Economics and principle of the taxation
"Economics and principle (On the Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation) of the taxation" is a study by British economist David Rickard who announced it in 1817.
Following the fact that postwar, the remarkable rise of the British grain price caused in a continent blockade law in the Napoleonic Wars slumped very much while being based on a study of "The Wealth of Nations" of British economist Adam Smith, as for Rickard born in 1772, the assembly revised the cereals regulations to maintain a grain price to protect a landowner in 1815. When Rickard protected a grain price in these economic conditions, I brought accumulation of the partial capital and lectured to a capitalist, a landowner, the income distribution of the worker when a problem produced it and developed a debate with British economist Thomas Robert Malthus at the same period.
I discuss what kind of influence taxation of the government has after having clarified value, the ground rent, the mine ground rent, a natural price, a wage, a profit, an economic characteristic of the foreign trade by this writing. The mercantilism considered wealth to be provided from trade to be value in the past economic history, but Smith exported domestic surplus fortunes not a trade balance using a concept of the usefulness and argued when I could enlarge wealth by importing overseas scarce treasure. Because a concept of this usefulness is not quantitative as for Rickard, I propose a concept of the exchangeability. I judged value from the money that the value of the article was changed for the exchangeability, and Rickard thought if the value was equal to an expense to produce the articles. Therefore, Rickard established the throwing down labor theory of value that throwing down labor produced exchangeability.
As Malthus discussed it with "Essay on the Principle of Population" about the wage, therefore, with reference to the opinion that excess of the population occurred when a wage exceeded a necessary expense for survival, the wage lectured on the wage survival costs theory that life support could purchase a fortune of the indispensability, and was maintained. Furthermore, the balance between areas of the land productivity discussed a paid balance land rent theory about the ground rent and thought that a certain local ground rent depended from other relations with the area. For example, a case to pay the ground rent to a landowner using the land which is not provided assumes only 8 profit without a capitalist suffering to have the land where 10 profit is provided. In this situation, the capitalist can pay only 1 to the ground rent for the ground rent in profit. This is because the capitalist can secure profit more than 8 conventional profit to realize profits of 10-1 = 9 by it traveling the land. When it accumulates capital that Rickard points out here and borrows not only the land having high productivity but also the low land, I have the situation that the ground rents increase, and a rate of profit decreases. Therefore, Rickard imported cheap cereals from the foreign territory and insisted on an economic policy not to treat a landowner well.
References
- 『Economics and principle of the taxation The top/Bottom"Reason: Takuya Hatori・Yoshiki Yoshizawa Publication: Iwanami Shoten (1987)
Outside link
- It is a translation (Seiji Ogasawara) sentence economics and a principle (PDF) of the taxation (Japanese)
- It is the original (English) On The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (PDF)
- The On The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (English) original
- The On The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (English) original
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Economics and principle of the taxation
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