2016년 5월 23일 월요일

Nourishment

Nourishment

The baby who drinks the breast
The baby who takes the nutrient with a baby food
The man who eats beans
Example of the vegetable food group

A phenomenon that a creature takes in a material with the nourishment (えいよう British: nutrition) from the outside the body (the outside world) and utilizes it for though I constitute a body (and I maintain it) and live and am active. I was often transcribed into "alimentation" before.

In addition, the material that [2] is adopted that "the nourishment" points at a material taken in from the outside the body [1] is called "a nutrient" more closely.

Table of contents

General statement

The nourishment is the living body taking in a material from the outside world and the thing that I maintain the function of the body by being busy and raise. It is a generic name to point to various working to be healthy, and to live to use food contained from a mouth through digestion, the resolution, absorption when I express the distinction [3]. Biology makes an ingredient constituting a body through the working called such a nourishment and I bring about energy in the body and live.

I point to the nutrient by the word "nourishment" routinely and, besides, may point to the food containing the nutrient [1]. But it is often liked that I call it a "nourishment" "nutrient" at the scholarly place and distribute it. In addition, the word "nutrition" is used referring to overall food including nourishment, a nutrient and the nourishment in English and the use called the nutrition= food is extremely common.

I can distribute the nourishment for three stages [4]. For the first stage, I take food and a drink in the body [5]. A body breaks down food and a drink into a nutrient for the second stage [6]. A nutrient turns around on other parts of the body through bloodstream, and the third stage is spent for as "fuel" (energy source) or other purposes (in the organization of the body constitution するためなど) [7]. The human being eats the food containing the main nutrient to give the nourishment which is enough for a body and must take a drink [8].

I generally take in the nutrient from food. Study to study nourishment from the aspect of food and the meal is dietetics.

History of the expression

The former notation was often considered to be "alimentation". It was recommended "nourishment" by Tadasu Saeki who was the nutritional founder in about 1918 to unify it [9]. With the implication to be able to hold it, but to increase Sakae えるであり health in "Sakae" that "営" runs [10]. A book and a "nourishment" honoring monument of "the nourishment" of the Dr. Tadasu Saeki are erected in "a nourishment temple" of Iyo-gun, Ehime county Nakamachi (existing Iyo-shi) whom Tadasu Saeki was brought up in boyhood.

In "晋書 of about 648 in China," the nourishment was used in the meaning of food, clothing and shelter.

I expressed a state full of nutrients formerly saying "I was nourishing", but the expression "that an opportunity to learn this word by school education by postwar restrictions in the use of Chinese characters cried, and was rich to nourishment" generalized it.

I it from the viewpoint of dietetics

I divide a function of nourishment into three in the modern dietetics roughly and think [11]. (1) Fix the condition of the (3) body to prepare the (2) body becoming the energy into;, and, there is it [11].

(1)An important thing is called's three biggest nutrients in the nutrient which plays a role as "becoming the の" energy [11].

The three major nutrients are carbohydrates, protein, lipid for the creatures such as human beings (the carbohydrates cause all glucide of them). Among three major nutrients, protein and the lipid except carbohydrates serve as the role of "making (2)" body [11].

Following three major nutrients increase a mineral and vitamins when I say a five components nutrient. "ことである [11] where vitamins and the main function of mineral fix the condition of" body of (3). I forget it, but the water is an essential material, too. The water is a physical major component occupying 60-70% of the weight of the person, and the water is included in body fluid carrying a nutrient [11]. Besides, the person needs the elements such as dietary fiber, enzyme, フィトケミカル in a fact for health. I add the water to a five components nutrient and may express it with a six biggest nutrient and I add a dietary fiber in substitution for water and may express it with six large nutrients.

It is grown fat when I take too many lipid and carbohydrates and is more likely to suffer from a lifestyle-related disease.
The person who has fallen into malnutrition

It leads to obesity when I consume an energetic nutrient (lipid and carbohydrate = glucide) too much and is more likely to cause a lifestyle-related disease [11]. Conversely, when there are too few intakes of the nutrient, I lose too much of my weight, and physical strength declines and loses concentration [11]. A state with the deflection is called malnutrition to a nutrient overall nutrient is insufficient or to take in.

