Script language
The script language (script げんご, English: scripting language) refers to kind of the simple programming language to make applications software.
I came to be called so the script (in English the meaning of "a script, the script") referring to the simple language description method.
Table of contents
Summary
I say the simple programming language whole to turn more than the meaning mentioned above, and to describe a relatively simple program. I do not add a model to a variable, and there is the definition to call a dynamic model charge account language a script language. But a close definition to the distinction do not exist. There are many things adopting an interpreter method, but the run-time use compiling is prosperous for a performance enhancement. On the other hand, it is a compiler method, but the languages that I can carry out by 1 command from a source code including the go run subcommand of the Go language increase, and, as for "this language, as for "this language, a compiler" and the one which I am particular about are nonsense an interpreter", but there is many I am particular about, turning probably because I am seen for the plain distinction.
Examples of the former (programming language to describe movement contents of the applications software like a script, and to control it) will include the JavaScript for the shell script for the shell of the UNIX, LISP for Emacs, the Web browser.
Examples of the latter (the programming language whole to relatively describe a simple program that turned, and was given meaning to) include perl and PHP. As for perl, a former meaning to describe the operation of the text processing tool was strong in the early days, but in late years [when?] Then it may be said that it developed as a programming language to build a dynamic website (bulletin boards) using CGI mainly at the point of the latter meaning.
In addition, I want to warn you although being very rare because I may call the programming language that I used to implement specific software with a script language. In this sense, one to call "a description language" is desirable. For example, it may be said that a description language of the UNIX is C language.
The following definition is possible, too. It is a language to use to enable it to add a certain function without building the whole a certain program again. For example, it is Emacs Lisp to have been prepared to add a new function to Emacs, and it is SSI and PHP that it was thought to add a function to an HTTP server. These work by an interpreter method in many cases, but there is the thing having mechanism to compile it like a case of Emacs, and to operate fast.
Because it was useful enough even the name called the script language arranged some basic functions sequentially, and to define the new function, I would be touched by the implication such as "a script description". However, I do not only describe movement easily. I possess the data structure description as the programming language, control structure description ability so that the movement that many script languages are complicated enough describes it.
History
The world's first interactive shell was developed for the remote control of the time sharing system in the 1960s. And the method that demand for scripting used the file which stored birth, a simple macrocommand and command line for to omit trouble to devote itself to many times was developed in a command line same an operator by the keyboard of the terminal. This finally led to the development of the shell script. In addition, a very basic implanted script function was developed to facilitate the operation of the batch mode which a human being did not exist among in development of the large, complicated application. In other words, I comprised a function to interpret the order line that a user wrote as some programs, and to carry out. The order line of this case was written by a very special language and virtually buried a program in a program.
As for the script which was low speed written as high-speed programming languages such as the C language in Bourne Shell and AWK, there was a difference in performance clearly historically. However, the performance difference shrank with a technological change, and JAVA and LISP, perl, an interpreter type language such as Python came to be used as a general programming language widely.
It is designed as a general-purpose script language and can speak the language such as Tcl and Lua in form to bury in application and can use it alone. The systems such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) are strongly tied to the automation system of the system becoming the base. It has a clear good point to bury a general-purpose script language without developing a new language every application. I omit trouble to develop the function that a developer interprets a language from the beginning and can omit trouble of the learning because the user can speak a known language.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) makes it possible to control a Web server by a script language. A script language spoken for CGI use early includes perl, ASP, PHP.
Depending on software, I cope with plural different script languages. A recent Web browser includes the language that can expand browser oneself, and, as a standard implantation language for the browser control, there are ECMAScript (JavaScript) and CSS and HTML.
Kind of the script language
A job control language and shell
Kinds of the script language were produced by automation of the job control, and perform start and the control of the system program. It may be said that an ancestor of the shells includes Job Control Language (JCL, job control language) of IBM in this sense. Pro-handling of this kind of language (interpreter) most are called a command-line interpreter such as COMMAND.COM of shell and MS-DOS of the UNIX. There is other AppleScript to be able to write a script by a command such as English. In Mac OS X, I can build the whole application using Cocoa and AppleScript or a JavaScript [1].
GUI script
The special script languages for control of the computers were produced by an appearance of GUI. It is a language to exchange that the systems such as a window, a menu, the button were formed, and it simulates what a human hand performs. I automate that a user performs it, and these languages are standardized, and are called macrolanguages generally.
