Keystone class

The ecology term which points to the big straight foundation to affect to ecosystem in ecosystem with a keystone class (きーすとーんしゅ British: Keystone species) or the central kind (ちゅうすうしゅ) while being relatively little biomass. The concept that was proposed by the Robert treat pane of the ecologist. Even if it is a straight seed having a big influence, the dominant species with much biomass is not considered to be the keystone class to ecosystem.

Table of contents

Judgment

It is necessary for the judgment whether a certain straight foundation is a second base cause to meet "the biomass that there is few it" and two conditions called "big influence". Specifically, crowd importance (CI: community importance) that is the influence that a creature gives in a biocoenosis and the biomass of the creature calculate a ratio among the whole crowd, and it is shown what I confirm whether you meet 2 conditions mentioned above (Power et al. 1996).

In addition, a second base class and the straight foundation that it is are different every ecosystem because the ecosystemic interaction is different from a creature if crowd structure and environmental conditions are different.

Second base predator

The keystone class often affects the ecosystem through a predation action and calls such a second base seed with a second base predator (keystone predator) and calls the predation with second base predation (keystone predation). A second base predator is often a high-ranking predator in the food chain like a wolf, but is not rarely a low-ranking predator.

Example of the second base predator

 

Sea-otter unexploited hand in hand

Starfish (Paine 1966) of the North Pacific reef intertidal zone

Plural creatures inhabit the local reef concerned. As for rock barnacle and the California hard-shelled mussel, competition to account for the same ecological niche which scrambled for a same adherence side together was in a state, but did not have the competitive exclusion when the starfish which was the predator of both coexisted. A hard-shelled mussel occupied most aspects of the reef when I removed a starfish artificially, and many other creatures decreased. From this, it is thought that a starfish is a second base predator in this system.

Sea-otter (Estes et al. 1998) of the North Pacific coast

At the North Pacific coast, the populations of the sea urchin which became the bait with the decrease in sea-otter in the 1990s increased. Because a sea urchin ate away rhizoid of the giant kelp, a sea-jungle of the giant kelp was destroyed, and influence was reflected on a biocoenosis.

Keystone class except the predator

There is the keystone class affecting the ecosystem through an action except the predation. For example, the beaver is the keystone class which has a big influence on ecosystem through dam making by the nest building. The seabirds bringing nourishment salt on a migratory bird and the land carrying the seed of the plant can become the keystone class.

References

• Tadashi Miyashita, Takashi Noda "synecology" Tokyo University publication society, 2003.

Allied item

• Maintenance ecology
• Food chain
• Symbol class
• Umbrella class
• Ecosystem engineer

Outside link

• EIC net environment vocabulary: "A keystone class"
• It is a crowd Kumamoto University Aitsu Malin station - training, lecture - environment adaptation study 5
• Linking Keystone Species and Functional Groups: A New Operational Definition of the Keystone Species Concept

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