In other words, for the health, it becomes important to take in a nutrient of the moderate quantity [11]. The amount of energy to be necessary in 1st varies according to a build and a momentum individually [11]. I can roughly estimate the necessary energy using a basal metabolic rate and a physical activity level [11]. The physical activity level sees "a life pattern" on the right side of the lower table, and one's life belongs to which or judges it and reads the numerical value of the second "body activity level" from the left.

Physical activity level [11]
Activity level Physical activity level Life pattern
Low 1.5 The activity that sit down in most of the life (= seat rank), and is static (desk work) in the case of the center
Normal 1.75 When it is seat rank-centered life, but it works, it may stand or it is included commuting, shopping, housework, to play light sports
High 2.0 Moving by work when often stand. Or when there are sports and a custom carrying out an active activity routinely.

The calculating formula is as follows.

Energy required amount (kcal) = basal metabolic rate (kcal) X body activity level [11] of the day of the day

For example, if is the person of the person (= body activity level normal that is numerical value 1.75) who age goes to work in 30 generations, and does desk work-centered work; the energy required amount of the day

A basal metabolic rate is a man of 1,520kcal

1,520 (kcal) x 1.75 = 2660 (kcal)　

A basal metabolic rate is a woman of 1,140kcal

1,140 (kcal) x 1.75 = 1995 (kcal)　　　となる.
It is Harvard University "a healthy meal pyramid" (healthy eating pyramid)

Speaking roughly, I can judge that I gain weight when I take in a calorie more than this numerical value.

The shortcut to health divides a nutrient into the group (food group) and is to choose food among each food group in a good balance, and to put it in a meal (menu, menu) [11]. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries devise "a meal balance guide" in 2006 to become the aim of this balance [11].

I refer to "the dietetics"
I refer to "the nutrient" (dietetics)

Biology

I divide a creature into autotroph and heterotroph from the viewpoint of nourishment in the biology. Autotrophism and the organic matter that nourishment takes in only an inorganic matter are divided into heterotrophy to adopt here [12].


I it as medicine, an anatomy term

The expression called the nourishment may be used as a certain blood vessel (artery in particular) supplying oxygen and nourishment to a specific organ in medicine and anatomy. I use it for サ change words saying "nourishment does cerebral occipital lobe and temporal lobe as for the posterior cerebral artery" and do how to use that it is said, "nourishment blood vessel of the lungs is bronchial artery not pulmonary artery". When English is used in a similar meaning in medicine and anatomy, I may translate English supply into Japanese nourishment.

References

  • Teiji Nakamura "see it, and understand it; is illustration encyclopedia PHP Institute Office, 2008 of the nourishment", ISBN 4569700020

Footnote

  1. ^ a b digital vast address spring [nourishment]
  2. ^ size dictionary [nourishment]
  3. ^ "see it, and understand it; is illustration encyclopedia p.10 of the nourishment"
  4. ^ PDQ cancer terms dictionary (November, 2010 reading)
  5. ^ PDQ cancer terms dictionary (November, 2010 reading)
  6. ^ PDQ cancer terms dictionary (November, 2010 reading)
  7. ^ PDQ cancer terms dictionary (November, 2010 reading)
  8. ^ PDQ cancer terms dictionary (November, 2010 reading)
  9. ^ Yoshiko Saeki "nutritionist Tadasu Saeki biography" totality of oneself company, 1986. ISBN 978-4 - 905,935-19-3。 Page 22.
  10. "It is meal and healthy "taking a lesson from the past" Yoshiko Saeki "eating habits" 100(10), 2006.10.1, pp6-8 ^ Akira Watanabe
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "see it, and understand it; is illustration encyclopedia p.10-18 of the nourishment"
  12. ^ digital vast address spring

Allied item

Dietetics connection
Biology connection

Allied book

  • Japanese Bungeisha Publishing Co.,Ltd. which "knows encyclopedia - nutrient and the organization of the body knowing the nourishment, and becomes healthy", 2006, ISBN 4537204907

Outside link

There is an item of nutrition in ウィクショナリー.


It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= nourishment &oldid=57630964"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Nourishment

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