I can control any application to work on a GUI-based computer, but a macrolanguage theoretically exists in response to the specific application and operating system generally. However, there is the language to recognize a graphical object from the pixel placement on the screen among them, and to operate and is manipulability without, in that case, depending on the OS and application.
Language for exclusive use of the application
Most of large-scale application programs include an inherent script language, and a user of the application uses it as needed. Similarly, there is the script language that is inherent to most of TV game systems and is used for behavior of NPC and environmental programming. Such a language is designed only for one application. Outwardly there is the thing which is similar to a specific general-purpose language (with QuakeC, for example, similar to C language in Quake), but often has the special function that there is not for a general-purpose language. Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the LISP language fully equipped with a function, but possesses a lot of special functions that are convenient for the extension and modification of the function of Emacs. I can consider the script language for exclusive use of the application to be a language peculiar to domain specialized in specific application.
Web browser
A Web browser is application to display a web page. An exclusive language to control the operation has been developed. For example, there is XSLT to convert a JavaScript, VBScript (I work only in Internet Explorer) of Microsoft, XUL (I work only in Firefox) of the Mozilla project, XML contents into a new form, and to display it. Technique using XML and the combination of JavaScripts comes to be adopted widely to make the impression of the user better, and to draw a reaction and comes to be touched to the name called the Ajax.
Web server
On the server side in the HTTP link, even dynamic contents servers such as application server or CMS utilize various scripting technique. It is PHP, JSP, ASP that is used well in this domain, but, besides, Ruby on Rails gets popularity in a part.
Text processing language
The text processing is one of the uses of a certain script language for a long time. The script written for AWK, sed, the grep that were a tool of the UNIX has been used to automate the handling of about the configuration file and the log file text format. A regular expression is important in this field. By the script language for the text processing, I express structure for the processing using a regular expression formally.
Originally I was developed for the purpose of the thing more than the limits of the text processing tool, but perl grows up for a general-purpose language now.
General-purpose dynamic language
The languages such as perl were born as a script language, but grew up for a programming language to be usable in a wider use. By a language similar to perl, I am interpreted during practice, and there is memory management capability and may be called "a script language" because the dynamic language resembles it mutually each. However, there is really the language that is often spoken in the description of the application body. Generally, the author of those languages does not call it "a script language" by oneself.
Expansion / implantation type language
The language to be able to bury in an application program as a substitute of the script language for exclusive use of the application has been designed how many until now. An application programmer elaborates "the hook" for the script language for a program (I use the C language mainly) to let you control the application. Such a language is used in a use same as an expansion language for exclusive use of the application, but there is an advantage to be able to share the skill about the script with different application. The JavaScript was born as a script language in the Web browser, and the use almost still spread out as a language for the general-purpose implantation because it was standardized as ECMAScript. SpiderMonkey which Mozilla in particular implemented is buried in some environment including Yahoo! Widget Engine. As other examples burying implementation (processing system) of ECMAScript, there are Adobe Flash (ActionScript) and Adobe Acrobat (for the scripting of the PDF file) which are a product of Adobe Systems.
Tcl was born as an expansion language, but is often used as a general-purpose language in the same way as Python, perl, Ruby.
It is complicated and, by the application that a use was limited to, comprises an implanted programming language separately from the function that I can offer in normal user interface and provides a further control in a user. For example, 3D authoring tool Maya incorporates a script language MEL. In addition, Blender adopts Python in the use.
A case to add a function to frequently when carry it out when try it in various ways, (e.g., a game engine) uses an implanted language, too. I show power, and prototyping under development can play with a function of the application even if I do not know the core part of the program. Lua and Python are famous, but, for the script language of this use, there are other AngelScript or Squirrel.
Other script language
Footnote, source
- ^ "JavaScript for Automation Release Note" (HTML). Apple Inc. September 4, 2014 reading.
Allied item
Outside link
- Patterns for Scripted Applications
- A study of the Script-Oriented Programming (SOP) suitability of selected languages — from The Scriptometer
- A Slightly Skeptical View on Scripting Languages by Dr. Nikolai Bezroukov
- Rob van der Woude's Scripting Pages — 管理用スクリプトに関する情報
- Are Scripting Languages Any Good? A Validation of Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl against C, C++, and Java (PDF) — 2003 study
- Scripting: Higher Level Programming for the 21st Century by John K. Ousterhout
- Use of VBScript in QTP automation
- Scripting on the Java platform — JavaWorld
- "Programming is Hard - Let's Go Scripting" by Larry Wall - Perl.com transcript of his State of the Onion speech.
- スクリプティングのすべて MSDN
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Script language
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