forefoot are big, and, with the carnivorous thing, there is a thing developing for capture. Most are flesh-eating, and forefoot are big, and the aquatic kind develops in form suitable for capture, and there are many things that the third second leg develops for swimming. In addition, the male third leg is big, and, in a part of the terrestrial kind, there is a thing developing harshly, and it is said that I am concerned with a mating action.

A habit and life cycle

The thing of the harlequin bug suborder contains very a variety of things. From the thing which is in the underground a thing living on a plant, a ground-related thing, I include a thing of waterside, surface of the water life, the water life. In addition, there is the thing which went into the sea level like pus water striders and is the dweller of the sea where there is few it in the insects.

Eating habit

As for the eating habit, there is a thing of mycophagy and the algae eating habit in a part a phytophagous thing, a carnivorous thing. A lot of important pests in the agriculture are included in a phytophagous kind. The carnivorous kind is considered to be a beneficial insect eating an agriculture pest, but the plant does doing damage to with a thing, eating meat to cause damage to a thing and the fish farm which may stab a person, and are said to be a hygiene pest, and there is the thing considered to be the pest of farm products, too. Some hematophagous seeds have a thing transmitting helminthiasis.

It is common to live on the edible grass, the meal tree, but I live a life like Tutsi harlequin bug department on ground, and, as for the phytophagous thing, there is the taker in nourishment from a falling seed and a seed in the fall fruit, too. In addition, I affect the growth of the plant, and there is the thing letting you make an insect lump.

Phytophagous eating methods of the things are various. For example, most of the thing doing nutrition from the seminal albumen and cotyledons, flesh of the fruit, mesophyll of the leaf accumulating a nutrient inside inject saliva including the digestive enzyme while cutting an organization with a mouth needle and stir it and outside the body is digested and takes in the thing which became liquid.

The Kasumi harlequin bug department is phytophagous, and there are many kinds indicating carnivorous both properties, but when I do nutrition from a plant, I often stab the feebleness organization of the growing point neighborhood with a mouth needle and hydrolyze pectin gluing cells together by saliva containing the enzyme called the pectinase. And I breathe in a cell dissociated separately. Therefore it becomes full of holes when the organization which received eating grows up and develops a leaf as eaten by hairy caterpillars.

There are many things of the seed food mentioned above in the squash bug department, but the thing doing nutrition from a stem is known to take the very characteristic eating method. I inject saliva containing the enzyme called the sucrase from the mouth needle which I stuck into a stem and hydrolyze existing sucrose (sucrose) molecules to glucose (glucose) and fructose (fructose) between cells. Then it becomes very higher, and the nutrients such as an amino acid or vitamins have been extracted from the cell outside a cell the osmotic pressure of the liquid out of the cell by the increase of the molecular number. Squash bugs absorb this. Therefore an organization is often spin-dried by preservation in sugar as it was, and the plant which squash bugs performing nutrition from a stem made 吸汁 intensely withers up.

Besides, because, for example, gastrointestinal tract is on the way in the circle harlequin bugs doing 吸汁 from the stem of the leguminous plant and blocks it up, they may take in considerably special food, but the details do not still know it well. In addition, it is thought that there is the thing performing nutrition from a vascular trachea and sieve tube like many insects of the beet leafhopper suborder.

The assassin bug which caught a spider

The carnivorous thing walks about looking for bait or ambushs you and catches game. Such a predation-related thing usually sticks a mouth needle into the body of the game and injects saliva including the paralytic toxin and digestive enzyme and I am digested and absorb a body tissue and the body fluid which became liquid. But when triatomine bugs and carnivorous aquatic harlequin bugs sting a finger of the Homo sapiens, an acute pain as it is unbearable runs, but may inject neurotoxin and the digestive juice killing game separately because I do not have extensive necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue like time jumped to join in the larva of the gengoro-crucian digesting outside the body likewise. Somethings consume blood from the blood vessel of mammals and birds; become hematophagous, and there is the kind settling down in the nest of the large animal. It was famous by the bedbug (bedbug) settling down in a house, and sucking blood of the Homo sapiens, but in late years it is rare to see.

The fungivorous thing lives in the back side of the rotten tree. It is thought that I take in nourishment, and a mouth needle having a long it very inside of the head is rolled up in the Hirata harlequin bug department by the spawn of back wood rot bacteria of Kutsugi. I do not know it well whether mushroom Kasumi harlequin bugs of the Kasumi harlequin bug department only prey on wood lice coming over to the mushroom whether you do nutrition from a mushroom at the same time.

Most of the corixid of aquatic harlequin bugs are phytophagous and they stick a mouth needle into an algal cell and absorb cytoplasm of the inside.

Life cycle

The thing of the harlequin bug suborder becomes the imago without passing through a pupa from the larva of the figure near an imago by homomorphism. The larval life is the approximately same as an imago. The imago lays an egg with a lump with many things. It is known that the capsule of the symbiosis microbe helping the nutrition of the harlequin bug attaches to these clustered eggs with many kinds and leaves here with such a kind after a larva took in a microbe. A thing with the habit that a dam protects clustered eggs is known on plural taxa such as horn harlequin bug department and Tutsi harlequin bug department, the コオイムシ department. A born larva is known to the thing living in a group for a while.

In addition, with the kind of the herbivory, there is known to be the thing which sometimes makes a large group. With a part of the harlequin bug, there is a thing making a large group for wintering, but the reason is unknown enough, but even other kind may see what make a large group with various kinds.

I it about a smell

Harlequin bugs are famous by giving off a bad smell, but in this smell with work of the defense from predators of the warning to a friend have a meaning. In addition, the working example is known as warning pheromone at the high density meeting pheromone with the low concentration. As well as it, a bedbug or a water strider are known to give off a smell, but are not sure about the meaning. These bad-smelling materials are secreted by the line called the stink gland. The stink gland opens in the larvae on the back, but a feather comes to open to a ventral in the imagos covering the back.

Classification

The terrestrial large-scale kind is usually called a harlequin bug. A friend of the underwater nature may be called aquatic harlequin bugs. In addition, the group living in the surface of the water and the waterside of water striders is called amphibious harlequin bugs.

系統

Wheeler et al.(1993)[1]によると、以下のような系統樹が提案されている。

異翅亜目 Heteroptera
 

Neck chinch bug declining trend Enicocephalomorpha

Euheteroptera
 

Rose of sharon harlequin bug declining trend Dipsocoromorpha

Neoheteroptera
 

Water strider declining trend Gerromorpha

Panheteroptera
 

Japanese water scorpion declining trend Nepomorpha

 
 

ミズギワカメムシ declining trend Leptopodomorpha

 
 

Bedbug declining trend Cimicomorpha

 

Harlequin bug declining trend Pentatomomorpha







脚注

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ Wheeler, W.C., R.T. Schuh, and R. Bang. (1993). "Cladistic relationships among higher groups of Heteroptera: congruence between morphological and molecular data sets". Entomologica Scandinavica 24: 121-137. doi:10.1163/187631293X00235. 
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