Equal call

The phonological technical term that China is traditional with the equal call (isolated). At first, in an equal table of Chinese phonemes, I divide one piece of figure into four steps by four tones and divide each into four steps lengthwise, but call these four steps with equal call. I call it the first prize, the second prize, the third prize, the fourth class sequentially from the top.

Table of contents

Meaning of the equal call

I am really induced from a put character on the equal table of Chinese phonemes as follows.

1. If a sound which corresponds to one kana character with some exceptions (I do not have 介母-i-を) is third class as for the first prize, the second prize, the fourth prize is a palatalized or labio-velarized syllable (I have 介母-i-を).
2. There are a tongue high tone (/tʲ/) and a connected thing an original dental consonant (/tʃ/) that I am combined with a tooth head sound (/ts/), tip of the tongue sound (/t/) as voice mother on the rhyme of the sound which corresponds to one kana character with some exceptions. I win the first place in the former and write down the latter to the second prize.
3. As a general rule, I write down the palatalized or labio-velarized syllable to the third prize,
   1. When I say 重紐, and there is distinction of weak 介母 (-ï-) of palate-related strong 介母 (by the opinion of Hideyo Arisaka, Rokuro Kawano -i-) and palate characteristics, third-class write down the latter to the fourth class in the former.
   2. About the lingual, the tip of the tongue sound writes down the tongue high tone to the third prize to the fourth prize.
   3. Zhuang mother (/tʃ/) is second class, and chapter mother (/tɕ/) fills the third prize among original dental consonants and, about the dental consonant, writes down the tooth head sound to the fourth prize. Therefore, I do not know it only by having seen a figure whether it is a palatalized or labio-velarized syllable whether a character written to the second prize of the dental consonant is a sound which corresponds to one kana character with some exceptions.
   4. Example mother is really voice mother who is different from 云母 (/ɦ/) in two of sheep mother (/j/), but I am third class in 云母 on the figure and write down sheep mother to the fourth class.
   5. I write down 幽韻 to the fourth prize.

Voice mother, 介母, the main vowel sound is related to the decision of the equal class complicatedly as above and is in confusion. It is not clear, but it is thought whether this is because it was able to put all sounds in one piece in what it divides into the fourth class with the phoneme system of the person who made an equal table of Chinese phonemes why the author of the equal table of Chinese phonemes divided it into four steps in this way when I make the figure where I divided each of 十六摂 into in an articulation and utterance [¹].

Use in the present age

I call the rhyme that second-class is written "a first-class rhyme" by a rhyme written to the first prize in an equal table of Chinese phonemes with "a second-class rhyme" in the pronunciation in the past study in the present age. When there is multiple it, the first-class rhyme of the same articulation and utterance calls them "first-class double rhyme" same 摂 of 十六摂. Similarly, I call it "second-class double rhyme" when there are multiple second-class rhymes.

"Representing the sound of one character by using two characters" Then there is a rhyme written to the fourth prize in a table of Chinese phonemes in being a sound which corresponds to one kana character with some exceptions, and it is thought that I changed into a palatalized or labio-velarized syllable in the times when an equal table of Chinese phonemes was written for these rhymes by a sound which corresponds to one kana character with some exceptions. I call this "a sound which corresponds to one kana character with some exceptions fourth class rhyme" or "a temporary fourth class rhyme".

"重紐三等" calls written to the fourth prize with "重紐四等" in one written to the third prize in an equal table of Chinese phonemes about 重紐.

Example mother parts from each font of printing type of the original dental consonant in two kinds of different phonemes by "representing the sound of one character by using two characters" each, but may call these like the "original dental consonant third prize, plus dental consonant fourth class" "example mother third prize, example mother fourth class".

The fourth class extinction

A meaning to divide into the fourth prize by the later phonological transition disappeared, and the models such as articulation and utterance for each two were explored. New call is established in "a glossary" of Akiyo in 付 せられた table of Chinese phonemes "rhyme method direct figure", and ten call was used, but it is arranged and a classification by four call of opening call, 斉歯呼, good partner call, the knob mouth call is performed in Kiyo, "a similar sounds" of 潘耒 (Chinese edition) for the first time, and even science of Japanese is used for five call of the opening call, 斉歯呼, good partner call, knob mouth call, blend call in "the figure of of the plum world swamp in the appendix of "the glossary" rhyme method side" in the same way in the present.

Footnote

1. "It is page 151 ^ Mitsuaki Endo about Tunhuang cave temple document P2012 "守温韻学残巻" for "China phonology essays" white emperor company, 2,001 years. ISBN 4891744251。 (cause "Aoyama Gakuin University general education essays" 29, 1988)

Allied item

• Four call
• Semivowel

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