ブラキウリ

ブラキウリ (British: Brachyury) is protein encoded by T gene in the Homo sapiens [¹]. ブラキウリ is a transcription factor belonging to the T box family. I am found in all checked bilateria, and there is it to Cnidaria until now [²].

Table of contents

History

The variation of Brachyury was described as variation of the length of the tail in the heterozygote mouse and the sacrum for the first time in 1927 by Nadine Dobrovolskaïa-Zavadskaïa. As for the variation of brachyury, lethal by the mesoderm formation and a structure loss of the abnormally previous limb bud rear of the notochord differentiation in the homozygote ten days after outbreak. The name of Brachyury was made with Greek from oura which meant brakhus and the tail which meant short いを.

brachyury has a name T now, but brachyury is used as a name of the expression protein now by the genome naming convention of Homo sapiens and the mouse.

It was had a clone by Bernhard Herrmann and others, and the T gene of the mouse was found to be the transcription factor in the embryonic nucleus consisting of 436 amino acids [³]. T is connected in an N-terminal domain called T-box in TCACACCT which is repetition-like sequence. Firstly T is a found gene in the mammals now among the T-box gene clusters where 18 kinds are known to.

Function

The Brachyury gene forms an anterior posterior axis with this with a stored function to prescribe a midline in bilateria [⁴]. This function is famous in a chordate and mollusks [⁵]. - - - role in this genetic primitive - - - at least Cnidaria is to form Haraguchi. In addition, it prescribes a mesoderm in primitive gut emboly [⁶]. This genetic expression is indispensable for the formation of the mesoderm and cytodifferentiation to mesoderm system.

Expression

T develops in an internal cell mass of the blastocyst followed by a primitive line with the mouse (but I am not seen with many mouse embryonic-stem cells). The expression is confined in last part of outbreak by a nodule and a notochord. Xbra (it is homolog of T in Xenopus and in late years is the same called t) emerges in a band before the primitive gut emboly in Xenopus (Xenopus laevis), and I am confined in a middle gastrula by Haraguchi and a notochord. Homolog in the zebra fish (Danio rerio) is ntl (no tail).

Cancer

The expression of ブラキウリ is a definitive diagnosis marker of notochord tumor which is the malignant tumor of the notochord cell left in the backbone. In addition, of ブラキウリ in the generative cell double it, and a notochord tumor is doubted. The 6q27 domain on the chromosome including Brachyury was six of 21 cases, and increase was seen, and, on the other hand, the deletion was not seen [⁷]. Overexpression is seen in ブラキウリ for many many tumors. This protein contributes to an epithelium mesenchyma switch and promotes permeation.

References

1. ^ Edwards YH, Putt W, Lekoape KM, Stott D, Fox M, Hopkinson DA, Sowden J (March 1996). "The human homolog T of the mouse T(Brachyury) gene; gene structure, cDNA sequence, and assignment to chromosome 6q27." Genome Res. 6 (3): 226–33. doi: 10.1101/gr.6.3.226. PMID 8963900. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Scholz CB, Technau U (January 2003). "The ancestral role of Brachyury: expression of NemBra1 in the basal cnidarian Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa)." Dev. Genes Evol. 212 (12): 563–70. doi: 10.1007/s00427-002-0272-x. PMID 12536320. 
3. ^ Herrmann BG, Labeit S, Poustka A, King TR, Lehrach H (February 1990). "Cloning of the T gene required in mesoderm formation in the mouse." Nature 343 (6259): 617–22. doi: 10.1038/343617a0. PMID 2154694. 
4. ^ Le Gouar, M.; Guillou, A.; Vervoort, M. (2004). "Expression of a SoxB and a Wnt2/13 gene during the development of the mollusc Patella vulgata.." Development genes and evolution 214 (5): 250–256. doi: 10.1007/s00427-004-0399-z. PMID 15034714. 
5. ^ Lartillot, N; Lespinet, O; Vervoort, M; Adoutte, A (2002). "Expression pattern of Brachyury in the mollusc Patella vulgata suggests a conserved role in the establishment of the AP axis in Bilateria.." Development 129 (6): 1411–1421. PMID 11880350. 
6. ^ Marcellini, S.; Technau, U.; Smith, J.; Lemaire, P. (2003). "Evolution of Brachyury proteins: identification of a novel regulatory domain conserved within Bilateria." Developmental Biology 260 (2): 352–361. doi: 10.1016/S0012-1606(03) 00244-6. PMID 12921737. 
7. ^ Vujovic S, Henderson S, Presneau N, Odell E, Jacques TS, Tirabosco R, Boshoff C, Flanagan AM (June 2006). "Brachyury, a crucial regulator of notochordal development, is a novel biomarker for chordomas". J. Pathol. 209 (2): 157–65. doi: 10.1002/path.1969. It is http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16538613. PMID 16538613 

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