Middle ear
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The middle ear (middle ear, English: middle ear) means the depths from the eardrum of the ear and consists of a middle ear cavity, auditory ossicles, auditory tubes.
| Middle ear | |
|---|---|
 The structure of the human ear. It is an auditory tube auditory nerve, 12 snail, 11 semicircular canal, 10 ambos, 8 malleus, 7 oval window, 6 eardrum, 5 concha, 4 external auditory meatus, 3 骨導, 2 1 at stirrup bone, 9:3 | |
| Latin | auris media |
| English | Middle ear |
Table of contents
Function of the middle ear
- Middle ear
- I work to convey vibration (sounds) of the air from eardrum to inner ear (semicircular canals, snail, front yard).
- Middle ear cavity (I eat middle ear)
- In a part becoming into a back cavity of the eardrum form, there are auditory ossicles close to eardrum in this. I am called the tympanic cavity (こしつ). The wall is covered with a mucous membrane.
- Auditory ossicles
- There is a soil bone, an anvil, work to convey the stapedial vibration of the air which reached the eardrum with a small bone consisting of three to inner ear. As for the vibration from the outside, it is converted approximately 1.3 times (approximately 22 times) into approximately 17 times by the area of the eardrum and the foot-plate ratio more by lever motion of auditory ossicles.
- An auditory tube or Eustachian tube, you studio key pipe
- I am connected by the pipe lengthening from a middle ear cavity to a nasal cavity, pharynx. In the auditory tube, many fimbriae grow and they go toward the pharynx and work. Dust and the microbe included with air are washed away to the movement of the fimbria when adhered to a mucous membrane and are kept clean in the middle ear. I say the Eustachian tube.
- Tensor tympani muscle and stapedius muscle
- With the muscle which attaches to auditory ossicles, and regulates the movement, it is the smallest muscle among the human body. As for the tensor tympani muscle, trigeminal nerve, the stapedius muscle are governed by the facial nerve.
- When a loud sound sounds, these muscles are tense reflectively and set a limit so that too big vibrational energy does not reach the inner ear. I call this a muscle of auditory ossicle reflection or middle ear muscular reflex. Because the discrimination time is 40-160 msec, I may raise acute acoustic trauma without being able to finish coping for a sudden powerful sound.
Pressure adjustment
In the middle ear, oxygen is used consistently, and pressure may become low with it temporarily than external auditory meatus, but there is a few it so that consumption of oxygen does not have to consider the influence to be different, and to give of the pressure in comparison with a change of temperature, temperature, the atmospheric pressure after pressure was adjusted in the place that oxygen is used, and was used.
When I board an airplane, and neighboring atmospheric pressure suddenly decreases, I may learn a pawn and a sense of incongruity that swelled in an ear. The external ear side does not change into the pressure on the middle ear side immediately whereas I just receive fresh air pressure, and this is because a difference in pressure produces it on both sides of the eardrum. At such time, you should swallow saliva. Then an auditory tube opens by the function of tensor veli palatini muscle, and balance with pressure and the fresh air pressure of the middle ear recovers.
When fresh air pressure is low, this adjustment is easy, but I breathe out from a nose after picking up a nose in the case of reverse, and doing it, and having blocked up the nostril, and it is necessary to adjust internal and external pressure by sending expiration into middle ear through an auditory tube. It is said that it goes without an ear and is the common sense of the diver. Rather when I swallow saliva, and air is in the middle ear, I already have the hearing loss due to the patency auditory tube and am more likely to wake up otitis media because seawater including nasal mucus and bacteria, the plankton enters the middle ear more easily.
Abnormal of the middle ear
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Middle ear
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